Abstract: The aims were to study the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers on the growth and schaftoside content of D. styracifolium, and provide scientific basis for its rational fertilization and standardized cultivation. Randomized block design in yield was used and content of schaftoside was determined by HPLC. The content of schaftoside in different groups came up to the standards in the Chinese pharmacopoeia except for A03, A06, A12, A13 groups. By comparing biomass accumulation and schaftoside content of single plant among the different treatment groups, the top three groups were as follows: N=12 g/m², N:P:K=3:2:2 (A07), N=18 g/m², N:P:K=3:1:1 (A13), and N=18 g/m², N:P:K=3:2:1 (A14). There was a significant positive correlation between the schaftoside content and plant biomass. In consideration of fertilizer amount, yield and schaftoside content, the treatment mode of A07 (N=12 g/m², N:P:K=3:2:2) was the most economic. The reasonably fertilizing in complex treatment of N, P, K could increase the yield and quality of D. styracifolium.