Abstract: China is a big agriculture country for rice planting, and produces large quantities of straw annually, which could be used in resource recycling. Returning into soil directly is a common approach of straw resource recycling and a way to reduce the straw- burning effectively. However, with the pollution of heavy metal cadmium (Cd) in paddy soil increasingly, the degree of straw contaminated by Cd is also increased, which leads to the accumulation of Cd in rice straw, so returning straw to soil directly could bring Cd accumulated in rice straw back to soil again. On the other hand, there are many active organic matters produced during the progress of decomposition of straw, which have complicated effects on the activity of Cd in soil-plant system. It deserves further study on the effect of straw returning on transfer and accumulation of Cd in soil-plant system. The authors introduced Cd pollution in rice straw at present, especially summarized the influences on soil physical and chemical properties such as soil organic matter, pH value and the available content of Cd after straw returning. Returning straw back to soil could increase yield and also the risk of Cd enrichment. Finally, the article pointed out some practical problems for considering, and discussed the prospect of safe utilization of