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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (15): 140-149.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0253

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

长沙植烟土壤质地状况及其对烤烟产量与品质的影响

刘琼峰1,2(), 谷雨1,2(), 周峻宇1,2, 赵阿娟3, 陈鸽1,2, 周世民3, 吴海勇1,2, 翟争光3, 李海露1,2, 袁熙军4   

  1. 1 湖南省耕地与农业环境生态研究所, 长沙 410125
    2 岳麓山实验室, 长沙 410128
    3 湖南省烟草公司长沙市公司, 长沙 410011
    4 长沙市望城区高塘岭街道农业综合服务中心, 长沙 410299
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-02 修回日期:2026-07-20 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-13
  • 通讯作者:
    谷雨,女,1986年出生,湖南长沙人,助理研究员,博士,主要从事土壤资源利用研究。通信地址:410125 湖南省长沙市芙蓉区马坡岭 远大二路730号 湖南省耕地与农业环境生态研究所,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    刘琼峰,女,1979年出生,湖南邵东人,副研究员,博士,主要从事土壤资源利用与3S技术应用研究。通信地址:410125湖南省长沙市芙蓉区马坡岭远大二路730号 湖南省耕地与农业环境生态研究所,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    湖南省烟草公司长沙市公司科技项目“长沙植烟土壤肥力监测与施肥优化关键技术研究”(20-24A04); 湖南省自然科学基金“湖南典型水稻土对畜禽养殖固体废弃物氮磷的消纳能力研究”(2020JJ4411)

Effects of Soil Texture Status on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco in Changsha Tobacco-growing Areas

LIU Qiongfeng1,2(), GU Yu1,2(), ZHOU Junyu1,2, ZHAO Ajuan3, CHEN Ge1,2, ZHOU Shimin3, WU Haiyong1,2, ZHAI Zhengguang3, LI Hailu1,2, YUAN Xijun4   

  1. 1 Hunan Institute of Agricultural Soil and Eco-environment, Changsha 410125
    2 Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128
    3 Changsha Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha 410011
    4 Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center, Gaotangling Sub-district, Wangcheng District, Changsha City, Changsha 410299
  • Received:2026-04-02 Revised:2026-07-20 Published:2026-08-15 Online:2026-08-13

摘要:

为探究长沙烟区土壤质地状况及其对烤烟产量与品质的影响,本研究选取长沙烟区401个典型烟田样点为对象,通过土壤普查、野外采样和室内分析,评估了不同土壤质地连续3 a的土壤养分状况、烤烟经济性状及烟叶常规化学成分,并分析了它们之间的相关性。结果表明:长沙烟区土壤质地以黏土类和黏壤土类为主,壤土类占比较小。土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量总体适宜;全氮含量适中、全磷偏低,全钾含量在壤土类中最高。黏土类土壤种植烤烟的产量和产值最高,而壤土类土壤的产量和上等烟比例相对较低。不同质地土壤烤烟上、中部叶片的化学成分多在适宜范围内。其中,上部烟叶的总糖、还原糖含量高低顺序为壤土类>黏壤土类>黏土类;壤土类土壤种植的烤烟全氮和全钾含量最高。中部烟叶中,壤土类总糖含量偏高;糖碱比、氮碱比和钾氯比大部分在适宜范围内。总体上,不同质地土壤种植的烟叶,其化学成分比例协调性表现为黏土类>黏壤土类>壤土类。长沙烟区黏土类土壤种植的烟叶,化学成分比例协调性最优,这表明黏土类土壤在该地区具有成为烤烟关键种植土壤类型的巨大潜力。

关键词: 植烟土壤, 土壤质地, 养分状况, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To investigate the soil texture conditions in the Changsha tobacco region and their effects on flue-cured tobacco yield and quality, this study selected 401 representative field plots across the area. Through soil surveys, field sampling, and laboratory analysis, the authors evaluated soil nutrient status, economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco, and conventional chemical composition of tobacco leaves over three consecutive years for different soil textures, and analyzed their interrelationships. The results showed that clay and loam-clay soils were predominant in the Changsha tobacco region, while loamy soils accounted for a smaller proportion. Soil pH, organic matter, available nitrogen, effective phosphorus, and rapidly available potassium levels were generally suitable; total nitrogen was moderate, total phosphorus relatively low, and total potassium highest in loamy soils. Tobacco grown in clay soils yielded the highest production and value, whereas yields and proportions of top-grade tobacco were relatively lower in loamy soils. Chemical compositions of upper and middle leaves from different soil types mostly fell within desirable ranges. Specifically, total sugar and reducing sugar contents in upper leaves ranked as loamy > loam-clay > clay soils. Flue-cured tobacco grown in loamy soils had the highest total nitrogen and total potassium content. In middle leaves, total sugar content was slightly higher in loamy soils, while sugar-alkali ratio, nitrogen-alkali ratio, and potassium-chlorine ratio were mostly within optimal ranges. Overall, the balance of chemical composition in tobacco leaves varied by soil texture, ranking as clay > loam-clay > loamy soils. Tobacco leaves grown in clay soils in the Changsha region exhibited the best compositional balance, indicating that clay soils have great potential to become a key tobacco-growing soil type in this region.

Key words: tobacco-planting soil, soil texture, nutrient status, yield, quality

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