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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (30): 1-7.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0678

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

施氮量对小麦叶绿素含量、农艺性状与产量的影响

杨蕙(), 张志辉, 马林, 黄倩楠, 张学慧, 登斯拉木·吐尔拜逊, 孙娜(), 邹辉()   

  1. 伊犁州农业科学研究所/伊犁州农作物育种及品质检测重点实验室, 新疆伊宁 835000
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-08 修回日期:2025-05-15 出版日期:2025-10-25 发布日期:2025-11-04
  • 通讯作者:
    邹辉,男,1970年出生,湖北武汉人,农艺师,本科,研究方向:小麦遗传育种与栽培。通信地址:835000 伊犁哈萨克自治州伊宁市尼勒克买里大街15号 新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州农业科学研究所,Tel:18040726936,E-mail:
    孙娜,女,1982年出生,吉林德惠人,高级农艺师,在读博士,研究方向:小麦遗传育种与栽培。通信地址:835000 伊犁哈萨克自治州伊宁市尼勒克买里大街15号 伊犁哈萨克自治州农业科学研究所,Tel:18509993321,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    杨蕙,女,1995年出生,甘肃天水人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向:小麦遗传育种与栽培。通信地址:835000 伊犁哈萨克自治州伊宁市尼勒克买里大街15号 伊犁哈萨克自治州农业科学研究所,Tel:18850744347,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    伊犁州科技计划项目“小麦氮高效品种的评价筛选及示范推广”(YZ2022A006); 伊犁州科技计划项目“尼勒克县地表水综合数智高效农用关键技术研究与示范”(YZD2024A01); 新疆现代农业小麦产业技术体系(XJARS-01)

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Chlorophyll Content, Agronomic Traits and Yield of Wheat

YANG Hui(), ZHANG Zhihui, MA Lin, HUANG Qiannan, ZHANG Xuehui, DENSLEM·Turbison, SUN Na(), ZOU Hui()   

  1. Yili Prefecture Institute of Agricultural Science/The Key Lab. of Crop Breeding and Quality Testing of Yili Prefecture, Yining, Xinjiang 835000
  • Received:2024-11-08 Revised:2025-05-15 Published:2025-10-25 Online:2025-11-04

摘要:

本研究旨在探索施氮量对伊犁河谷地区小麦叶绿素含量、农艺性状及产量的影响,深入剖析农艺性状与产量之间的关系。以该地区8个小麦主栽品种为材料,设置N1(180 kg/hm2)、N2(270 kg/hm2)和N3(360 kg/hm2)3个氮水平,结合田间试验和室内考种数据,运用相关性分析、灰色关联分析等方法,对施氮量、农艺性状与产量进行统计分析。结果表明,施氮量对灌浆后期叶绿素含量的影响最大;在180~270 kg/hm2施氮范围内,除主穗粒重和千粒重外,株高、穗数、穗粒数等农艺性状及产量均随施氮量增加而显著提升;相关分析表明,穗数与产量的正相关系数最大,而千粒重与产量呈负相关,但相关性不显著;农艺性状与产量的灰色关联度排序为主穗长(0.66)>小穗数(0.62)>株数(0.58)>地上部生物量(0.57)=旗叶SPAD值(0.57)>主穗粒重(0.54)=株高(0.54)>有效分蘖数(0.52);产量构成因子与产量的灰色关联度排序为穗数(0.74)>千粒重(0.56)>穗粒数(0.47)。相关性分析与灰色关联分析一致表明,对产量影响最大的是穗数;N2处理下,小麦叶绿素含量、农艺性状及产量综合表现最佳。

关键词: 小麦, 施氮量, 灌浆期, 叶绿素含量, 农艺性状, 产量

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the effects of nitrogen application rates on chlorophyll content, agronomic traits, and yield of wheat in the Yili River Valley region, and to further elucidate the relationship between agronomic traits and yield. Eight widely cultivated wheat varieties in the region were selected as experimental materials, and three nitrogen levels were established: N1 (180 kg/hm2), N2 (270 kg/hm2), and N3 (360 kg/hm2). Field trials and indoor seed inspection data were integrated with statistical methods, including correlation analysis and grey relational analysis, to examine the relationships among nitrogen application rates, agronomic traits, and yield. The results indicated that nitrogen application had the greatest effect on chlorophyll content during the late grain-filling stage. Within the range of 180-270 kg/hm2 nitrogen application, agronomic traits such as plant height, spike number, spikelet number per spike, as well as yield, increased with nitrogen rate, except for grain weight per main spike and 1000-grain weight. Among all traits, spike number exhibited the strongest positive correlation with yield, whereas 1000-grain weight showed a negative but non-significant correlation. The order of grey correlation degree between agronomic traits and yield was main spike length (0.66) > spikelet number (0.62) > plant number (0.58) > aboveground biomass (0.57) = flag leaf SPAD value (0.57) > main spike grain weight (0.54) = plant height (0.54) > effective tiller number (0.52). The order of grey correlation degree between yield components and yield was spike number (0.74) > 1000-grain weight (0.56) > grain number per spike (0.47). Both correlation analysis and grey relational analysis consistently demonstrated that spike number was the most influential factor affecting yield. Under the N2 treatment, chlorophyll content, agronomic performance, and yield of wheat were collectively optimized.

Key words: wheat, nitrogen application rate, grain-filling stage, chlorophyll content, agronomic traits, yield