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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 141-152.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0761

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同栽培模式下切花月季根际养分含量和微生物多样性研究

王丽花1(), 晏慧君1, 杨秀梅1, 廖家伟1, 段金辉2, 王慧纯1, 陈敏1, 杨维1, 王其刚1()   

  1. 1 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所/云南省花卉育种重点实验室/国家观赏园艺工程技术研究中心， 昆明 650205
    2 云南云秀花卉有限公司， 云南通海 652700
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-07 修回日期:2026-03-15 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 通讯作者:
    王其刚，男，1977年出生，云南陆良人，研究员，硕士，主要从事切花月季高效栽培技术研究工作。通信地址：650205 云南昆明盘龙区北京路2238号，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    王丽花，女，1977年出生，云南祥云人，研究员，主要从事花卉病虫害防控及质量控制技术研究工作。通信地址：650205 云南昆明盘龙区北京路2238号 省农科院花卉所，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    云南省科技人才与平台计划“云南省花卉技术创新中心”; 国家重点研发计划“月季高产新品种选育与高效生产技术研发及集成示范”(2023YFD2300901); 云南省高层次科技人才及创新团队选拔专项“云南省月季种质资源研究与利用创新团队”(202305AS350002)

Study on Rhizosphere Nutrient Content and Microbial Diversity of Cut Rose Under Different Cultivation Modes

WANG Lihua1(), YAN Huijun1, YANG Xiumei1, LIAO Jiawei1, DUAN Jinhui2, WANG Huichun1, CHEN Min1, YANG Wei1, WANG Qigang1()   

  1. 1 Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Science/ Yunnan Key Laboratory for Flower Breeding/National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming 650205
    2 Yunnan Yunxiu Flower Co., Ltd., Tonghai, Yunnan 652700
  • Received:2025-09-07 Revised:2026-03-15 Published:2026-04-15 Online:2026-04-15

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摘要：

云南切花月季主产区存在基质栽培与土壤栽培根际环境差异机制不明确、水肥精准管理缺乏科学依据的难题。本研究以切花月季品种‘粉红雪山’为材料，在相同设施条件下，系统比较基质栽培与土壤栽培对根际养分状况及微生物群落结构的影响。采用高通量测序技术分析根际微生物多样性，同步测定14种有效态养分含量。结果表明，2种栽培模式下根际微生物多样性、物种分布及养分含量差异显著。相较于土壤栽培，基质栽培根际真菌与细菌的OTU数分别提高27.03%和28.88%，总物种数增加9.75%，真菌与细菌的Alpha多样性指数Feature、Ace、Chao1、Simpson、Shannon、PD whole tree均显著提升，增幅分别为27.03%和27.03%、30.74%和28.37%、30.65%和26.52%、13.58%和0%、24.12%和3.38%、20.11%和35.49%；基质栽培显著富集罗兹菌门、变形菌门、拟杆菌门、酸杆菌门及伯克霍尔德氏科、芽孢杆菌属等有益促生菌类群，同时降低了致病真菌的相对丰度。对14种主要有效态营养元素的分析表明，土壤栽培在有效磷、有效硫、有效铁、有效硼的富集方面更具优势，而基质栽培则更利于交换性钠、有效镁、有效锰的积累。在生产表现上，基质栽培单株有效花枝产量显著提升（土壤栽培2~4枝/茬，基质栽培4~6枝/茬），产花周期缩短8 d，植株生长势更旺盛。综上，基质栽培通过优化根际微生物群落结构可提升有益菌丰度，实现养分精准供给，更利于切花月季高产稳产栽培。本研究结果可为切花月季栽培模式选择、根际环境调控与水肥精准管理提供科学参考，未来可进一步开展多品种验证与功能菌群应用研究。

关键词: 栽培模式, 切花月季, 基质栽培, 土壤栽培, 根际, 养分含量, 微生物多样性

Abstract:

The mechanisms underlying rhizosphere environment differences between substrate culture and soil culture remain unclear in the major cut rose production areas of Yunnan, and precise water and fertilizer management lacks scientific support. This study investigated the effects of different cultivation systems on rhizosphere nutrient status and microbial community structures. Using the cut rose cultivar ‘Fenhong Xueshan’ as the experimental material, a systematic comparison was conducted under identical greenhouse conditions. High-throughput sequencing was employed to analyze rhizosphere microbial diversity, and the concentrations of 14 available nutrients were simultaneously determined. The results showed significant divergence in rhizosphere microbial diversity, species distribution, and nutrient contents between the two cultivation modes. Compared with soil cultivation, substrate cultivation increased the numbers of fungal and bacterial OTUs by 27.03% and 28.88%, respectively, with a 9.75% increase in total species count. Analysis of the Feature, Ace, Chao1, Simpson, Shannon, and PD whole tree indices for fungi and bacteria revealed that substrate cultivation increased these values by 27.03% and 27.03%, 30.74% and 28.37%, 30.65% and 26.52%, 13.58% and 0%, 24.12% and 3.38%, and 20.11% and 35.49%, respectively, compared to soil cultivation. Substrate cultivation significantly enhanced rhizosphere microbial populations and promoted the proliferation of functional growth-promoting microbes, including Burkholderiaceae, Rozellomycota, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Acidobacteria, while effectively suppressing pathogenic fungi. Analysis of 14 primary available nutrients revealed that soil cultivation favored the accumulation of available phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), and boron (B), whereas substrate cultivation promoted the accumulation of exchangeable sodium (Na), available magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn). Regarding production performance, substrate cultivation significantly increased the number of effective flower shoots per plant (each season 4-6 flower shoots vs. 2-4 shoots in soil), shortened the flowering cycle by 8 days, and exhibited stronger plant growth vigor. In conclusion, substrate cultivation optimizes the rhizosphere microbial structure, increases the abundance of beneficial microbes, and facilitates precise nutrient supply, making it more suitable for the high and stable yield of cut roses. These findings provide a scientific basis for cultivation mode selection, rhizosphere regulation, and precise fertigation management. Future research may focus on multi-cultivar validation and the application of functional microbial communities.

Key words: cultivation modes, cut rose, substrate cultivation, soil cultivation, rhizosphere, nutrient content, microbial diversity