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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (28): 87-93.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0170

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

吉林省绿色水稻种植区土壤养分特征与空间分异规律研究——基于多指标地理信息系统的综合评价

杨秋苹1(), 潘鹏1(), 刘英姿1, 丁洋1,2, 杨冬1, 苗雨1, 孙晗3   

  1. 1 吉林省绿色食品办公室，长春 130022
    2 吉林农业大学农学院，长春 130118
    3 吉林省农业资源与农业区划研究所，长春 130022
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-27 修回日期:2025-06-12 出版日期:2025-10-05 发布日期:2025-10-10
  • 通讯作者:
    潘鹏，男，1995年出生，北京人，农艺师，硕士研究生，研究方向：农业技术推广。通信地址：130022 吉林省长春市自由大路6152号 吉林省绿色食品办公室，Tel：0431-87977015，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    杨秋苹，女，1983年出生，吉林长春人，高级农艺师，硕士研究生，研究方向：农业技术推广。通信地址：130022 吉林省长春市自由大路6152号 吉林省绿色食品办公室，Tel：0431-87977015，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    “水稻绿色种植技术规程”(DBXM103-2024)

Study on Soil Nutrient Characteristics and Spatial Differentiation in Green Rice Growing Areas of Jilin Province: Comprehensive Evaluation Based on Multi-index Geographic Information System

YANG Qiuping1(), PAN Peng1(), LIU Yingzi1, DING Yang1,2, YANG Dong1, MIAO Yu1, SUN Han3   

  1. 1 Jilin Provincial Green Food Office, Changchun 130022
    2 College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118
    3 Jilin Provincial Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Changchun 130022
  • Received:2025-02-27 Revised:2025-06-12 Published:2025-10-05 Online:2025-10-10

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摘要： 本研究旨在揭示吉林省绿色水稻种植区土壤养分空间分异规律及其驱动因素，为精准施肥提供科学依据。基于42个典型种植区的土壤样本，采用GIS空间分析方法，结合Kriging和IDW插值及Pearson相关性分析，系统探究土壤pH、有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、阳离子交换量(CEC)及C/N比的空间分布特征与相互关系。结果表明，吉林省水稻种植区土壤养分空间异质性显著。中部黑土区有机质（均值34.69 g/kg）、全氮（均值1.79 g/kg）及CEC[均值21.9 cmol(+)/kg]含量丰富，基础肥力高；西部盐碱土区偏碱性（均值pH 8.5），速效钾富集（均值207.68 mg/kg），但有机质匮乏；东部山地土壤有效磷（均值40.03 mg/kg）与速效钾含量低，C/N比（均值10.51）偏高，且面临严重水土流失。相关性分析显示，有机质与全氮极显著正相关(r=0.986，P<0.01)，速效钾与CEC显著正相关(r=0.597，P<0.01)，而pH与有机质、全氮均呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。据此，提出西部补钾改良盐碱地、东部控磷防流失、中部平衡养分保肥力的分区优化管理策略。本研究成果可用于吉林省绿色水稻产区的精准施肥实践，对优化区域土壤管理、提升水稻产量与品质、实现可持续发展具有应用价值。

关键词: 土壤养分, 空间分异, 地理信息系统(GIS), 精准施肥, 吉林省水稻种植区

Abstract:

To investigate the spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients and their underlying mechanisms in green food rice cultivation areas of Jilin Province, this study systematically analyzed the soil nutrient characteristics of 42 green food rice cultivation areas using a multi-indicator geographic information system (GIS) based comprehensive evaluation approach. The spatial distribution patterns and interactive mechanisms of soil pH, organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and C/N ratio were investigated using Kriging and inverse distance weighting (IDW) spatial interpolation techniques combined with Pearson correlation analysis. The results showed that significant spatial heterogeneity in soil nutrients crossed the study area. The central region, characterized by fertile black soils, exhibited higher fertility levels with higher OM (mean 34.69 g/kg), TN (mean 1.79 g/kg) and CEC [mean 21.9 cmol(+)/kg]. In contrast, the western saline-alkali soil region displayed alkaline pH (mean pH 8.5) and higher AK (mean 207.68 mg/kg) but lower OM. The eastern mountainous area showed reduced AP (mean 40.03 mg/kg) and AK levels, along with a higher C/N ratio (mean 10.51), which were associated with severe soil erosion. Correlation analysis showed that organic matter was highly significantly positively correlated with total nitrogen (r=0.986，P<0.01), available potassium was significantly positively correlated with CEC (r=0.597，P<0.01), while pH was highly significantly negatively correlated with both organic matter and total nitrogen (P<0.01). Based on this, a zonal optimization management strategy was proposed: potassium supplementation to improve saline-alkali land in the west, phosphorus control to prevent loss in the east, and balanced nutrient supply to maintain fertility in the middle. The research results could directly guide the precise fertilization practice in the green rice production areas of Jilin Province, and have important application value for optimizing regional soil management, improving rice yield and quality, and achieving sustainable development.

Key words: soil nutrient, spatial differentiation, geographic information system (GIS), precision fertilization, rice-growing area of Jilin Province