Abstract: In this paper, the water quality status of Sand River Reservoir was monitored. The results were shown that the water quality of the reservoir reached the secondary water quality standard as a whole, but the total phosphorus exceeded this standard and appeared rising trend. It was found that the loss of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural production and the discharge of household garbage were the main factors that influenced the water quality in pollution sources investigation. The countermeasures of water environmental protection to realize economic development with environmental protection in harmony were also put forward