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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (16): 54-60.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0235

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆南疆棉花产业发展现状及品种特性分析

李春艳1(), 王飞2(), 付文敏3, 牛康康1, 王玮玮4, 刘梦丽5, 叶梦迪5   

  1. 1 新疆维吾尔自治区农业技术推广总站, 乌鲁木齐 830049
    2 新疆维吾尔自治区耕地质量保护监测中心, 乌鲁木齐 830049
    3 喀什地区农业农村局, 新疆喀什 844000
    4 新疆维吾尔自治区农药检定所(新疆维吾尔自治区农产品质量安全监督检验中心), 乌鲁木齐 830049
    5 新疆维吾尔自治区植物保护检疫站, 乌鲁木齐 830049
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-16 修回日期:2026-07-16 出版日期:2026-08-25 发布日期:2026-08-20
  • 通讯作者:
    王飞,男,1985年出生,河南镇平人,高级农艺师,硕士研究生,研究方向为土肥水新技术推广。通信地址:830049 新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市天山区胜利路157号 新疆维吾尔自治区耕地质量保护监测中心,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    李春艳,女,1991年出生,四川南部人,农艺师,硕士研究生,主要从事农业技术推广方面工作。通信地址:830049 新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市天山区胜利路157号 新疆维吾尔自治区农业技术推广总站,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区“三农”骨干人才培养项目“南疆棉花干播湿出技术与产品示范推广”(2023SNGG)

Analysis of Development Status and Variety Characteristics of Cotton Industry in Southern Xinjiang

LI Chunyan1(), WANG Fei2(), FU Wenmin3, NIU Kangkang1, WANG Weiwei4, LIU Mengli5, YE Mengdi5   

  1. 1 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Agricultural Technology Extension General Station, Urumqi 830049
    2 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Cultivated Land Quality Protection Monitoring Center, Urumqi 830049
    3 Kashgar Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Kashgar, Xinjiang 844000
    4 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Pesticide Testing Institute (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Supervision and Inspection Center), Urumqi 830049
    5 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Urumqi 830049
  • Received:2026-03-16 Revised:2026-07-16 Published:2026-08-25 Online:2026-08-20

摘要:

南疆是新疆棉花生产的核心区域,其产业发展态势与品种品质特性直接关乎新疆棉花产业高质量发展。目前针对南疆棉花产业发展现状及品种在产量与品质间的协同性仍缺乏系统性分析。本研究旨在厘清南疆近年来棉花产业的发展规律及品种特性演变趋势,为南疆棉花品种的科学选配、栽培技术优化及产业提质升级提供实践参考与理论支撑。以新疆南疆棉花主产区为研究对象,系统统计2019—2023年南疆五地州棉花种植面积、单产、总产等产业核心数据,结合“十四五”期间南疆审定的陆地棉品种及2025年主推品种的农艺性状、产量指标、抗病性及纤维品质特征开展综合分析,探究南疆棉花产业发展与品种特性的关联规律。研究表明,新疆南疆棉花产业规模保持稳定,单产水平持续提升。品种在熟性、株型等农艺性状上不断优化,机械化适配性显著增强,产业发展基础坚实。然而,产业发展仍面临黄萎病抗性品种供给不足、纤维品质与产量协同提升矛盾突出等关键问题。鉴于此,为实现南疆棉花产业提质增效,建议在产量与品质的协同改良上,重点推进抗逆优质新品种选育、区域种植布局优化、绿色标准化栽培技术集成推广,从而推动南疆棉花产业高质量、可持续发展。

关键词: 新疆南疆, 棉花产业, 品种选育, 品质特性, 高质量发展

Abstract:

Southern Xinjiang is the core region for cotton production in Xinjiang, where its industrial development trends and variety quality characteristics are directly linked to the overall high-quality development of the cotton industry. Currently, systematic analyses of the current state of cotton industrial development in southern Xinjiang and the coordination between variety yield and quality remain relatively scarce. This study aims to clarify the development patterns of the cotton industry and the evolutionary trends of variety characteristics in southern Xinjiang in recent years, providing practical references and theoretical support for the scientific selection of cotton varieties, optimization of cultivation techniques, and industrial quality upgrading. Taking the main cotton-producing areas in southern Xinjiang as the research subject, the study systematically collects core industrial data such as planting area, yield per unit area, and total yield of cotton across five prefectures in southern Xinjiang from 2019 to 2023. Combined with agronomic traits, yield indicators, disease resistance, and fiber quality characteristics of approved upland cotton varieties during the 14th Five-Year Plan period and the 2025 recommended varieties, a comprehensive analysis is conducted to explore the correlation between the development of the cotton industry and variety characteristics. The scale of the cotton industry in southern Xinjiang remains stable, with continuously improving yield levels and ongoing optimization of agronomic traits such as variety maturity and plant type, along with significantly enhanced mechanization compatibility. The industrial development foundation is solid, but challenges persist, including insufficient supply of disease-resistant varieties and prominent conflicts between fiber quality and yield improvement. In summary, enhancing the quality and efficiency of the cotton industry in southern Xinjiang requires coordinated improvement of both yield and quality, with a focus on comprehensive measures such as the breeding of stress-resistant, high-quality new varieties, optimization of regional planting layouts, and the integrated promotion of green standardized cultivation techniques to drive high-quality and sustainable development of the cotton industry in southern Xinjiang.

Key words: Southern Xinjiang, cotton industrial, variety breeding, quality characteristics, high-quality development

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