Abstract:

In response to the problem of low utilization rates and environmental pollution caused by excessive application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in wheat production, the aim was to screen out wheat germplasm resources with high efficiency in nitrogen and phosphorus utilization. This study utilized 42 newly approved and recently promoted wheat varieties as experimental materials and established three treatment groups: normal fertilization control (CK), low nitrogen (LN), and low phosphorus (LP). Based on the grain yield at the mature stage and referring to the formula for identifying nutrient utilization efficiency in the joint research on wheat breeding, the nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUI) and phosphorus utilization efficiency (PUI) of each material were calculated. NUI≥1.300 and PUI≥1.100 were set as the screening thresholds for nitrogen-efficient and phosphorus-efficient materials respectively. The results showed that five samples of materials for efficient nitrogen utilization were screened out, namely 'Zhongmai 578', 'Fengde cunmai 5', 'Xinmai 28', 'Xinmai 38' and 'Jimai 55'; eight materials for efficient utilization of phosphorus were screened out, namely 'Zhongmai 578', 'Shiyou 20', 'Huamai 158', 'Daimai 366', 'Luyan 951', 'Zhongmai 9088', 'Shengmai 918', and 'Lunxuan 49'. Among them, 'Zhongmai 578' is a material that simultaneously possesses the characteristics of efficient utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus. The nutrient-efficient utilization wheat germplasm resources identified through the above-mentioned methods in this study provide an important material basis and theoretical support for the breeding of new resource-efficient wheat varieties.

Key words: wheat, mature period, nitrogen, phosphorus, utilization efficiency