Abstract: In order to discuss the occurrence of rice false smut of different panicle types of japonica rice in Heilongjiang Province and its correlation with the disease, hole disease rate, spike disease rate, disease index, resistance frequency, spatial distribution of diseased grains and the characteristics of primary and secondary branches, etc. were investigated and analyzed by field natural susceptibility method. The results indicated that, different panicle type rices had different disease degrees, hole disease rate, spike disease rate and disease index of curved panicle type were the lowest, semi-straight panicle type was the second, and the straight panicle type was the highest, the occurrence of rice false smut was straight panicle type ＞ semi-straight panicle type ＞curved panicle type. 10.76% varieties of the curved panicle type showed immunity, 70.59% showed resistance, 52.13% of the semi-straight panicle type showed resistance and 19.62% of the straight panicle type showed resistance. The distribution of diseased grains in different panicle types of rice was different, the distribution of diseased grains in curved and semi-straight panicle rices were middle ＞ upper ＞ lower, and that of straight ear was middle > lower > upper, and the three kinds of panicle diseased grains are mainly grown on the secondary branches. Correlation analysis showed that the secondary branch number of straight panicle type was significantly positive correlated with disease index, the secondary branch length of semi-straight panicle varieties was significantly negatively correlated with disease index, and the number of secondary branch of straight panicle varieties was significantly positive correlated with disease index.