Effects of Sowing Density and Harvest Time on Yield of Foodstuff Maize in Linzhi City

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0460

Abstract

Abstract:

Foodstuff maize is an important part of the modern maize industry in Linzhi City, and its production and application are extremely wide. In order to find out the high yield and high efficiency planting methods, we used three sowing densities (6×10⁴, 9×10⁴ and 12×10⁴ plants/hm²), and set up three harvest times (1/3 milk-line, 2/3 milk-line and milk-line disappeared stages) under the sowing density of 9×10⁴ plants/ hm², to compare and analyze grain yield, bio-yield and other yield traits of three different maturity maize hybrids (very early maturity, early maturity and medium maturity). The results showed that the fertility period of maize of different maturity was extended when planted in Linzhi City. The yield potential of medium-maturing variety was higher than that of very early and early-maturing varieties. Because of the limited soil fertility in Linzhi City, the planting density should not be too high, and should be controlled within 6×10⁴ plants/hm² in mid-low yielding lands, and should not exceed 9×10⁴ plants/hm² in high yielding field. Due to the local temperature influence, the grain filling rate was slow. The grain maize should be harvested at the stage of the milk-line disappearance, while the best harvesting time for silage maize was at the stage of 1/3 milk-line. In Linzhi City habitat, variety maturity had the greatest effect on the yield of foodstuff maize, sowing density should not be too high, and harvesting time differed according to specific uses.

Key words: maize, foodstuff, maturity, yield, Linzhi, sowing density, harvest time

LI Menghan, HU Wenping, DONG Xin, PHURBU Samdrup, ZONG Baji. Effects of Sowing Density and Harvest Time on Yield of Foodstuff Maize in Linzhi City[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(7): 9-14.

Figures/Tables 7

References 23

[1]	ROMANELLO M, NAPOLI C D, GREEN C, et al. The 2023 report of the lancet countdown on health and climate change: The imperative for a health-centred response in a world facing irreversible harms[J]. Lancet, 2023,402:2346-2394.
[2]	FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, et al. The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2022[A].// Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable[C]. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2022:9-47.
[3]	INGRAO C, STRIPPOLI R, LAGIOIA G, et al. Water scarcity in agriculture: An overview of causes, impacts and approaches for reducing the risks[J]. Heliyon, 2023, 9(8):e18507.
[4]	RATHER M A, BHUYAN S, CHOWDHURY R, et al. Nanoremediation strategies to address environmental problems[J]. Science of the total environment, 2023,886:163998.
[5]	HASHAKIMANA L, TESSEMA T, NIYITANGA F, et al. Comparative analysis of monocropping and mixed cropping systems on selected soil properties, soil organic carbon stocks, and simulated maize yields in drought-hotspot regions of Rwanda[J]. Heliyon, 2023, 9(9):e19041.
[6]	DU Z, YANG L, XIE C, et al. Optimizing maize planting density based on soil organic matter to achieve synergistic improvements of yield, economic benefits, and resource use efficiency[J]. Science of the total environment, 2024,906:167597.
[7]	DAI D, MA Z, SONG R. Maize kernel development[J]. Molecular breeding, 2021, 41(1):2.
[8]	LIU Y, ZHANG L, YIN X, et al. Influence of climate change and mechanized harvesting on maize (Zea mays L.) planting and northern limits in northeast China[J]. Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2021, 101(9):3889-3897.
[9]	KONDIĆ-ŠPIKA A, MIKIĆ S, MIROSAVLJEVIĆ M, et al. Crop breeding for a changing climate in the Pannonian region: Towards integration of modern phenotyping tools[J]. Journal of experimental botany, 2022, 73(15):5089-5110.
[10]	王利青. 不同年代玉米品种籽粒灌浆特性对深松增密的响应机制研究[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2021.
[11]	李小忠. 不同玉米品种耐旱性对水密互作响应的生理机制[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2021.
[12]	耿文杰, 李宾, 任佰朝, 等. 种植密度和喷施乙烯利对夏玉米木质素代谢和抗倒伏性能的调控[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(2):307-319. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.02.006
[13]	林仕超. 不同收获期青贮玉米品种饲用价值评价及差异研究[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2024.
[14]	石云素. 玉米种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2006:14-23.
[15]	杨镇, 才卓, 景希强, 等. 东北玉米[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2007:41-44.
[16]	王庆祥, 钟蓉军, 刘翠花, 等. 西藏高原引种玉米新杂交种试验研究[J]. 玉米科学, 2000(4):30-32.
[17]	杨艳斌, 杨涛, 朱霞, 等. 西藏高原地区籽粒玉米引种对比试验[J]. 中国种业, 2023(5):74-79.
[18]	马兴林, 徐安波, 关义新, 等. 关于玉米种植密度的思考与讨论[J]. 玉米科学, 2020, 28(2):96-99.
[19]	王庆祥, 钟蓉军, 刘翠花, 等. 西藏高原引种玉米新杂交种的配套栽培技术研究[J]. 玉米科学, 2002(S1):62-63+76.
[20]	次仁央金, 吴尧, 陈阜, 等. 气候变暖对西藏林芝地区作物生产的影响[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2021, 26(8):33-42.
[21]	张学林, 王群, 赵亚丽, 等. 施氮水平和收获时期对夏玉米产量和籽粒品质的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2010, 21(10):2565-2572.
[22]	吴鹏鑫, 王胜男, 杨伟光, 等. 收获期对冬种甜玉米秸秆青贮品质的影响[J]. 饲料研究, 2024, 47(8):114-120.
[23]	李立军, 刘景辉, 焦立新, 等. 栽培措施对粮饲兼用玉米干草产量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2007(3):190-193.

品种名称	类型	育种单位	株高/cm	穗位高/cm	百粒重/g	容重/(g/L)
新玉87	极早熟	新疆农业科学院	240	93	20	790
牡单20	早熟	黑龙江省农业科学院	228	85	33	777
郑单958(CK)	中熟	河南省农业科学院	246	110	31	794

品种名称	类型	育种单位	株高/cm	穗位高/cm	百粒重/g	容重/(g/L)
新玉87	极早熟	新疆农业科学院	240	93	20	790
牡单20	早熟	黑龙江省农业科学院	228	85	33	777
郑单958(CK)	中熟	河南省农业科学院	246	110	31	794

变异来源	单株穗数	主穗重	主穗粒重	穗长	秃尖长	穗粗	轴粗	轴重	穗行数	行粒数	百粒重	单株籽粒产量
品种	3.14^**	52457.55^**	22879.22^**	32.81^**	13.92^**	313.52^**	25.80^**	4904.22^**	4.26^*	87.45^**	1710.37^**	120034.93^**
种植密度	0.28^**	3117.16^**	2020.18^**	3.19^**	0.38	10.92	6.92^*	117.09^*	3.16^*	3.09	134.64^**	20632.62^**
品种×种植密度	0.29^**	289.29	197.44	1.17	0.84	3.58	4.68	17.18	0.81	18.83	23.88	333.41

变异来源	单株穗数	主穗重	主穗粒重	穗长	秃尖长	穗粗	轴粗	轴重	穗行数	行粒数	百粒重	单株籽粒产量
品种	3.14^**	52457.55^**	22879.22^**	32.81^**	13.92^**	313.52^**	25.80^**	4904.22^**	4.26^*	87.45^**	1710.37^**	120034.93^**
种植密度	0.28^**	3117.16^**	2020.18^**	3.19^**	0.38	10.92	6.92^*	117.09^*	3.16^*	3.09	134.64^**	20632.62^**
品种×种植密度	0.29^**	289.29	197.44	1.17	0.84	3.58	4.68	17.18	0.81	18.83	23.88	333.41

品种	单株穗数/个	穗行数/行	行粒数/粒	百粒重/g	单株籽粒产量/g
新玉87	1.31±0.29b	15.11±0.48a	33.64±1.05a	31.73±1.98b	189.68±35.36b
牡单20	2.00±0.00a	14.22±0.25a	34.06±1.47a	23.71±2.58c	177.14±29.01b
郑单958	2.06±0.10a	15.01±0.60a	30.05±0.62b	43.11±3.98a	324.44±37.46a