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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (16): 209-218.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0721

• 水产·渔业 • 上一篇    

乌鳢、斑鳢及其正反交种线粒体全基因组的比较及其结构特征分析

代涵1,2(), 陈静2, 姚嘉赟2, 袁雪梅2, 黄雷2, 焦锦彪2, 黄飞3, 沈水娥4, 苏胜齐1(), 张海琪1,2()   

  1. 1 西南大学水产学院/农业农村部长江上游水生生物多样性保护研究中心/渔业资源环境研究中心, 重庆 400715
    2 浙江省淡水水产研究所/农业农村部淡水渔业健康养殖重点实验室/浙江省鱼类健康与营养重点实验室/湖州市渔业环境与水产品质量安全重点实验室, 浙江湖州 313001
    3 德清县禹越镇农业农村办公室, 浙江德清 313213
    4 德清县农业农村局, 浙江德清 313200
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-30 修回日期:2026-02-27 出版日期:2026-08-25 发布日期:2026-08-20
  • 通讯作者:
    苏胜齐,男,1969年出生,教授,主要从事内陆渔业资源与环境、生态渔业原理与技术研究。通信地址:400715 重庆市北碚区天生路2号 西南大学水产学院,E-mail:
    张海琪,男,1977年出生,研究员,主要从事水产动物病害防控研究。通信地址:313001 浙江省湖州市吴兴区杭长桥南路999号 浙江省淡水水产研究所,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    代涵,女,2001年出生,贵州兴义人,硕士研究生,研究方向:水产动物病害防控。通信地址:400715 重庆市北碚区天生路2号 西南大学水产学院,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    湖州市科技特派员项目“不同驯食条件对翘嘴鳜生长、存活的影响及驯食性状候选基因研究”(2023KT04)

Comparison of Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Structural Characteristics Analysis of Channa argus, Channa maculata, and Their Reciprocal Species

DAI Han1,2(), CHEN Jing2, YAO Jiayun2, YUAN Xuemei2, HUANG Lei2, JIAO Jinbiao2, HUANG Fei3, SHEN Shuie4, SU Shengqi1(), ZHANG Haiqi1,2()   

  1. 1 College of Fisheries, Southwest University/ Conservation and Research Center for Aquatic Biodiversity in the Upper Reaches of Yangtze River/ Research Center of Fishery Resources and Environment, Chongqing 400715
    2 Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries/ Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province/ Key Laboratory of Fishery Environment and Aquatic Product Quality and Safety of Huzhou City, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313001
    3 Yu Yue Town Agriculture and Rural Affairs Office, Deqing, Zhejiang 313213
    4 Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Deqing County, Deqing, Zhejiang 313200
  • Received:2025-08-30 Revised:2026-02-27 Published:2026-08-25 Online:2026-08-20

摘要:

乌鳢(Channa argus)和斑鳢(Channa maculata)是中国重要的本土鱼类,其正交种(斑鳢♀×乌鳢♂)和反交种(乌鳢♀×斑鳢♂)在实际生产中也表现出了良好的杂种优势。本研究采用Illumina测序技术对乌鳢、斑鳢及其正反交种的线粒体全基因组进行组装,并比较分析这4种鱼类的线粒体基因组结构特征和系统发育关系。结果表明,这4种鱼类的线粒体基因组大小均为16425 bp,且均包含13个蛋白编码基因(protein-coding genes,PCGs)、22个转运RNA基因(transfer RNAstRNAs)、2个核糖体RNA基因(ribosomal RNAsrRNAs)和1个非编码控制区(displacement-loop region,D-loop)。其中ND6、tRNAGln、tRNAAla、tRNAAsn、tRNACys、tRNATyr、tRNASer、tRNAGlutRNAPro均位于L链上,其余均位于H链上。此外,这4种鱼的线粒体基因组的碱基组成均呈现出较强的A+T偏向性。基于最大似然法的系统发育分析结果显示,受线粒体基因组的母系遗传特性影响,乌鳢与反交种具有最近的亲缘关系,其次是与正交种,而与斑鳢的亲缘关系稍远;鳢属鱼类共同聚为一枝,与鲈形目鱼类中的鰕虎鱼科(Gobiidae)亲缘关系较近;与鲤科(Cyprinidae)、鳚科(Blenniidae)和喉盘鱼科(Gobiesocidae)亲缘关系最远。本研究为鳢属鱼类的种质资源保护和新品种选育奠定了一定的理论基础。

关键词: 乌鳢, 斑鳢, 正反交, 线粒体基因组, 系统发育分析

Abstract:

Channa argus and Channa maculata are important indigenous fish species in China, and their orthogonal (C. maculata ♀×C. argus ♂) and backcross species (C. argus ♀×C. maculata ♂) also exhibit good hybrid advantages in actual production. In this study, Illumina sequencing technology was used to assemble the whole mitochondrial genomes of C. argus, C. maculata and their orthogonal and backcross species, and the mitochondrial genome structural characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of these four species were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the mitochondrial genomes of these four fish species were all 16425 bp in size and contained 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA), and 1 displacement-loop region (D-loop). Except for ND6, tRNAGln, tRNAAla,tRNAAsn, tRNACys, tRNATyr, tRNASer, tRNAGlu, andtRNAPro located on the light chain, the remaining component were located on the heavy chain. The nucleotide composition of the mitochondrial genomes of these four fish species exhibited strong A+T bias. Phylogenetic analysis based on the maximum likelihood method showed that, due to the matrilineal inheritance of the mitochondrial genome, Channa argusare most related to C. argus ♀×C. maculata ♂, followed by C. maculata ♀×C. argus ♂, and a little farther away from Channa maculata; Channa were clustered together as a branch, and are closer to the Gobiidae in the Perciformes; and most distantly related to the Cyprinidae, Blenniidae and Gobiesocidae. This study has built a certain theoretical foundation for the conservation of germplasm resources and the breeding of new varieties of Channa fish.

Key words: Channa argus, Channa maculata, reciprocal cross, mitochondrial genome, phylogenetic analysis

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