Analysis of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield Traits in Maize Hybrid Combinations

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0112

Abstract

Abstract:

To screen maize hybrid combinations with good photosynthetic traits and high yield, clarify the relationship between photosynthetic characteristics and yield traits, and provide a theoretical basis for maize breeding, 11 maize inbred lines were used as materials, and 30 hybrid combinations were prepared by the NCⅡ (6×5) incomplete diallel cross method. 13 photosynthetic and yield-related traits were analyzed. The results showed that there were no significant difference in chlorophyll content and ear length, while the other traits reached significant or highly significant levels. C23 (L5×L10) had the highest yield of 12921.75 kg/hm², with 9 traits ranking in the top 10. L5 (Zhanbai) and L10 (JF) had the highest occurrence frequencies, at 20.00% and 33.08% respectively. The coefficient of variation for each trait ranged from 5.66% to 72.37%, with the largest variation in bald tip length and the most stable in ear diameter. Net photosynthetic rate was significantly positively correlated with stomatal conductance (r=0.817^**) and transpiration rate (r=0.753^**); grain yield was significantly positively correlated with ear length, kernels per row, and 100-kernel weight. Maize photosynthetic traits are closely related to yield traits. L5 (Zhanbai) and L10 (JF) are excellent parents, and it is easy to breed high-yield hybrids by selecting materials with large leaf area, more kernels per row, large ears, and small bald tips.

Key words: maize, photosynthetic characteristics, yield traits, correlation coefficients, hybrid combinations, parent selection, ear traits, genetic variation

CLC Number:

S-513

LI Junping, LI Jianying, LI Junying, LIU Yating, ZHOU Jun, ZHAO Zixian. Analysis of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield Traits in Maize Hybrid Combinations[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(18): 33-45.

Figures/Tables 12

References 25

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编号	自交系名称	种质类型
L1	泰911	泰国热带血缘
L2	泰12-133	泰国热带血缘
L3	ZH-18	热带血缘
L4	N00	热带血缘
L5	沾白	热带血缘
L6	QSY-1opv	热带血缘
L7	ZD14216	热带血缘
L8	107PI11121	温带血缘
L9	温12-2113	温带血缘
L10	JF	温带血缘
L11	黑玉米222	温带血缘

编号	自交系名称	种质类型
L1	泰911	泰国热带血缘
L2	泰12-133	泰国热带血缘
L3	ZH-18	热带血缘
L4	N00	热带血缘
L5	沾白	热带血缘
L6	QSY-1opv	热带血缘
L7	ZD14216	热带血缘
L8	107PI11121	温带血缘
L9	温12-2113	温带血缘
L10	JF	温带血缘
L11	黑玉米222	温带血缘

母本	父本
母本	编号	P7	编号	P8	编号	P9	编号	P10	编号	P11
L1	C1	L1×L7	C7	L1×L8	C13	L1×L9	C19	L1×L10	C25	L1×L11
L2	C2	L2×L7	C8	L2×L8	C14	L2×L9	C20	L2×L10	C26	L2×L11
L3	C3	L3×L7	C9	L3×L8	C15	L3×L9	C21	L3×L10	C27	L3×L11
L4	C4	L4×L7	C10	L4×L8	C16	L4×L9	C22	L4×L10	C28	L4×L11
L5	C5	L5×L7	C11	L5×L8	C17	L5×L9	C23	L5×L10	C29	L5×L11
L6	C6	L6×L7	C12	L6×L8	C18	L6×L9	C24	L6×L10	C30	L6×L11

母本	父本
母本	编号	P7	编号	P8	编号	P9	编号	P10	编号	P11
L1	C1	L1×L7	C7	L1×L8	C13	L1×L9	C19	L1×L10	C25	L1×L11
L2	C2	L2×L7	C8	L2×L8	C14	L2×L9	C20	L2×L10	C26	L2×L11
L3	C3	L3×L7	C9	L3×L8	C15	L3×L9	C21	L3×L10	C27	L3×L11
L4	C4	L4×L7	C10	L4×L8	C16	L4×L9	C22	L4×L10	C28	L4×L11
L5	C5	L5×L7	C11	L5×L8	C17	L5×L9	C23	L5×L10	C29	L5×L11
L6	C6	L6×L7	C12	L6×L8	C18	L6×L9	C24	L6×L10	C30	L6×L11

性状	方法
穗长(cm)	测定各果穗基部到顶部的长度取平均值
穗粗(cm)	果穗头尾相间排成一行，测量果穗中部直径取平均值
穗行数(行)	果穗中部的行数的平均值
行粒数(粒)	每个果穗中等长度行的籽粒数取平均值
秃尖长(cm)	测每个果穗顶端不结实的长度取平均值
百粒重(g)	随机数100粒称重，重复3次，取相近两个的平均数，按14%折算