Abstract: To suppress the deterioration of the water quality of Shuifeng Lake and control the pollution effectively from the source, this study carried on an investigation of the pollution load distribution and the evaluation of the ecological security of the basin, aiming to provide theoretical evidence for the water environmental management through the analysis of the source, components and distribution of the pollutants into the lake. The results showed that: non-point source including livestock and poultry breeding and planting contributed much more than industrial point source in the discharge of COD, TN and TP; and the amount of pollutants into the Shuifeng Lake exhibited obviously seasonal characteristic; the ecological security index of the Shuifeng Lake was evaluated to be in the safe zone based on the eco-security assessment with the model of “drive-pressure-state-impact-response”(DPSIR), however, pollution control was in urgent need due to the water quality deterioration. Therefore, the study put forward that pollution control measures should be emphatically launched from the inflowing rivers, livestock and poultry breeding, and crop planting based on the actual situation.