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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (32): 46-53.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0222

所属专题： 园艺

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

农林废弃物堆肥渗沥液替代部分化肥对园林苗木长势和土壤养分的影响

吴家龙1(), 黄雅芸2, 梁春梅1, 阮燕珠3, 许昌超1()   

  1. 1 广州市林业和园林科学研究院/广州市生态园林科技协同创新中心，广州 510405
    2 广东生态工程职业学院，广州 510520
    3 广州市绿风生物技术有限公司，广州 510540
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-20 修回日期:2025-08-20 出版日期:2025-11-15 发布日期:2025-11-18
  • 通讯作者:
    许昌超，男，1990年出生，安徽滁州人，高级工程师，博士研究生，研究方向：园林绿化。通信地址：510405 广东省广州市白云区广园中路428号 广州市林业和园林科学研究院，Tel：020-36501672，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    吴家龙，男，1989年出生，河南驻马店人，高级工程师，博士研究生，研究方向：园林绿地土壤修复。通信地址：510405 广东省广州市白云区广园中路428号 广州市林业和园林科学研究院，Tel：020-36501672，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    广州市科技计划项目“广州市生态园林科技协同创新中心”(202206010058); 广州市林业和园林局部门预算项目“珍贵树种培育与应用示范”(202307130200)

Effects of Replacing Partial Chemical Fertilizers with Agricultural and Forestry Waste Compost Leachate on Growth of Garden Seedlings and Soil Nutrients

WU Jialong1(), HUANG Yayun2, LIANG Chunmei1, RUAN Yanzhu3, XU Changchao1()   

  1. 1 Guangzhou Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong/Guangzhou Collaborative Innovation Center on Science-tech of Ecology and Landscape, Guangzhou 510405
    2 Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510520
    3 Guangzhou Green Wind Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510540
  • Received:2025-03-20 Revised:2025-08-20 Published:2025-11-15 Online:2025-11-18

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摘要： 本研究旨在探究农林废弃物堆肥渗沥液部分替代化肥对园林苗木生长及土壤养分的影响，并确定其最佳施用比例。通过盆栽培养试验，以白兰(Michelia×alba)和蒂牡花(Melastoma candidum)为研究对象，设置100%、75%、50%、25%的蚯蚓养殖渗沥液(ECL)及绿废堆肥渗沥液(WCL)处理，结合1/2常规复合肥施肥，对比分析植物生长指标及土壤理化性质。结果表明，100%、75%、50%、25%的ECL均能提高白兰根干重，且100% ECL处理下白兰根部生物量积累效果最佳；而100%、75%的WCL处理导致白兰和蒂牡花长势显著下降。与1/2常规施肥相比，100%WCL处理后土壤的水解性氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别增加62.0%、28.2%和91.8%，表明其可有效提升土壤速效养分水平。主成分分析(PCA)进一步揭示，ECL处理组对白兰生长呈正向促进作用，而WCL处理组对蒂牡花生长表现抑制效应。研究认为，100%ECL可作为化肥替代方案以促进白兰和蒂牡花根部生物量积累，提高白兰长势。25%WCL因兼具成本效益与生态友好性，具有较大应用潜力。

关键词: 绿化废弃物堆肥渗沥液, 蚯蚓养殖渗沥液, 园林植物, 白兰, 蒂牡花, 化肥替代, 土壤养分

Abstract:

This study aims to explore the effects of compost leachate from agricultural and forestry wastes partially replacing chemical fertilizers on the growth of garden seedlings and soil nutrients, and to determine the best application ratio. The pot culture experiment was conducted with Michelia × alba and Melastoma candidum as the research objects. The treatments of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% earthworm culture leachate (ECL) and green waste compost leachate (WCL) were set up, combined with 1/2 conventional compound fertilizer application, and the plant growth indicators and soil physical and chemical properties were compared and analyzed. The results showed that 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of ECL could increase the root dry weight of Michelia × alba, and the biomass accumulation effect of Michelia × alba root was the best under 100% ECL treatment; while 100% and 75% of WCL treatment led to a significant decline in the growth of Michelia × alba and Melastoma candidum. Compared with 1/2 conventional fertilization, the contents of hydrolytic nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil after 100% WCL treatment increased by 62.0%, 28.2% and 91.8% respectively, indicating that it could effectively improve the level of available nutrients in the soil. Principal component analysis (PCA) further revealed that the ECL treatment group had a positive promoting effect on the growth of Michelia × alba, while the WCL treatment group had an inhibitory effect on the growth of Melastoma candidum. The study suggests that 100% ECL can be used as a fertilizer alternative to promote the accumulation of root biomass of Michelia × alba and Melastoma candidum and improve the growth of Michelia × alba. 25%WCL has great application potential due to its cost-effectiveness and eco-friendliness.

Key words: green waste compost leachate, earthworm cultivation leachate, garden plants, Michelia×alba, Melastoma candidum, chemical fertilizer substitution, soil nutrients