Abstract: To investigate the allelopathy among the plants in the desert ecosystem, this article summarized research achievements in this field in recent years, as well as the reported allelopathy plants, allelochemicals and alleochemicals’release way for the first time. It was considered that: (1) China’s research on desert plants’allelopathy was just at the beginning stage, and allelopathic potential plants were found in the Compositae, Leguminosae, Rosaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Gramineae; (2) the release way of desert plant allelochemicals was mainly natural volatilization, which was related with the growing environment, allelochemicals including alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids were identified; (3) finally, key problems of allelopathy plants research in desert ecosystem were pointed out, and the theoretical and practical bases for reasonable protection of desert plants and comprehensive control of desertification were put forward.