云南干热河谷区咖啡种植亟需解决的2个问题：遮阴种植和生草覆盖

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0671

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 73-79.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0671

云南干热河谷区咖啡种植亟需解决的2个问题：遮阴种植和生草覆盖

刘振稳¹^,²(), 许超³, 马仁义¹^,², 孟广涛¹^,², 张正海¹^,²()

¹ 云南省林业和草原科学院云南省高黎贡山生物多样性重点实验室，昆明 650201
² 云南省林业和草原科学院高黎贡山森林生态系统云南省野外科学观测研究站，昆明 650201
³ 云南省林业和草原科学院，昆明 650201

收稿日期:2025-08-11 修回日期:2025-12-17 出版日期:2026-02-15 发布日期:2026-02-09
通讯作者:
张正海，男，1976年出生，云南祥云人，副研究员，硕士，主要从事水土保持研究。通信地址：650201 昆明市盘龙区蓝桉路2号，E-mail：326313565@qq.com。
作者简介:
刘振稳，男，1980年出生，副研究员，博士，研究方向：植被修复研究。通信地址：650201 昆明市盘龙区蓝桉路2号，E-mail：liuzw2021@163.com。
基金资助:
云南省重点研发计划社会发展专项“基于自然方案的社区可持续发展模式与示范”(202303AC10001203); 国家重点研发计划“河谷区脆弱生态系统水土保持功能提升技术”(2022YFF1302400); 云南省科技人才与平台计划“云南省退化森林生态修复创新团队”(202505AS350020)

Two Urgent Issues in Coffee Cultivation in Yunnan’s Dry-hot Valley Region: Shade Grown and Grass Cover

LIU Zhenwen¹^,²(), XU Chao³, MA Renyi¹^,², MENG Guangtao¹^,², ZHANG Zhenghai¹^,²()

¹ Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201
² Gaoligong Mountain Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201
³ Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201

Received:2025-08-11 Revised:2025-12-17 Published:2026-02-15 Online:2026-02-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

云南干热河谷区是国内咖啡产业的核心区域之一，其传统的日晒单一种植模式在高温、干旱等极端气候条件下，已引发咖啡树早衰、品质不稳、水土流失及生物多样性下降等一系列问题，严重制约了产业的可持续发展。为推动产业可持续转型，本研究系统分析了遮阴种植与生草覆盖相结合的农林复合系统作为解决方案的理论依据、协同效应及技术要点。研究指出，传统的模式使咖啡树长期暴露于强光和高温胁迫下，导致光合效率降低、生理功能紊乱，影响咖啡品质的提升。同时，裸露的地表加剧了土壤侵蚀，过度依赖化肥和农药则引发土壤酸化、环境污染和食品安全隐患，破坏了生态系统的平衡。引入遮阴和生草覆盖技术能有效缓解上述问题。遮阴树能降低冠层温度，减少水分蒸腾，为咖啡创造更适宜的微环境。生草覆盖则能有效保持土壤水分、增加有机质、改善土壤结构，并与遮阴树共同形成立体化的水土保持屏障。三者结合形成的遮阴-咖啡-生草一体化系统，通过水分、养分、土壤和生物多样性的协同管理构建稳定的立体复合农业生态系统。该技术在干热河谷区有3个具体实施要点：（1）科学选择抗旱深根的遮阴树种与固氮耐旱的草种；（2）规划合理的立体空间配置以保证40%~50%的遮阴度；（3）结合滴灌等技术进行精准水肥管理和生态化的病虫害综合防控。最后，文章展望了推动该模式发展的4个方向，即加大科研投入与成果转化、完善政策扶持与绿色生产激励、强化技术培训与示范推广、发展生态咖啡品牌提升产品附加值。本文旨在为云南咖啡产业向生态、优质、高效的可持续发展模式转型提供实践路径。

关键词: 干热河谷, 咖啡, 农林复合系统, 日晒单一种植模式, 遮阴, 生草覆盖, 水土流失

Abstract:

The Yunnan’s dry-hot valleys represent one of China’s core coffee production areas. However, the traditional sun-grown monoculture system has induced a series of problems under extreme climatic conditions of high temperature and drought, including premature aging of coffee trees, unstable quality, soil erosion, and biodiversity decline, severely constraining sustainable industrial development. To address these challenges, this paper systematically presents the theoretical foundations, synergistic mechanisms, and technical specifications of agroforestry systems combining shade cultivation with grass cover as a solution. Research indicates that traditional monoculture exposes coffee trees to prolonged intense light and high-temperature stress, resulting in reduced photosynthetic efficiency and physiological dysfunction, thereby affecting coffee quality improvement. Simultaneously, exposed soil surfaces exacerbate soil erosion, while excessive dependence on chemical fertilizers and pesticides triggers soil acidification, environmental pollution, and food safety risks, disrupting ecological balance. The introduction of shade and grass cover technologies can effectively mitigate these issues. Shade trees reduce canopy temperature and transpiration rates, creating more suitable microenvironments for coffee cultivation. Grass cover effectively maintains soil moisture, increases organic matter, improves soil structure, and forms effective three-dimensional systems for soil and water conservation in conjunction with shade trees. The integrated shade-coffee-grass system formed by their combination constructs stable three-dimensional composite agricultural ecosystems through synergistic management of water, nutrients, soil health, and biodiversity. This paper further proposes practical implementation guidelines for this technology in dry-hot valley regions, including: (1) scientific selection of drought-resistant, deep-rooted shade tree species and nitrogen-fixing, drought-tolerant grass species; (2) optimized three-dimensional spatial planning to achieve 40% to 50% shade coverage; (3) precision water and fertilizer management combined with drip irrigation technology and ecological integrated pest management. Finally, four key development directions for promoting this model are outlined: (1) increasing scientific research investment and technology transfer; (2) enhancing policy support and incentives for green production; (3) strengthening technical training and demonstration extension; (4) developing ecological coffee brands to enhance product value-added. This study aims to provide practical pathways for transforming Yunnan’s coffee industry towards ecologically sound, high-quality, and efficient sustainable development.

Key words: dry-hot valley, coffee, agroforestry system, sun-grown monoculture system, shading, grass cover, soil erosion

刘振稳, 许超, 马仁义, 孟广涛, 张正海. 云南干热河谷区咖啡种植亟需解决的2个问题：遮阴种植和生草覆盖[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(3): 73-79.

LIU Zhenwen, XU Chao, MA Renyi, MENG Guangtao, ZHANG Zhenghai. Two Urgent Issues in Coffee Cultivation in Yunnan’s Dry-hot Valley Region: Shade Grown and Grass Cover[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(3): 73-79.

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云南干热河谷区咖啡种植亟需解决的2个问题：遮阴种植和生草覆盖

Two Urgent Issues in Coffee Cultivation in Yunnan’s Dry-hot Valley Region: Shade Grown and Grass Cover

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