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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 17-22.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0841

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

冬油菜干物质积累和产量对肥料运筹的响应

刘哲文1(), 王露曼1, 梁丽鹏1, 底翠1, 任行1, 付立杰2, 田东良1, 田国英1, 付雅丽1()   

  1. 1 石家庄市农林科学研究院， 石家庄 050049
    2 石家庄市行唐县原种场， 石家庄 050600
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-02 修回日期:2026-04-26 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-06-23
  • 通讯作者:
    付雅丽，女，1975年出生，河北唐山人，研究员，硕士，研究方向：油菜育种与栽培。E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    刘哲文，男，1997年出生，河北石家庄人，助理研究员，硕士，研究方向：油菜育种与栽培。通信地址：050049 河北省石家庄市长安区胜利北街479号 石家庄市农林科学研究院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    河北省现代农业产业技术体系“特色油料创新团队项目”(HBCT2024050401); 河北省现代农业产业技术体系“特色油料创新团队项目”(HBCT2024050402); 河北省现代农业产业技术体系“特色油料创新团队项目”(HBCT2024050405); 石家庄市级产业技术体系“创新战略联盟建设补助经费项目”(2527900902A)

Response of Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Winter Rapeseed to Fertilizer Management

LIU Zhewen1(), WANG Luman1, LIANG Lipeng1, DI Cui1, REN Hang1, FU Lijie2, TIAN Dongliang1, TIAN Guoying1, FU Yali1()   

  1. 1 Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050049
    2 Original Seed Farm in Xingtang County, Shijiazhuang 050600
  • Received:2025-10-02 Revised:2026-04-26 Published:2026-06-25 Online:2026-06-23

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摘要：

为明确北方白菜型冬油菜最佳肥料运筹方案，理清不同复合肥种类和施用量对冬油菜干物质积累和产量的影响，实现绿色高效生产。试验以河北地区登记的白菜型冬油菜‘天油1358’为研究对象，分别设置平衡肥(C1)、油菜专用肥(C2)2种类型复合肥，150 kg/hm2(N1)、300 kg/hm2(N2)、450 kg/hm2(N3)、600 kg/hm2(N4)、750 kg/hm2(N5)、900 kg/hm2(N6)、1050 kg/hm2(N7)7个施肥水平，于2023—2024年探究冬油菜干物质和产量对肥料运筹的响应。结果表明：（1）平衡肥在N5处理、油菜专用肥在N4处理能够显著提高产量构成因素，从而提高籽粒产量。（2）在相同施肥量下，油菜专用肥干物质积累量高于平衡肥，施用油菜专用肥在一定程度上能促进油菜成熟期干物质积累量，提高其对籽粒产量的贡献量，但施肥量过多未能进一步提高油菜各营养器官干物质积累量。（3）冬油菜植株干物质主要分配于茎枝、角果壳和籽粒中，不同器官干物质积累量表现为茎枝>角果壳>籽粒>根系。结果表明，油菜专用肥更有利于油菜产量干物质的积累，从而促进产量的增加。本研究的7种施肥量中，平衡肥750 kg/hm2和油菜专用肥600 kg/hm2施用水平的油菜产量最高，且干物质积累量最高，能有效促进籽粒产量的形成。未来可开展分期施肥与专用肥养分机理研究，进一步提升肥料利用效率。

关键词: 冬油菜, 复合肥, 施肥量, 农艺性状, 干物质积累, 产量构成, 肥料运筹

Abstract:

The study aimed to clarify the optimal fertilizer management scheme for winter rapeseed of the Chinese cabbage type in northern regions, and to understand the effects of different types and application rates of compound fertilizers on the dry matter accumulation and yield of winter rapeseed, thereby achieving green and efficient production. The experiment was conducted using winter rapeseed cultivar ‘Tianyou 1358’, a registered variety in Hebei Province, as the test material. Two compound fertilizer types were set: balanced fertilizer (C1) and rapeseed-specific fertilizer (C2), alongside seven application rates: 150 kg/hm2 (N1), 300 kg/hm2 (N2), 450 kg/hm2 (N3), 600 kg/hm2 (N4), 750 kg/hm2 (N5), 900 kg/hm2 (N6), and 1050 kg/hm2 (N7). The responses of dry matter accumulation and yield of winter rapeseed to fertilizer management were examined during the 2023-2024 growing season. The results indicated that: (1) the balanced fertilizer applied at the N5 rate and the rapeseed-specific fertilizer applied at the N4 rate significantly enhanced yield components, thereby increasing seed yield. (2) At the same application rate, the dry matter accumulation of rapeseed treated with rapeseed-specific fertilizer was higher than that with balanced fertilizer. The application of rapeseed-specific fertilizer promoted dry matter accumulation at the maturity stage to a certain extent and increased its contribution to seed yield; however, excessive fertilizer application failed to further improve dry matter accumulation in various vegetative organs. (3) Dry matter in winter rapeseed plants was primarily distributed in stems/branches, pod shells, and seeds, with the order of dry matter accumulation across organs being stems/branches> pod shells> seeds> roots. In conclusion, considering the yield-determining factors of winter rapeseed, rapeseed-specific fertilizer is more favorable for dry matter accumulation related to yield, thereby facilitating yield improvement. Among the seven fertilizer rates tested, the application rates of 750 kg/hm2 for balanced fertilizer and 600 kg/hm2 for rapeseed-specific fertilizer resulted in the highest rapeseed yield and dry matter accumulation, effectively promoting seed yield formation.

Key words: winter rapeseed, compound fertilizer, fertilizer amount, agronomic traits, dry matter accumulation, yield components, fertilizer management

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