Green Control Measures of Weeds in Wheat Field in the Yellow River Irrigation Area of Hetao

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0712

Abstract

Abstract:

To solve the problem of green prevention and control of weeds in wheat field, based on the observation of the competition between wheat and weeds in the wheat field of the Yellow River irrigation area of Hetao, an experiment was conducted to determine the effects of green control measures and wheat yields of different wheat varieties under different planting densities, organic fertilizers, tillage times and mulching methods. The results showed that the weeds unearthed more than 10 days later than wheat in wheat fields damaged by Chenopodium album, Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Echinochloa crusgalli. Weeds were mainly distributed between rows (holes), and the number of plants accounted for 66.6% (planting in drill) and 97.6% (hole seeding) respectively. The growth of weeds in rows (holes) was relatively weak, and the fresh weight of individual plant was lower than that between rows (holes) by 39.3% to 41.9%, the effect of ecological weed control was obvious in the early stage of wheat growth. Among the green weed control measures, except the insignificant difference in the effect of varieties and planting densities on weed control, the other measures had obvious weed control effects. Comprehensive comparison showed that black mulching full film mulching hole seeding, conventional film mulching hole seeding, increasing the number of tillage and organic fertilizer without weed seed pollution had the control effects of the plants’ number of 82.3%, 71.7%, 22.0%, 8.6%, respectively, and their fresh weight control effects were 98.0%, 97.1%, 23.9%, 9.6%, respectively. Black mulching full film mulching hole seeding, conventional film mulching hole seeding, and increasing the number of tillage increased wheat yield by 69.4%, 56.4%, and 21.1% respectively, which could realize the purpose of mechanized green grass control of organic wheat production and low-cost, high-yield and large-scale production.

Key words: the Yellow River Irrigation Area of Hetao, wheat weed, green control, organic wheat, film mulching hole seeding

CLC Number:

S451.1

Wen Aiqing, Zhang Jiancheng, Yang Lei, Liu Jing. Green Control Measures of Weeds in Wheat Field in the Yellow River Irrigation Area of Hetao[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(25): 115-120.

Figures/Tables 10

References 28

[1]	赵俊晔, 于振文. 我国小麦生产现状与发展小麦生产能力的思考[J]. 农业现代化研究, 2005,26(5):344-348.
[2]	李世宝. 内蒙古河套地区小麦适宜性评价研究[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2016,44(15):67-70.
[3]	吴翠霞, 刘伟堂, 路兴涛, 等. 河南省3种麦田阔叶杂草对苯磺隆的抗性[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2016,36(9):1264-1268.
[4]	郭文磊, 赵宁, 李伟, 等. 山东省小麦田看麦娘对甲基二磺隆的抗性及其基因突变[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2016,36(12):1688-1694.
[5]	强胜. 杂草学(第二版)[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2011.
[6]	王慧敏. 河套地区主要农田杂草种类及其防除技术[J]. 内蒙古农业科技, 2015,43(3):66-67.
[7]	张壬午, 张洪生, 张汝安. 中国环境保护与农业可持续发展[M]. 北京: 北京出版社, 2001.
[8]	吴佳文. 秋播小麦田杂草绿色防控技术(上)[J]. 农家致富, 2019.
[9]	刘华林. 小麦田除草技术应用及科学选药施药[J]. 农业与技术, 2020(16):32-33.
[10]	章超武. 农田杂草种子库群落及绿色防治措施研究[D]. 南京:南京农业大学, 2011: 6.
[11]	曹瑛, 范变娥, 冯渊博, 等. 西安市粮食作物田土壤杂草种子库研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2011,26(18):260-263.
[12]	张建成, 张汇娟, 赵春芝, 等. 灌溉条件下有机小麦田间杂草发生来源调查研究[J]. 内蒙古农业科技, 2014(6):48-49.
[13]	高宗军, 李美, 高兴祥, 等. 不同耕作方式对农田环境及冬小麦生产的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2011(1):44-49.
[14]	潘艳花, 马忠明, 吕晓东, 等. 河西绿洲灌区不同耕作方式对春小麦土壤水分和产量的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2012,21(11):53-59.
[15]	Shahzad M, Farooq M, Jabran K, et al. Impact of different crop rotations and tillage systems on weed infestation and productivity of bread wheat[J]. Crop Protection, 2016,89:161-169. doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2016.07.019 URL
[16]	Lotz L A P, Kropff M J, Groeneveld R M W. Modelling weed competition and yield losses to study the effect of omission of herbicides in winter wheat[J]. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 1990,38(4):711-718. doi: 10.18174/njas.v38i4.16559 URL
[17]	何秋虹, 杨知建, 肖润林. 农田生态控草技术研究进展[J]. 湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版, 2009,35(1):59-63.
[18]	席运官. 有机农业生产中杂草综合防治方法探讨[J]. 环境导报, 1999,6:31-33.
[19]	刘刚, 孙海涛, 王国欣. 生产有机蔬菜防除杂草技术要点[J]. 现代园艺, 2015,1:60.
[20]	刘雪, 孟繁锡. 浅谈有机农业生产中的杂草控制措施[J]. 现代化农业, 2005,315(10):7-9.
[21]	白洁. 黑色地膜在蔬菜栽培上的应用效果简介[J]. 青海农机推广, 2006(1):31.
[22]	巴彦淖尔市农牧业科学研究院. 一种全覆膜的覆土装置[P]. 中国专利, CN205848180U, 2017-01-04.
[23]	Schmidt J H, Junge S, Finckh M R. Cover crops and compost prevent weed seed bank buildup in herbicide-free wheat-potato rotations under conservation tillage[J]. Ecology and Evolution, 2019,9(5):2715-2724. doi: 10.1002/ece3.4942
[24]	Annemieke van der Meulen, Bhagirath Singh Chauhan. A review of weed management in wheat using crop competition[J]. Crop Protection, 2017,95(5):38-44. doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2016.08.004 URL
[25]	王静, 王廷璞, 张明莉, 等. 全膜覆土穴播种植技术对旱地冬小麦土壤微生物活性的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2016,34(2):108-112.
[26]	梁云飞. 山东省玉米和小麦田地下害虫发生与土壤地力的关联性研究[D]. 泰安:山东农业大学, 2020.
[27]	吕晓东, 马忠明. 不同耕作方式对春小麦田土壤水分过程的影响[J]. 核农学报, 2015,29(11):2184-2191.
[28]	岳德成, 史广亮, 韩菊红, 等. 玉米田覆盖化学除草地膜对后茬冬小麦生长发育的影响[J]. 土壤与作物, 2018,7(1):47-54.

编号	试验变量	变量值设定
1	小麦播种量/(kg/hm²)	375、412.5、450
2	小麦品种	永良4号、内麦17号
3	施底肥种类	普通农家肥、无杂草污染有机肥
4	麦收后翻耕次数/次	1、2
5	覆膜穴播方式	常规覆膜穴播、全覆膜穴播

编号	试验变量	变量值设定
1	小麦播种量/(kg/hm²)	375、412.5、450
2	小麦品种	永良4号、内麦17号
3	施底肥种类	普通农家肥、无杂草污染有机肥
4	麦收后翻耕次数/次	1、2
5	覆膜穴播方式	常规覆膜穴播、全覆膜穴播

分布区域	株数/(株/m²)	占比/%	鲜重/(g/m²)	占比/%	单株鲜重/g	条播行中（穴播行中）较条播行间（穴播行间）单株鲜重降幅
条播行中杂草	56.1±23.8	33.4	23.7±6.0	23.4	0.422	39.3
条播行间杂草	111.7±111.6^**	66.6	77.7±35.9^**	76.6	0.696
条播杂草总量	167.8		101.4		0.604
穴播穴中杂草	4.2±1.5	2.4	1.7±0.4	1.4	0.405	41.9
穴播穴间杂草	170.5±26.8 ^***	97.6	118.8±18.0 ^***	98.6	0.697
穴播杂草总量	174.6		120.5		0.69

分布区域	株数/(株/m²)	占比/%	鲜重/(g/m²)	占比/%	单株鲜重/g	条播行中（穴播行中）较条播行间（穴播行间）单株鲜重降幅
条播行中杂草	56.1±23.8	33.4	23.7±6.0	23.4	0.422	39.3
条播行间杂草	111.7±111.6^**	66.6	77.7±35.9^**	76.6	0.696
条播杂草总量	167.8		101.4		0.604
穴播穴中杂草	4.2±1.5	2.4	1.7±0.4	1.4	0.405	41.9
穴播穴间杂草	170.5±26.8 ^***	97.6	118.8±18.0 ^***	98.6	0.697
穴播杂草总量	174.6		120.5		0.69

处理	杂草株数/(株/m²)	杂草鲜重/(g/m²)	株防效/%	鲜重防效/%
播种量375 kg/hm²	236	214	7.3	7
播种量412.5 kg/hm²	235.3	210	7.6	5
播种量450 kg/hm²	254.7	230
内麦17号（中高杆）	241.3	221	7.9	7.1
永良四号（矮杆）	262	238