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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 8-16.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0720

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

谷子种肥同播模式下适宜肥料类型研究

鲁一薇1(), 赵宇1, 夏雪岩1, 焦海涛2, 赵丽娟3, 刘建军4, 崔纪菡1()   

  1. 1 河北省农林科学院谷子研究所， 国家谷子改良中心， 河北省杂粮研究实验室， 石家庄 050035
    2 河北省农业机械化研究所有限公司， 石家庄 050035
    3 邯郸市种子管理站， 河北邯郸 056000
    4 河北省杂粮产业技术研究院， 河北东粮农业科技股份有限公司， 河北邯郸 056000
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-21 修回日期:2026-03-25 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-06-23
  • 通讯作者:
    崔纪菡，女，1987年出生，山东临沂人，副研究员，博士，研究方向：作物栽培。通信地址：050035 河北省石家庄市高新技术开发区恒山街162号谷子所，Tel：0311-87672505，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    鲁一薇，女，1996年出生，河北石家庄人，科研助理，硕士研究生，研究方向：作物栽培。通信地址：050030 河北省石家庄市高新区恒山街162号 河北省农林科学院谷子研究所，Tel：0311-67978525，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    河北省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目——农机与绿色生产岗位(HBCT2024080203); 河北省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目——配套农机研制与筛选岗位(HBCT2024070202); 河北省农林科学院基本科研业务费包干制项目“谷子绿色高效施肥关键技术研究”(HBNKY-BGZ-02); 国家谷子高粱产业技术体系项目“传统旱作技术挖掘与创新岗位项目”(CARS-06-14.5-A23)

Study on Suitable Fertilizer Types for Simultaneous Planting of Millet Seeds and Fertilizers

LU Yiwei1(), ZHAO Yu1, XIA Xueyan1, JIAO Haitao2, ZHAO Lijuan3, LIU Jianjun4, CUI Jihan1()   

  1. 1 Minor Cereal Crops Research Laboratory of Hebei Province/ National Foxtail Millet Improvement Center/ Institute of Millet Crops of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035
    2 Hebei Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang 050035
    3 Handan Seed Management Station, Handan, Hebei 056000
    4 Hebei Academy of Miscellaneous Grain Industry Technology, Hebei Dongliang Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Handan, Hebei 056000
  • Received:2025-08-21 Revised:2026-03-25 Published:2026-06-25 Online:2026-06-23

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摘要：

为提升谷子种肥同播技术的应用效果，本研究开展了不同肥料类型在该模式下的适宜性研究。采用脲甲醛缓释复合肥(N)、涂层包膜控释掺混肥(B)、海藻网膜控释掺混肥(H)、普通复合肥(CK) 4种肥料，评估其对谷子生长发育、产量及土壤养分的影响，并通过RDA和Mantel分析揭示了关键影响因素。结果表明：谷子生长前期，N处理的根部干物重显著低于其他3种肥料处理，但其根系和茎叶干物重在抽穗期至成熟期呈逐渐增加趋势。相比CK处理，N处理在成熟期土壤硝态氮(NO3--N)含量最低，铵态氮(NH4+-N)、速效钾含量(AK)和有效磷含量(AP)在开花期最低，分别降低36.6%、75.77%、10%、62.15%。在产量方面，肥料处理表现为B>H>CK>N，相比普通复合肥，B和H处理产量分别增加6.82%、5.45%。RDA和Mantel分析表明，开花期的NH4+-N和AP，以及成熟期0~60 cm土层的NH4+-N、NO3--N、0~40 cm土层的pH促进产量提高，这表明，不同肥料类型导致的土壤速效养分水平差异是影响谷子产量的重要因素。尤其是在谷子生长后期，以氮、磷元素为主的营养供给至关重要，表层土壤的pH是影响产量的关键因子。综合来看，在谷子种肥同播模式下，涂层包膜控释掺混肥在促进谷子生长发育和提升产量方面，优于脲甲醛缓释复合肥和普通复合肥。

关键词: 种肥同播, 谷子, 新型肥料, 土壤养分, 产量

Abstract:

To enhance the efficacy of simultaneous planting of millet seeds and fertilizers, a study was conducted to identify the most suitable fertilizer types for this model. The study evaluated the impacts of four types of fertilizers, including urea-formaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer (N), coated controlled-release mixed fertilizer (B), seaweed membrane controlled-release mixed fertilizer (H), and ordinary compound fertilizer (CK), on millet growth, yield, and soil nutrient levels. The results showed that during the early growth stage, the root dry weight of millet under the N treatment was significantly lower than that of the other three treatments. However, from heading to maturity, both root and stem-leaf dry weights gradually increased across all treatments. Throughout the entire growth period, the root and ear dry weights under the CK treatment were the lowest. At maturity, the soil NO3--N content under the N treatment was the lowest, being 36.6% lower than that of the CK treatment. The NH4+-N, available potassium, and effective phosphorus contents under the N treatment were also the lowest during the flowering stage, with reductions of 75.77%, 10%, and 62.15%, respectively, compared to the B treatment. In terms of yield, fertilizer B outperformed H, CK, and N, with yields from the B and H treatments being 6.82% and 5.45% higher, respectively, compared to CK. RDA and Mantel analyses identified several key factors that promoted yield improvement, including NH4+-N and effective phosphorus content during flowering, as well as NH4+-N and pH levels in various soil layers at maturity. The differences in soil nutrient levels caused by the different fertilizers were important factors affecting millet yield. In the later stages of growth, the plants were primarily supplied with nitrogen and phosphorus, and the pH of the surface soil emerged as a key factor influencing yield. Under the mechanized seeding and fertilization model, fertilizer B had a more positive effect on millet growth and yield compared to fertilizers N and CK.

Key words: simultaneous planting of seeds and fertilizers, millet, new type of fertilizer, soil nutrient, yield

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