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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (15): 36-47.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-1009

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

植物辐射育种和航天育种研究现状与热点分析

施秀娟1(), 赵锐明1, 齐耀东2, 栗孟飞1, 魏雪苹2()   

  1. 1 甘肃农业大学农学院/省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室, 兰州 730070
    2 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所, 北京 100193
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-30 修回日期:2026-05-16 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-13
  • 通讯作者:
    魏雪苹,女,1986年出生,山东济南人,副研究员,博士,研究方向:药用植物资源学。通信地址:100193 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    施秀娟,女,2001年出生,甘肃岷县人,硕士研究生,研究方向:药用植物育种与生态研究。通信地址:730070 甘肃省兰州市甘肃农业大学农学院省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    宁波市重点研发计划暨“揭榜挂帅”项目(2023Z120)

Research Progress and Emerging Trends in Plant Radiation Breeding and Space Breeding

SHI Xiujuan1(), ZHAO Ruiming1, QI Yaodong2, LI Mengfei1, WEI Xueping2()   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070
    2 Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193
  • Received:2025-12-30 Revised:2026-05-16 Published:2026-08-15 Online:2026-08-13

摘要:

为揭示植物辐射育种及航天育种领域的发展脉络、研究热点与前沿趋势,辨析主要技术方法的优缺点与应用,本研究基于CNKI和Web of Science核心合集数据库,检索2004—2024年的相关文献,综合运用CiteSpace和VOSviewer等工具,对发文量、国家、关键词等进行文献计量与可视化分析。结果表明:共纳入有效文献2421篇(中文1335篇,英文1086篇)。该领域研究呈稳步上升趋势,中国发文量(314篇)全球领先,美国文献的平均被引量(24.66)最高。研究热点聚焦于γ射线、重离子束等诱变方法在水稻、小麦等作物中的突变体创制与性状改良。与传统作物相比,药用植物的相关研究明显滞后,仅占总体的11.2%,且多集中于表型筛选与成分测定,在遗传机制解析、专用育种技术体系建立与系统安全评价方面存在显著空白。综上,辐射与航天育种技术在主要农作物中的应用已趋于成熟,未来研究应着力于药用植物领域:(1)利用多组学技术深入解析诱变遗传机制;(2)建立针对药用植物的高效育种与筛选体系;(3)系统开展突变体药效学与安全性评价研究。以期为培育高产、优质、安全的药用植物新品种提供理论依据与技术支撑。

关键词: 文献计量学, 辐射育种, 航天育种, 药用植物, 研究热点

Abstract:

To elucidate the developmental trajectory, research hotspots, and frontier trends in the fields of plant radiation breeding and space breeding, as well as to analyze the advantages, disadvantages, and applications of key technical methods, this study retrieved relevant literature from 2004 to 2024 based on the CNKI and Web of Science core collection databases. Using tools such as CiteSpace and VOSviewer, a bibliometric and visual analysis was conducted on publication volume, countries, keywords, and other aspects. The results showed that a total of 2421 valid publications were included (1335 in Chinese and 1086 in English). Research in this field exhibited a steady upward trend, with China being the global leader in publication volume (314 papers), while the United States achieved the highest average number of citations per paper (24.66). Research hotspots focused on mutation methods such as γ-rays and heavy-ion beams for creating mutants and improving traits in crops like rice and wheat. Compared to conventional crops, research on medicinal plants lagged significantly, accounting for only 11.2% of the total, most studies in this area concentrated on phenotypic screening and component analysis, revealing notable gaps in genetic mechanism elucidation, specialized breeding system establishment, and systematic safety evaluation. In short, the application of radiation and space mutagenesis breeding technologies in major crops has become mature. Future research should prioritize medicinal plants from following aspects: (1) leveraging multi-omics technologies to deeply explore mutagenesis genetic mechanisms; (2) establishing efficient breeding and screening systems tailored to medicinal plants; (3) systematically conducting pharmacodynamics and safety evaluation studies on mutants. These efforts will provide theoretical foundations and technical support for breeding new varieties of medicinal plants that are high-yielding, high-quality, and safe.

Key words: bibliometrics, radiation breeding, space breeding, medicinal plants, research hotspots

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