高温胁迫对蝴蝶兰幼苗形态和生理特性的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在40℃/30℃(d/n)高温条件下分别进行0d、2d、4d、6d 的处理，观察了蝴蝶兰幼苗的形态变化，研究了蝴蝶兰兰幼苗叶片某些生理生化指标的变化。结果表明，随胁迫时间的延长，超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)产生速率加快，丙二醛（MDA）含量增加，细胞膜脂过氧化作用明显加强；可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量逐渐增加；高温胁迫2d，可溶性蛋白质含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性迅速上升，但相对电导率的增加并不大，叶绿素含量的下降也较小，与对照处理的相比差异不显著，说明蝴蝶兰幼苗可通过增加可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量以及SOD、POD、CAT活性来提高其耐热性。之后可溶性蛋白含量、叶绿素含量以及SOD、POD、CAT活性显著下降，相对电导率急剧上升。

关键词: 作物, 作物, 产量潜力, 遗传改良, 光合特性

Abstract: Abstract: Phalaenopsis seedlings were treated with the temperature of 40℃(day)/30℃(night) for 0,2,4,6 day respectively,the morphological characteristics and several related physiological indexes in leaves of Phalaenopsis seedlings were determined.The results showed that generation rate of the superoxide free radical(O2-.),the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA),soluble sugar and free prolin were gradually increased with prolonging stress time;During the early 2 day of treatment,soluble protein content ,SOD,POD,CAT activities increased dramatically ,but relative electrical conductivity and chlorophyll content increased slightly.There were no significant difference for relative electrical conductivity and chlorophyll content between during 2 day of treatment and control.The results indicated that the heat tolerance of Phalaenopsis seedlings was improved by enhancing the contents of soluble protein,soluble sugar,free prolin and activities of SOD,POD,CAT.Then the contents of soluble protein,chlorophyll,the activities of SOD,POD and CAT decreased significantly, relative electrical conductivity ascended sharply.

杨华庚,陈慧娟. 高温胁迫对蝴蝶兰幼苗形态和生理特性的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2009, 25(11): 123-127.

Yang Huageng, Chen Huijuan. Effect of High Temperature Stress on Morphological and Physiological Characteristics in Leaves of Phalaenopsis Seedlings[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2009, 25(11): 123-127.

参考文献

参考文献
[1] 黄胜琴,李永涛,吕翠婷,等.蝴蝶兰花芽诱导过程中碳水化合物在叶与腋芽中的分配变化.园艺学报,2007,34(6):1515-1519.
[2] Blanchard M G, Runkle E S. Temperature during the day, but not during the night, controls flowering of Phalaenopsis orchids. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2006, 57(15): 4043-4049.
[3] 刘清涌,彭长荣.洋兰种养与鉴赏.辽宁:辽宁科学技术出版社,2006:14-18.
[4] Su WR,Chen WS, Koshioka M,et al. Changes in gibberellin（GA3） levels in the flowering shoot of Phalaenopsis hybrida under high temperature conditions when flower development is blocked. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2001, 39(1): 45-50.
[5] Chen WenShaw,Chang HsuehWen,Chen WenHuei, et al. Gibberellic acid and cytokinin affect Phalaenopsis flower morphology at high temperature. HortScience, 1997, 32(6): 1069-1073.
[6] Chou ChinChih, Chen WenShaw, Huang KuangLiang, et al. Changes in cytokinin levels of Phalaenopsis leaves at high temperature. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2000, 38(4): 309-314.
[7] Ali MB, Hahn EJ, Paek KY. Effects of temperature on oxidative stress defense systems,lipid peroxidation and lipoxygenase activity in phalaenopsis. Plant physiology and Biochemistry, 2005, 43(3):213-223.
[8] 高俊风.植物生理学实验指导.北京:高等教育出版社,2006:142-144;208-209; 211-213;221-222;228-231.
[9] 陈建勋,王晓峰.植物生理学实验指导.2版.广东:华南理工大学出版社,2006:72-73.
[10] 李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术.北京:高等教育出版社,2000:195-197.
[11] 张宪政.作物生理研究法.北京:中国农业出版社,1992:148-149.
[12] 张志良,瞿伟菁.植物生理学实验指导.3版.北京:高等教育出版社,2003:274-276.
[13] 许声涛,孙文香,田进平,等.植物热激蛋白HSP100/ClpB及其在提高植物抗热性和抗寒性中的应用.植物生理学通讯,2008,44(4):804-810.
[14] 张桂莲,陈立云,张顺堂,等.抽穗开花期高温对水稻剑叶理化特性的影响.中国农业科学,2007,40(7):1345-1352.
[15] Tewan A K, Tripathy B C. Temperature-stress-induced impaired of chlorophyll biosynthetic reaction in cucumber and wheat. Plant Physiol, 1998, 117:851-858.
[16] Crafts-Brander S J, Salvucci M E. Rubisco Constrains the Photosynthetic Potential of Leaves at High Temperature and CO2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2000, 97:13430-13435.
[17] 姜春明,尹燕枰,刘霞,等.不同耐热性小麦品种旗叶膜脂过氧化和保护酶活性对花后高温胁迫的响应.作物学报,2007,33(1):143-148.
[18] 伍泽堂.超氧自由基与叶片衰老时叶绿素破坏的关系.植物生理学通讯,1991,27(4):277-279.