元江干热河谷低海拔地带退化生态系统植物多样性及物种分布模式

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0233

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (36): 87-96.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0233

所属专题：农业生态

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇下一篇

元江干热河谷低海拔地带退化生态系统植物多样性及物种分布模式

杨逢春¹(), 刘景欣², 黄华平³, 构箭勇⁴, 文慧婷¹(), 李叶³, 陈娴¹, KRITANA Prueksakorn⁵, HONG Anh Thi Nguyen⁵, CHAYA Sarathchandra⁶^,⁷

¹宜宾职业技术学院,四川宜宾 644003
²中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园环境教育中心,云南勐腊 666302
³中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海口 570100
⁴云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州气象局,云南蒙自 661100
⁵宋卡王子大学国际教育创新,社会参与和可持续发展中心,泰国普吉 83000
⁶中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085
⁷斯里兰卡拉贾拉塔大学应用科学学院生物科学系,斯里兰卡密亨塔勒 50300

收稿日期:2021-03-08 修回日期:2021-06-03 出版日期:2021-12-25 发布日期:2022-02-15
通讯作者: 文慧婷
作者简介:杨逢春,男,1980年出生,云南个旧人,讲师,博士,主要从事植物分类及环境变化等研究工作。通信地址：644003 四川省宜宾市翠屏区新村74#,Tel：0831-8273621,E-mail： 282594732@qq.com。
基金资助:
宜宾职业技术学院高层次人才科研启动金项目(ybzysc20bk03);宜宾职业技术学院科研平台(ybzy21kypt-05);宜宾职业技术学院科技创新团队建设计划(ybzy21cxtd-04);竹类病虫防控与资源开发四川省重点实验室开放研究课题(ZLKF20-02);四川省社会科学重点研究基地彝族文化研究中心资助项目(YZWH2101)

Biodiversity and Species Distribution in a Declined Ecosystem in the Lowland of Yuanjiang Dry-hot Valley

YANG Fengchun¹(), LIU Jingxin², HUANG Huaping³, GOU Jianyong⁴, WEN Huiting¹(), LI Ye³, CHEN Xian¹, KRITANA Prueksakorn⁵, HONG Anh Thi Nguyen⁵, CHAYA Sarathchandra⁶^,⁷

¹Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin, Sichuan 644003
²Environmental Education Center,Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666302
³Environment and Plant Protection Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 570100
⁴Honghe Meteorological Bureau, Mengzi, Yunnan 661100
⁵International Education Hub for Innovation,Social Engagement and Sustainable Development, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket, Thailand 83000
⁶State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085
⁷Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, Sri Lanka 50300

Received:2021-03-08 Revised:2021-06-03 Online:2021-12-25 Published:2022-02-15
Contact: WEN Huiting

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

元江干热河谷是一个低海拔的脆弱生态系统,以环境干旱、植被贫乏为主要特征。17世纪中期以前它曾经植被茂盛,但是17世纪末以后,它逐渐演变退化为一个典型的热带山地萨王纳类型。本研究旨在阐明元江干热河谷低海拔地带典型干热区植物的多样性及其分布状况,从而深入了解气温、降水、地下水等主要的环境因子对植物种类及种群的影响以及植物对干热环境的适应,以及植物种类及其组成对元江干热河谷环境的指示作用。考察的主要指标包括物种多样性α,生境多样性β,物种期望值Species_estimated,稀有指数Singletons和Uniques,以及物种丰富度指数ACE、ICE和Chao2等。结果显示：（1）在不同的样带设计中,以紧靠河流的样带和样方(< 25 m) α多样性高,远离河道则逐渐变小。（2）在平行于河道的L样带,随着沿河流从上游向下游延伸,β多样性变化趋势明显,Bray-Curtis < 0.500;而在垂直于河道的P样带,随着环境干热化加剧及河道渗水的急剧减少,生境趋同性明显,Bray-Curtis > 0.500。（3）总体趋势上,干热河谷低海拔地带的植物对水分的依赖性表现得相当明显,在紧靠河道的样带,以及河流下游河漫滩发育地区,物种期望值Species_estimated、稀有种指数Singletons和Uniques以及物种丰富度指数ACE,ICE和Chao2都明显偏高。本研究研究证明干热河谷低海拔地区存在特殊水热条件,影响植物的种类和分布,同时阐明了干热河谷低海拔地区植物多样性及种类分布与河道周边的小生境密切相关,为脆弱生态环境环境变化监测提供建议。

关键词: 元江干热河谷, 低海拔地带, 生物多样性, 物种分布, 指示种, 元江-红河

Abstract:

Yuanjiang dry-hot valley is a poorly vegetated and fragile arid ecosystem in low land. Although it was lushly forested before the middle of the 17^th century, it became a tropical montane savannah after the end of the 17^th century. This study focuses on the diversity and distribution patterns of plants in this representative xerophytic flora, aiming to explain the impact of main environmental factors such as temperature, precipitation and underground water supply on species and populations, so as to explore the adaptation of plants. Furthermore, dry-hot environment indications corresponding to species and species assemblage were considered. Therefore, alpha and beta indices were employed to cope with biodiversity differences in plant species and its environment, respectively. Selected indices were subscribed to the relationship among species, population size, and their living circumstances in terms of Species_estimated, Singletons, Uniques, ACE, ICE, and Chao2. The results show that: (1) alpha diversity is higher in the transects and plots closing to the river channel (< 25 m), and decreases away from the riverway; (2) beta diversity increases from upper to lower stream in L-transect (Bray-Curtis < 0.500), however, it is reversed in P-transect, the homoplasy is obvious (Bray-Curtis > 0.500); (3) in the lowland of dry-hot valley, indices of Species_estimated, Singletons, Uniques, ACE, ICE, and Chao2 are significantly high beside river especially in the tidal range, which indicates a strong reliance on water supply. Conclusively, species composition and distribution patterns in the lowland of Yuanjiang dry-hot valley are deeply affected by heterogenity of water and temperature allocation. Plant species and their diversity are closely correlated to the microhabitat along river channel, and this correlation could be an approach for environmental monitoring potentially.

Key words: Yuanjiang dry-hot valley, lowland, biodiversity, species distribution, indicator species, Yuanjiang-Red River

中图分类号:

Q948.11

杨逢春, 刘景欣, 黄华平, 构箭勇, 文慧婷, 李叶, 陈娴, KRITANA Prueksakorn, HONG Anh Thi Nguyen, CHAYA Sarathchandra. 元江干热河谷低海拔地带退化生态系统植物多样性及物种分布模式[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(36): 87-96.

YANG Fengchun, LIU Jingxin, HUANG Huaping, GOU Jianyong, WEN Huiting, LI Ye, CHEN Xian, KRITANA Prueksakorn, HONG Anh Thi Nguyen, CHAYA Sarathchandra. Biodiversity and Species Distribution in a Declined Ecosystem in the Lowland of Yuanjiang Dry-hot Valley[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(36): 87-96.

图/表 7

图1. 研究地点及样带设计垂直河流样带P-transect,A、B属于上游样带,C、D属于中游样带,E、F属于下游样带;沿河平行样带L-transect,样带1距河道5 m,样带2距河道25 m,样带3距河道45 m,样带4距河道65 m

图3. 实际物种数量在垂直河流P-样带和沿河平行L-样带的变化趋势

图2. 多样性平均指数(H)、多样性最大指数(Hmax)、均匀性指数J和显著性指数Dominance在不同样带间的差异

图4. 元江干热河谷河漫滩地带的植被特征 (A)靠近河道季节性淹没的洪泛区,显著性较低,远离河道则显著性高;(B)指示植物毛果茄Solanum virginianum Linnaeus.

图5. 不同类型样带上的生境相似性系数

图6. 垂直河流P-样带中物种期望值、稀有性和丰富度指数的变化样带A、B属于上游样带;C、D属于中游样带;E、F属于下游样带

图7. 沿河平行L-样带物种期待指数、稀有指数和丰富度指数变化样带1距河道5 m;样带2距河道25 m;样带3距河道45 m;样带4距河道65 m

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元江干热河谷低海拔地带退化生态系统植物多样性及物种分布模式

Biodiversity and Species Distribution in a Declined Ecosystem in the Lowland of Yuanjiang Dry-hot Valley

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