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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (32): 1-8.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0786

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

‘石麦26’主茎穗灌浆特性分析

高新梅1,2(), 傅晓艺1,2, 高振贤1,2, 赵彦坤1,2, 史占良1,2, 班进福1,2, 曹巧1,2, 李彩华1,2, 单子龙1,2, 周永斌3, 何明琦1,2()   

  1. 1 石家庄市农林科学研究院,石家庄 050800
    2 河北省小麦工程技术研究中心,石家庄 050800
    3 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-30 修回日期:2025-03-15 出版日期:2025-11-18 发布日期:2025-11-18
  • 通讯作者:
    何明琦,男,1969年出生,河北石家庄人,研究员,硕士,研究方向:小麦育种与栽培。通信地址:050800 河北省石家庄市正定新区商务中心东门C区 石家庄市农林科学研究院,Tel:0311-86320900,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    高新梅,女,1990年出生,河北衡水人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向:小麦育种与栽培。通信地址:050800 河北省石家庄市正定新区商务中心东门C区 石家庄市农林科学研究院,Tel:0311-86320900,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    石家庄市农业科技项目“节水高产小麦新品种培育及示范推广”(24024); 科技创新2030—重大项目“节水抗旱高产小麦新品种选育”(2023ZD0402602); 国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-03)

Analysis of Grain Filling Characteristics of Main Stem Spike of ‘Shimai 26’

GAO Xinmei1,2(), FU Xiaoyi1,2, GAO Zhenxian1,2, ZHAO Yankun1,2, SHI Zhanliang1,2, BAN Jinfu1,2, CAO Qiao1,2, LI Caihua1,2, SHAN Zilong1,2, ZHOU Yongbin3, HE Mingqi1,2()   

  1. 1 Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050800
    2 Wheat Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050800
    3 Crop Science Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2024-12-30 Revised:2025-03-15 Published:2025-11-18 Online:2025-11-18

摘要: 为了解析早熟丰产小麦品种‘石麦26’的穗部灌浆特性,本研究以稀播和密植条件下的‘石麦26’及密植条件下的亲本‘石优17’和‘济麦22’为材料,比较主茎穗结构与籽粒大小差异,并通过开花后旗叶和穗下茎遮阴处理,探究灌浆期籽粒营养物质的主要来源。结果发现:密植条件下,‘石麦26’主茎穗的平均穗粒干重、穗粒数与籽粒体积,较亲本分别高出了0.15~0.18 g、0.84~3.30粒、2.30~2.55 cm3,丰产性状突出。稀播条件下,旗叶或穗下茎遮阴后‘石麦26’最终穗粒干重均出现小幅度增加,增幅低于3.00%,表明其对源器官限制具有良好缓冲能力。密植条件下,所有参试品种在遮阴处理时的穗粒干重最终降幅超8.00%,提示‘石麦26’灌浆期籽粒营养物质更依赖穗下茎光合作用。综上,‘石麦26’穗部丰产性状突出,自身调节能力优,灌浆期籽粒营养主要来源于穗下茎光合产物,为其高产机理提供了理论依据。

关键词: ‘石麦26’, 亲本, 主茎穗, 灌浆, 密度, 穗粒干重, 遮阴

Abstract:

To analyze the grain filling characteristics of the early maturing and high-yield wheat variety 'Shimai 26', this study used 'Shimai 26' under sparse and dense planting and its parents 'Shiyou 17' and 'Jimai 22' under dense planting as materials to analyze the structure and grain size of the main stem panicle, and the shading of flag leaves and infrapanicle stems after anthesis was used to detect the source of grain nutrients at the grain filling stage. The results showed that the average dry weight, number of grains per spike, and grain volume of the main stem spike of 'Shimai 26' under dense planting were higher than those of its parents, with increases of 0.15-0.18 g, 0.84-3.30 grains, and 2.30-2.55 cm3, respectively. These indicated that 'Shimai 26' had prominent high-yield traits. During sparse sowing, 'Shimai 26' showed a slight increase in the final dry weight of the grains per ear under shading of flag leaf or stem under spike, with an increase rate of less than 3.00%. These results showed that 'Shimai 26' had good buffering capacity for source organ restriction. Under dense planting, the final decrease in dry weight of grains per ear for three varieties under shading treatment exceeded 8.00%, indicating that the grain nutrients at the filling stage of 'Shimai 26' were more dependent on the photosynthesis of the stem under the ear. In summary, 'Shimai 26' has prominent high-yield traits in the ear, good self-regulation ability, and a higher proportion of nutrients derived from photosynthesis in the stem under the ear, providing a theoretical basis for its high yield mechanism.

Key words: 'Shimai 26', parents, main stem spike, grain filling, density, grain dry weight, shading