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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (33): 81-87.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0406

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮磷交互配施对玉米大豆复合种植土壤及幼苗生理特性影响

李安宁(), 王炎, 马金慧, 王慧淼, 萨如拉(), 邰继承, 姜珊, 赵廷超   

  1. 内蒙古民族大学草业学院，内蒙古通辽 028000
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-15 修回日期:2025-09-16 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-12-01
  • 通讯作者:
    萨如拉，女，1982年出生，内蒙古通辽人，教授，博士，研究方向：作物高产高效栽培。通信地址：028000 内蒙古通辽市霍林河大街西536号，Tel：0475-8316322，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    李安宁，女，2000年出生，甘肃庆阳人，在读硕士研究生，研究方向：资源利用与植物保护。通信地址：028000 内蒙古通辽市霍林河大街西536号，Tel：0475-8316322，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    中央引导地方科技发展资金项目“轻度盐碱地玉米大豆复合种植产量效率与地力协同提升生理生态机制”(2022ZY0032); “轻度盐碱地玉米花生间作高产高效的土壤微生态机制”(2022ZY0168); 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目“米豆间作促进氮磷高效吸收利用的生物学机制”(2024LHMS03059); 大学生创新创业训练计划项目“免耕-轮作-秸秆粪肥还田协同提升粮食产量和黑土耕地地力研究”(202510136007)

Effect of Nitrogen-phosphorus Interactive Application on Physiological Characteristics of Soil and Seedlings in Corn-bean Composite Planting

LI Anning(), WANG Yan, MA Jinhui, WANG Huimiao, SA Rula(), TAI Jicheng, JIANG Shan, ZHAO Tingchao   

  1. College of Prataculture, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000
  • Received:2025-05-15 Revised:2025-09-16 Published:2025-11-25 Online:2025-12-01

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摘要：

为优化玉米大豆复合种植的氮磷配施方案，本研究设计玉米大豆混种盆栽试验，以盐渍化土壤为培养基质，设置4个氮水平（0、270、300、330 kg/hm2，分别标记为N0、N1、N2、N3）和4个磷水平（0、60、90、120 kg/hm2，分别标记为P0、P1、P2、P3）。60 d后取样测定土壤养分、土壤酶活性、玉米大豆叶片和根系生理活性。结果表明：不同施氮水平下，P2和P3组合均能显著增加土壤碱解氮含量(7.81%~48.99%)和有效磷含量（增幅高达21.33倍），并能提高土壤酶活性；不同施磷水平下，N2、N3组合同样能显著增加土壤碱解氮含量(19.57%~48.99%)和有效磷含量（增幅高达9.81倍）。具体而言，N3P2处理能显著增加土壤蔗糖酶活性（增幅32.36%）和碱性磷酸酶活性（增幅29.89%），N3P2处理增强根系过氧化物酶(POD)活性、降低根系丙二醛(MDA)含量、增加叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。此外，N1P1和N2P1处理则能显著增加玉米根系POD活性、降低叶片和根系MDA含量、增加叶片和根系SOD活性。综上所述，高氮高磷配施能够协同增加土壤碱解氮和有效磷含量；单独施用高氮或高磷则更倾向于增加土壤蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性；而低氮高磷配施则能同时有效增加土壤纤维素酶活性。N3P2处理在提升玉米大豆混种土壤质量、增强作物幼苗生理指标方面表现突出。

关键词: 氮磷交互配施, 玉米大豆混种, 土壤养分, 植物生理特性, 土壤酶

Abstract:

To optimize the N and P dosing scheme for corn-soybean composite planting, this study employed a mixed planting of corn and soybean using saline-alkali soil as the growing medium, including four nitrogen levels (0, 270, 300, 330 kg/hm2, designated as N0, N1, N2, N3) and four phosphorus levels (0, 60, 90, 120 kg/hm2, designated as P0, P1, P2, P3). Soil nutrients, soil enzyme activities, and physiological activities of corn and soybean leaves and roots were measured after 60 days. The results showed that P2 and P3 increased soil alkaline dissolved nitrogen (7.81%-48.99%) and effective phosphorus content (21.33-fold increase) and soil enzyme activities at different N application levels; N2 and N3 increased soil alkaline dissolved nitrogen (19.57%-48.99%) and effective phosphorus content (9.81-fold increase) at different phosphorus application levels; and N3P2 increased soil sucrase (32.36%) and alkaline phosphatase (29.89%) activities, N3P2 increased soybean root POD activity, decreased root MDA content, and increased leaf SOD activity; and N1P1 and N2P1 increased maize root POD activity, decreased leaf and root MDA content, and increased leaf and root SOD activity. The high nitrogen and high phosphorus pairing increased soil alkaline dissolved nitrogen and effective phosphorus content, and high nitrogen or phosphorus increased soil sucrase and alkaline phosphatase activities, while the low nitrogen and high phosphorus pairing increased soil cellulase activity; N3P2 enhanced the quality of corn-soybean mixed planting soils, and strengthened the physiological activity of crop seedlings.

Key words: nitrogen and phosphorus interactive application, corn-soybean mixed planting, soil nutrients, physiological characteristics of plants, soil enzyme