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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 120-126.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0776

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

中稻抽穗扬花期高温干旱复合胁迫的脆弱性及气象致灾阈值研究

叶佩1(), 冯德豪2, 杨军3, 刘凯文2(), 陈思成4   

  1. 1 荆州农业气象试验站， 湖北荆州 434025
    2 湖北省气候中心， 武汉 430074
    3 江陵县气象局， 湖北荆州 434100
    4 徐州工业职业技术学院， 江苏徐州 221140
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-09 修回日期:2025-12-30 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-03-30
  • 通讯作者:
    刘凯文，男，1985年出生，湖北黄冈人，高级工程师，博士，研究方向：水产养殖气象服务。通信地址：430074 湖北省武汉市洪山区东湖东路3号 湖北省气象局，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    叶佩，女，1994年出生，湖北武汉人，工程师，硕士，研究方向：农业气象与气候变化。通信地址：434000 湖北省荆州市荆州区九阳大道20号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    湖北省自然科学基金气象联合基金项目“高温干旱复合胁迫对湖北省中稻的影响评估”(2022CFD126); 荆州市气象局面上科技发展基金项目“鱼塘水温、溶氧垂直梯度变化对气象因子响应机理研究”(JZ202507)

Study on Vulnerability and Meteorological Disaster Thresholds of High-Temperature and Drought Combined Stress During Heading and Flowering Stage of Mid-season Rice

YE Pei1(), FENG Dehao2, YANG Jun3, LIU Kaiwen2(), CHEN Sicheng4   

  1. 1 Jingzhou Agro-meteorology Experimental Station, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025
    2 Hubei Provincial Climate Center, Wuhan 430074
    3 Jiangling County Meteorological Bureau, Jingzhou, Hubei 434100
    4 Xuzhou Vocational College of Industrial Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221140
  • Received:2025-09-09 Revised:2025-12-30 Published:2026-03-25 Online:2026-03-30

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摘要：

为探究高温干旱复合胁迫对中稻抽穗扬花期产量和生理特性的影响，并明确其气象致灾阈值，本研究以荆州市主栽籼型两系杂交稻‘爽两优138号’为试验材料，设置对照组(CK)、高温组(T)、干旱组(D)及高温干旱复合胁迫组(T-D)，进行人工模拟胁迫处理。通过分析不同胁迫程度下中稻产量和生理特性的变化，确定了气象致灾指标与阈值，并构建了基于气象因子的复合灾害评估模型。结果表明：高温干旱复合胁迫对水稻产量和生理的抑制作用显著高于单一胁迫，且在正常播期（二期）的影响较推迟播期（四期）更为显著。与CK组相比，T-D处理导致籽粒产量平均下降70.36%，穗总粒数、结实率、千粒重分别降低40.53%、53.05%、19.43%，SPAD降低12.3%，表明高温与干旱具有协同增强效应。通径分析显示，抽穗扬花期高温干旱复合胁迫对水稻产量的影响程度依次为：结实率>穗总粒数>SPAD>千粒重>穗长>有效穗数。结实率是响应复合胁迫最敏感的产量因素，被确定为关键致灾指标，其气象致灾临界阈值为高温热积温80.8℃·d和20 cm土壤相对湿度34.4%。构建的基于高温热积温和土壤湿度的复合灾害评估模型显示，高温胁迫因子的贡献大于干旱，且高温能够加剧干旱的胁迫效应。本研究为水稻高温干旱复合灾害的监测预警及风险评估提供了技术支撑。

关键词: 中稻, 抽穗扬花期, 高温干旱, 结实率, 气象致灾阈值

Abstract:

To explore the effects of high-temperature and drought combined stress on the yield and physiological characteristics at heading and flowering stage of mid-season rice, and to determine the meteorological disaster threshold, this study used Jingzhou’s main indica hybrid rice variety, ‘Shuangliangyou 138’, as the experimental material. The experimental treatments included a control group (CK), high-temperature group (T), drought group (D), and combined high-temperature and drought stress group (T-D). Through the artificial simulation of stress conditions, the study analyzed the impacts of different stress levels on rice yield and physiological traits, and identified the meteorological disaster indicators and thresholds. A composite disaster evaluation model based on meteorological factors was established. Results showed that the high-temperature and drought combined stress had a significant greater inhibitory effect on rice yield and physiology than single stress, with more pronounced effects under normal sowing dates (phase II) than delayed sowing dates (phase IV). Compared to the CK group, the T-D treatment led to a 70.36% decrease in grain yield, with a reduction in total grain number per panicle, seed setting rate, and 1000-grain weight by 40.53%, 53.05%, and 19.43%, respectively, SPAD value decreased by 12.3%, indicating a synergistic enhancement effect between high temperature and drought. Path analysis showed that during the heading and flowering stage, the effect of high-temperature and drought combined stress on rice yield was most significantly influenced by seed setting rate, followed by total grain number per panicle, SPAD, 1000-grain weight, panicle length, and effective panicle number, and the seed setting rate was identified as the most sensitive yield factor and served as the key disaster indicator. The meteorological disaster threshold for this indicator was found to be a high-temperature thermal accumulation of 80.8℃·d and a 20 cm soil relative humidity of 34.4%. A composite disaster evaluation model based on high-temperature thermal accumulation and soil moisture was established, revealing that high-temperature stress contributed more to the yield loss than drought, and high temperature exacerbated the effects of drought. This research provides the technical support for the monitoring, early warning, and risk assessment of high-temperature and drought combined disasters in rice cultivation.

Key words: mid-season rice, heading and flowering stage, high-temperature and drought, seed setting rate, meteorological disaster threshold