Current issue

• 2013 Vol.29 No.4 Published:05 February 2013

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  Research Status and Progress of Tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia 2013, 29 (4):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3418 Abstract + ( 961 )   PDF ( 515265KB )   ( 863 ) In order to promote the development of China’s ecological forestry, develop and utilize the tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia excellent species is necessary for forestry ecological construction and development trend. The author based on the research dynamics and developers to take advantage of tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia in application and brief overview. The author discussed the tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia introduction and cultivation, tissue culture micropropagation system, research physiological and biochemical; silage feeding value of tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia in detail, and analyzed the development necessity of tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia; looking forward the broad prospects for development of tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia; against the research statement of tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia, some suggestions to development of tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia.

  Cloning and Sequence Analysis of HbSIP1 Promoter from Hevea brasiliensis 2013, 29 (4):  5-9.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3111 Abstract + ( 1138 )   PDF ( 670026KB )   ( 836 ) The aim was to study the expression characteristics and regulation mechanism of pyrophosphatase gene in natural rubber biosynthesis. Based on the sequence of pyrophosphatase gene HbSIP1 from H. brasiliensis, the promoter sequence of HbSIP1 was cloned from H. brasiliensis by GenomeWalker method, the sequence was analyzed and a plant expression vector with the promoter sequence of HbSIP1 was constructed. Sequence analysis showed that the 1198 bp promoter sequence was obtained and its sequence had typical promoter features of eukaryote and contained several regulatory elements related to hormone and stress responses. Cloning and analysis of the promoter region of HbSIP1 could lay foundation for the further study of the function and expression regulation mechanisms of HbSIP1.

  Wood Properties Genetic Variation Analysis and Genetic Parameters Estimation of Half-sib Families of Castanopsis fissa 2013, 29 (4):  10-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3303 Abstract + ( 979 )   PDF ( 635345KB )   ( 1249 ) In order to research half-sib families of Castanopsis fissa’s wood properties genetic variation and estimate genetic parameters, 4-year old half-sib families’growth test and wood properties were analyzed by randomized block design. The results suggested that: wood density was significantly difference and fiber length and width were very significantly difference. Wood density and fiber length’s genetic variation coefficient were respectively 4.22%, 3.09% and the broad heritability were respectively 0.1916, 0.2658, which indicated the two traits were controlled by the weaker genetic factors. Fiber width’s genetic variation coefficient was 5.71% and the broad heritability was 0.3985 which indicated fiber width was controlled by the moderate genetic factors. The DBH and height growth between wood fiber length and density had no correlation, but the DBH and height growth between fiber width had weaker correlation. Wood density, fiber length and fiber width were mutually independent in genetic. Though choosing these traits in independent, it could cultivate the families which have good wood properties and fast-growing characteristic.

  The Study on the Biomass and Carbon Sink of Robinia pseudoacacia Forest in Taihang Mountains 2013, 29 (4):  14-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3269 Abstract + ( 998 )   PDF ( 750195KB )   ( 937 ) In order to estimate for Robinia pseudoacacia forest carbon sink and determinate the biomass measuring parameters, based on the 60 plots of Robinia pseudoacacia forest in Taihang Mountains, the biomass exchanged coefficient (BEF) and root-shoot ratio (R) between diameter and stand age were studied. The results showed that: BEF=1.535±0.127, R=0.530±0.102, n=15, which of the young-aged Robinia pseudoacacia forest, and BEF=1.371±0.038, R=0.381±0.045, n=45, which of the middle-aged. The models of biomass and carbon sink at compartment and stand level were studied, that showed which was linear regression relation between volume and biomass, carbon sink. The model of carbon sink growth was studied, that showed the carbon sink growth of annual average was 1.79 t/hm2, which was higher.

  Response of Drought Stress on Relative Water Content of Leaf and Cholorophyll Content of Young Toona ciliata Roem. Clones Seedlings 2013, 29 (4):  19-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3370 Abstract + ( 1014 )   PDF ( 562696KB )   ( 740 ) In order to supply the scientific support for cultivation and management of Toona ciliata Roem. by studying on water physiology of young Toona ciliata Roem. clones seedlings, the author set up different drought stress treatments to find out the response of drought stress on relative water content of leaf and cholorophyll content of 5 1-year old young Toona ciliata Roem. clones seedlings. The results showed that: (1) severe stress (17 d continuous water break) resulted in the occurrence of the lowest relative water content of leaf of young Toona ciliata Roem. clones seedlings. There was no significant difference in relative water content of leaf among clones. For the unstable weather condition, the periodic change rule of relative water content of leaf of young Toona ciliata Roem. clones seedlings was not obvious. (2) Severe stress (17 d continuous water break) resulted in the occurrence of the highest cholorophyll content of young Toona ciliata Roem. clones seedlings. There was no significant difference in cholorophyll content of leaf among clones. There was a periodic increase trend in cholorophyll content of leaf of young Toona ciliata Roem. clones seedlings.

  The Research of Semi-lethal Temperature and Cold Tolerance of Camellia oleifera Cultivars Clones in Guangxi zeng wenjun 2013, 29 (4):  23-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3167 Abstract + ( 985 )   PDF ( 595745KB )   ( 680 ) In order to identify the cold tolerance of Camellia oleifera clones cultivars in Guangxi, the changes of cell membrane permeability at different low temperature of‘Cenruan 2’,‘Cenruan 3’,‘Cenruan 22’and‘Cenruan 24’were measured using the conductance method. The semi-lethal temperature (LT50) of 4 clones was obtained with the logistic equation. The results showed that: as the temperature decreases, cell injury rate was S-shaped curve, and temperature was highly significant negative correlation. The semi-lethal temperature of four clones was respectively: -9.0℃, -12.6℃, -9.9℃, -10.8℃. The order of cold resistance from strong to weak was:‘Cenruan 3’>‘Cenruan 24’>‘Cenruan 22’>‘Cenruan 2’.

  A Comparative Study on the Different Budling of Hevea brasiliensis in the Immature Period 2013, 29 (4):  26-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3193 Abstract + ( 1170 )   PDF ( 560660KB )   ( 748 ) In order to study the effect of buddlings with different rootstocks on girth growth and tapping tree percentage, the growth of four kinds of polybag plants classed and selected from the batch of budlings and mini-seedling budling (polybag plant) according to rootstock size and its latex in the immature period were investigated in this study. The results showed that: there were significantly different among the scion diameter of five sorts of polybag plants when those were planted and no significantly different before tapped. The girth growth rate of small and unselected polybag plants was relative quick. The tapping tree percentage of unselected polybag plants was the lowest among five budlings planted seven years ago, and it reached the standard for open tapping. The girth growth of all the budlings increased regularly and fitted the same linear equation. Those indicated that classing and selecting of the budling of Hevea brasiliensis before planted was beneficial to enhance of the tapping tree percentage and girth growth of young rubber tree showed linear increase.

  Correlative Analysis on Forestry Land and Topography Factors Based on Tianguan Town of Youyang County 2013, 29 (4):  30-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3093 Abstract + ( 1026 )   PDF ( 591127KB )   ( 696 ) In order to more clearly understand the relevance of the forestry land distribution and the terrain factors, which can provide basic information to reasonable utilization of forest resources in mountainous areas and the ecological environment protection. The author had a registration overlay analysis of high resolution aerial, satellite photograph and 1:10000 topographic map by making use of geostatistics of ArcGIS 9.3, then considering the fact that different photo color referred to different types of vegetation landscape, acquired factor data in small classes of woodland with visual interpretation in small classes of woodland and field research, and next discussed the correlation between forestry land and topography factors. It was shown that: in areas of low elevation and low slope where human beings were highly involved, all sorts of forestry land were distributed, which meant evolution and slope had little effect on forestry land, and that in those areas where human activities were lessened little by little with high elevation and high slope, kinds of forestry land decreased accordingly. Furthermore, the irrigated paddy fields were the main types of forestry land on the elevation of 1200 m and slope above 35°. The differences of forestry land distribution were significant in the southwest-northeast and east-west aspects, while the other aspects are relatively.

  Advances in Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Solanum 2013, 29 (4):  35-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2794 Abstract + ( 1139 )   PDF ( 516126KB )   ( 1369 ) In this article, we summarized species of the chemical compositions of Solanum plants, and analyzed their biological activities. We classified the chemical compositions of Solanum plants and their chemical compositions. We generalized the major chemical compositions of Solanum plants, such as alkaloids, steroid, and flavonoids. After that we analyzed their biological activities and listed they had sorts of biological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-virus, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and the nutrients of Solanum plants. We found that there was inadequaetion in the use of Solanum plants. And look ahead how to use the Solanum plants better.

  Latest Research and Development of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. 2013, 29 (4):  39-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2773 Abstract + ( 1079 )   PDF ( 634216KB )   ( 1151 ) Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. is a kind of annual herb plant from the genus Nepeta of the family Lamiaceae, and it is a commonly used Chinese medicinal material for a long time. This paper had concluded the recent researches on the germplasm resources, cultivation methods, processing methods, chemical constituents, pharmacological actions and clinical applications. It had analyzed the progress and shortcomings of the present studies. It had pointed out that the current researches had mainly focused on the chemical constituents, pharmacological actions and clinical applications. However no research had been done on the diversity of germplasm resources and germplasm identification. The authors suggested that germplasm identification and quality control should be strengthened in the future in order to improve the quality of Chinese herbal medicines and to ensure drug safety and effectiveness in clinic.

  Influence of the Major Weather Factor on the Efficiency of the Light Trap in Farmland 2013, 29 (4):  44-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2222 Abstract + ( 940 )   PDF ( 820737KB )   ( 850 ) To improve the efficiency of the light trap in farmland and supplies reasonable design with theory basis for the condition of farmland light traps’automation switch, this experiment set the solar light trap at tobacco or vegetable fields in southern, central and northern of Hunan, collected the important pest and natural enemies in light traps daily, and identify, counting or drying weighing; then compare the difference of insect quantity between the same sites or the different sites, and got the relationship between the major weather factors and the insect quantity by applying methods of canonical correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results indicated that the light trap catches was positively significant related to the average daily temperature (the light trap catches increased by the average daily temperature), while the light trap catches was negatively significant related to the pressure, rainfall and relative humidity (the light trap catches decreased with the pressure, rainfall and relative humidity). The warmer and drier weather conditions can improve the efficiency of light trap.

  Distribution Characteristics and Influenced Factors of Tobacco-growing Soil Organic Carbon in Yunnan Province 2013, 29 (4):  51-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2713 Abstract + ( 964 )   PDF ( 680781KB )   ( 950 ) Study on regional characteristics of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the main region of cultured tobacco in Yunnan, the tobacco-growing soil profiles were collected. According to the content of soil organic carbon density, vertical distribution characters, and the relationships between the soils organic carbon and the soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the content of tobacco-growing soil organic carbon density was 10.21 kg/m2. There were high content of soil organic carbon density in red soil, and low content of soil organic carbon density in purple soil and yellow soil. (2)The content of soil organic carbon density showed a reduction in a deeper soil stratum. There was great difference in yellow soil organic carbon density with variation coefficient of 122.35%. Red soil showed that the carbon density was stable and the coefficient of variation was 17.67%-49.60%. (3)The tobacco-growing soil organic carbon density showed a positive correlation with soil water retention and soil clay content, showing no significant correlation with soil porosity. The ratio of organic carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ranged from 1.58 to 14.00. The ratio of organic carbon to phosphorus (C/P) ranged from 1.26 to 34.08. Red soil had the highest ratio of C/N and C/P.

  Isolation and Identification of Antagonistic Ginger Endophytic Bacteria for Aspergillus niger 2013, 29 (4):  57-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2985 Abstract + ( 1081 )   PDF ( 793253KB )   ( 755 ) In order to find a safe, mildew resistance endophytes to solve the problems of safe and cost of the use of chemical fungicides. Ginger was surface sterilized by using 70% ethanol, 10% sodium hypochlorite and 5% phenol. 13 endophytes were isolated from ginger by using gradient dilution and streak plate method. After repetitive co-culture on PDA plates, results showed that the growth of Aspergillus niger could be strongly inhibited by JT716. According to the morphology characteristics, physiology and biochemistry tests, the comparison of 16S rDNA sequence, JT716 was similar to Pseudomonas fluorescens.

  In Vitro Selection for Salt Tolerance in Diploid Potatoes 2013, 29 (4):  62-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2685 Abstract + ( 1061 )   PDF ( 1214379KB )   ( 713 ) Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is considered moderately salt sensitive, therefore soil salinization seriously impacts the growth and development of potato, causing yield loss to potato production. In this research, 45 long day adapted S. phureja (PHU)-S. stenotomum (STN) hybrid clones were evaluated for their salt (NaCl) tolerance in vitro at 0, 40, 80, and 120 mmol/L using tetraploid variety‘Bintje’as salt tolerant control, and‘Mainechip’as sensitive control. Six growth parameters (shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights) were measured at the time of harvest, and six diploid potato clones (89-2-1, 188-1, 267-1, 566-1, 472-1 and 463-1) were found significant higher in salt tolerance than‘Bintje’and fore (354-1, 138-1, 507-1, and 270-2) lower than‘Mainechip’. These diploid PHU-STN clones selected may be valuable germplasm for breeding salt tolerant variety and studying the mechanism of salt tolerance in potatoes.

  Inheritance Analysis of Bolting Correlated Traits Using Mixed Major Gene Plus Polygene Model in Brassica rapa 2013, 29 (4):  76-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2534 Abstract + ( 1126 )   PDF ( 640674KB )   ( 1027 ) The mixed major-gene plus polygene inheritance model was used to analyze the inheritance of bolting correlated traits in Brassica rapa, which will provide useful information for breeding a late bolting or bolting-resistant cultivars of Brassica rapa. Three phenotypic measurements, bolting index, flowering time, days to 5 cm elongated stalk, respectively, were used for inheritance analysis with six generations of P1(bolting resistant inbreed line) and P2 (vernalization independent type) and their F1, B1, B2 and F2. The results showed that the two traits, bolting index and days to 5 cm elongated stalk, both were controlled by two major genes with additive-dominance-epistatic effects (B-1 model) in hybrid. The flowering time was controlled by one major gene with additive-dominance effects plus poly-genes with additive-dominance-epistatic effects (D model). The heritability of the major genes in B1, B2 and F2 were 96.22%, 93.33%, 93.55% for bolting index, 70.68%, 70.68%, 70.64% for flowering time, 79.44%, 79.55%, 79.38% for days to 5 cm elongated stalk, respectively. But no polygene heritability was checked in B1, B2 and F2 segregating generations. It indicated that the bolting trait in Brassica rapa was controlled by one or tow major genes. This implied that in the genetic improvement for bolting resistant trait major gene is a main factor. It is fit for early selection and environment factor should also be mentioned.

  Effect of Initial Population Densities of Meloidogyne incognita to the Growth of Tomato 2013, 29 (4):  83-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2818 Abstract + ( 1426 )   PDF ( 1037576KB )   ( 815 ) Root knot nematode (RKN, Meloidogyne incognita) is a serious disease in tomato production. The effect of RKN initial population densities on the tomato height, the number of leaves, the number of flower spikes, the fresh and the dry weight of plant were evaluated in pot experiments under the greenhouse condition to understand the effect of population density on the pathogenic potential of M. incognita in tomato. The results showed that the plant height, the number of leaves, the number of flower spikes, and the fresh and the dry weight of plant were decreased with increasing densities of M. incognita, but the disease index was increased. The T value (tolerance limit) was calculated based on the plant height, fresh weight, dry weight with the Seinhorst model. The final tolerance limit of tomato to RKN was determined as 4.4 nematodes per milliliter soil. There was some damage to the root, but no obvious influence on the growth of tomato was observed when the nematode densities were lower than tolerance limit.

  The Extraction of the Genomic DNA in Bitter Gourd and Optimization of ISSR Amplified System 2013, 29 (4):  88-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2912 Abstract + ( 1031 )   PDF ( 1366345KB )   ( 840 ) In order to rapid acquiring high quality genomic DNA of Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) and research the resistance gene molecular marker of powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea), the paper compared the extracted genomic DNA’s yield and quality by different extracted methods and different physiological periods’leaves of bitter gourd to search the best method and the most suitable period in extracting genomic DNA from bitter gourd. The annealing temperatures of ISSR-PCR (inter-simple sequence repeat and polymerase chain reaction) was researched, and the concentrations of Mg2+ , dNTPs, Taq DNA polymerase, genomic DNA and primers which effect ISSR-PCR were optimized by using orthogonal design method. The result showed that the OD260/OD280 values of the genomic DNA extracted from the top leaves of bitter gourd by improved CTAB method were 1.8-2.0 and the OD260/OD230 values were about 2.0, the electrophoretogram showed that the primary brands were clear and less degradation, the DNA samples were pure and had good quality, the effect was the best. The optimal system was 2.5μL 10×PCR buffer, 2.5 mmol/L MgCl2, 250μmol/L dNTPs, 10 ng genomic DNA, 0.75 U Taq DNA polymerase, 0.7μmol/L primers, and the total volume of the reaction was 25μL, the most compatible annealing temperatures of primer UBC826 was 53℃. The optimal system could be employed to gain good results in repeated PCR experiments. The best extracting method was the improved CTAB method and the top tender leaf was the most fitting.

  Comparative Studies of Chilling Requirement and Covering Time of Forcing Cultivation of Different Pear Cultivars in Nanjing 2013, 29 (4):  94-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2617 Abstract + ( 1057 )   PDF ( 688358KB )   ( 749 ) In order to research suitable pear varieties for forcing cultivation in Nanjing and the proper time for covering, During 2011-2012, the chilling requirement of 37 pear cultivars and varieties growing in Nanjing, model were determined using Utah model, 0-7.2℃model and≤7.2℃model ,respectively. The results showed that the lowest chilling requirement was‘Atago’, which needed 207 C.U tested by Utah model. Relatively, some cultivars such as‘Tangshansu’,‘Yali’,‘Sha 01’,‘Liuyuesu’,‘Zaomeisu’had higher chilling requirement. The chilling requirement of different cultivars ranged greatly, but most cultivars ranged 300-700 C.U. It was found that the Utah model was much more suitable to describe the changes of dormant course of pear buds in Nanjing. The maturity and origin of certain cultivars were not related to their chilling requirements. The climate in winter is temperate in Nanjing with small day average range. It was early January for early and middle matured cultivars with chilling requirement below 400 C.U to cover film to increase temperature. And the proper time to cover film for early matured cultivars which had chilling requirement of 400-700 C.U was early February.

  Cold Resistance Identification and Comprehensive Evaluation of Grape Rootstocks 2013, 29 (4):  99-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2905 Abstract + ( 1034 )   PDF ( 652375KB )   ( 989 ) With ten grape rootstocks cuttings as materials, the physiologicals and biochemical indicators, like germination rate, rooting rate, relative conductivity, index of brown，relative water content, malondialdehyde, free proline, starch were measured after the cuttings were treated with -10℃, -15℃, -20℃, -25℃, -30℃, -35℃, and untreated cutting as control. The semi-lethal temperature of grapevine rootstocks was calculated with the relative conductivity by the Logistic equation. The data was treated by cluster analysis, correlation analysis and principal component analysis for their comprehensive evaluation of cold tolerance. Through the evaluation of principal component analysis and semi-lethal temperature, the cold resistance of ten grape rootstock was‘Beta’>‘101-14’> V. amurensis×V. riparia‘No.1’>‘Teleki 5A’>‘Teleki 5BB’>‘188-08’> V. amurensis×V. riparia‘No.3’>‘Teleki 5C’>‘Selection Oppenheim No.4’>‘Teleki 8B’.

  Study on the Resistance of 60 Cashew Clones to Powdery Mildew Disease in Mozambique 2013, 29 (4):  104-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2562 Abstract + ( 963 )   PDF ( 581727KB )   ( 734 ) In order to study the resistance of cashew to powdery mildew disease in Mozambique, and find the cashew clones that are resistant to powdery mildew disease. In Nampula Province of Mozambique, the damage of cashew fruit of 60 cashew clones caused by powdery mildew disease was investigated. The result indicated that, under the same condition, the cashew nut damage degree of different cashew clones were different. The damage degree of AC34 and 4.2VM were the lowest. The next were AZA17/79, B4, H1 and M96-2.3VM. The damage rates and damage indexes of other clones were higher relatively. According to the resistance evaluation criteria of cashew to powdery mildew disease in this paper, there were 6 high resistant clones, 1 resistant clone, 9 medium resistant clones, 21 susceptible clones and 23 high susceptible clones in the 60 investigated cashew clones. The susceptible and high susceptible clones account for 73.3% of the total samples. The most cashew clones in Mozambique were low resistant to powdery mildew disease.

  The Mutagenic Effect of the Plasma Injection Technique into the Jujube Tree Scion Hao Xue-jin Wang Li-naChen Hong-yu 2013, 29 (4):  109-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2804 Abstract + ( 945 )   PDF ( 5976711KB )   ( 751 ) In order to explore and master the mutagenic techniques of plasma injection jujube scion, and find a new ways to breed the good crack fruit of jujube, the author used new technical means of the plasma implantation into Shanxi famous dates: Chun date and Huping date with nitrogen, argon plasma implantation for mutagenic treatment and grafting investigation. The results showed that: both nitrogen and argon plasma implantation could mutate. In the same implantation dose, the mutation rate of argon plasma treated samples was significantly higher than the nitrogen ion, the favorable variation mostly in the argon plasma treated samples, integrated treatment of graft survival rate and mutation rate factors, the author determined the nitrogen, argon two gases of jujube grafting optimal treatment dose of (6×1016-8×1016)/cm2 (per square centimeter plasma), the injection rate was 10 mA×28 kV, and pulse intermittent duty cycle of 60%. The survey found that the scion after mutagenic treatment had wide range of variation, that could be summarized as growth rate, flowering and setting fruit, leaf, fruit shape, growth period (maturity). After four years of consecutive trials, it filtered out a high yield material that the results of high and low rate of fruit cracking and two materials the fertility of a delay of 10-15 days and crack fruit.

  Optimization of the Rapid Propagation Medium for Anoectochilus formosanus by Orthogonal Design 2013, 29 (4):  114-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2586 Abstract + ( 1104 )   PDF ( 561183KB )   ( 1480 ) It was studied on four factors of basic medium, 6-BA, NAA and sucrose on adventitious buds proliferation culture and rooting culture to optimize the rapid propagation medium of Anoectochilus formosanus by orthogonal design L9(34), taking the apical buds of test-tube seeding as the explants. The results showed that: four factors had a very significant impact on the adventitious buds proliferation culture and rooting culture. The effect for proliferation culture: 6-BA> sucrose> NAA> the basic medium, the effect for rooting culture: sucrose> 6-BA> the basic medium> NAA. The optimizing medium for proliferation culture was MS+6-BA 3.0 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L+ sucrose 20 g/L. The optimizing medium for rooting culture was 1/2MS+ 6-BA 1.0 mg/L+ NAA 0.6 mg/L+ sucrose 40 g/L.

  The Optimization of ISSR Reaction Conditions of Lilium CHEN Ming-Hong 2013, 29 (4):  118-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2888 Abstract + ( 1202 )   PDF ( 1356653KB )   ( 873 ) The aim was to establish a stable, reproducible, and suitable reaction system of Lilium for ISSR analysis of genetic differences. PCR amplifications were carried out until the different concentrations of the factors in the ISSR reaction system were designed, and based on the principle of high stability and reproducibility, the stable and reliable ISSR reaction system was eventually established after a series of adjustment and optimization of the reaction system. The optimum ISSR-PCR reaction system (25μL) contained 40 ng DNA template, 2.0 mmol/L Mg2+, 1.5 U TaqDNA polymerase, 0.8μmol/L ISSR primer and 200μmol/L dNTPs. The reaction mixtures were pre-denatured at 94℃for 5 min and subjected to 35 cycles of 1 min at 94℃, 1 min at 51.8℃, 2 min at 72℃, and a final extension step of 8 min at 72℃. The ISSR-PCR systems showed stable reaction system, better repeatability, and reliable abundant polymorphisms. This reaction system could provide a technological base for the study on genetic polymorphism analysis, cultivar identification of Lilium at the molecular level.

  Effects of AM Fungi on Salt Tolerance of Treepeony Seedlings 2013, 29 (4):  123-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2788 Abstract + ( 914 )   PDF ( 2691605KB )   ( 577 ) The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of AM fungi on salt tolerance of the annual and biennial treepeony seedlings. The annual and biennial treepeony‘Fengdan’seedlings grown in pots were inoculated with or without Glomus mosseae, and then treated with artificial sea water (0%, 8%, 16% and 24%). The results showed that under salt stress mycorrhizal colonization of biennial treepeony seedlings inoculated with G. mosseae were significantly higher than that of annual treepeony seedlings, while the leaf relative conductivity was significantly lower than that of annual treepeony seedling. Under salt stress increment, root activity, N, P and K content, and index of salt tolerance were significantly higher in biennial treepeony seedlings than in annual treepeony seedlings. Mycorrhizal dependence of annual treepeony seedlings was higher than that of biennial treepeony seedlings. The total dry weight, index of salt tolerance, mycorrhizal contribution of N, P and K in annual peony seedlings inoculated with G. mosseae were higher than in biennial treepeony seedlings, with the increase of salt mycorrhizal contribution were increased. It was suggested that the effects of AM fungi on annual treepeony seedlings be superior to biennial treepeony seedlings, and treepeony with different growth stages showed different mycorrhizal dependence.

  The Characteristics Studies of Tea Leaves’ Anatomical Structure on Parts of Wuyi Ming Cong Tea 2013, 29 (4):  130-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2787 Abstract + ( 1013 )   PDF ( 2691605KB )   ( 551 ) This article compared and analyzed 10 Wuyi Ming Cong tea tree germplasm resources of leaves’anatomical structure, making the indirect identification for 10 Ming Cong resources of the production index, stress resistance and productive character, so as to the early tea tree varieties breeding and processing of tea tree resources to provide the direct use of reference basis. The results showed that the productions of the selected 10 Wuyi Ming Cong tea trees were the medium level, among which the production of JM024 was the best and the stress resistance was strong. The production of JM065 and JM051 were relatively high, the cold resistance of JM042 was strong, and the strongest drought resistance was JM024. The pest and disease resistance stronger was JM042. The best quality for green tea or red, green tea both making was JM051, most resources were suitable for making oolong tea.

  Research on the Genetic Marks of Tea Plants that Suitable to Make Liubao Tea and Their Roles in the Breeding of Liubao Tea 2013, 29 (4):  136-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2570 Abstract + ( 1114 )   PDF ( 572148KB )   ( 839 ) In order to speed up breeding process of the high quality Liubao tea plants, beginning with the study on the features of the Liubao tea and how these features were formed, the author explored and analyzed the tea plants that were used to make Liubao tea in Guangxi Province’s history and their genetic marks that would significantly influence the quality of the LiuBao tea. The research results showed that, the leaf of these tea plants contained 28.77%-34.94% tea polyphenol, 2.83%-3.83% amino acids, 42.65%-46.83% water extractions. The thickness of the leaf was 224.6-404.7μm, and the thickness of the spongy tissue was 130.7-201.0μm. The tea plants were mainly small trees with big leaves, or shrubs with middle size leaves. Therefore, the tea plants that suitable to make Liubao tea should be preferably the small trees with big and thick leaves and thick spongy tissue, containing high amounts of tea polyphenol, amino acids and water extractions. This research results provided references for the further selection of tea plants that suitable to make Liubao tea according to the genetic marks, so that the breeding process could be speeded up.

  Study on Aromatic Components of Broken Black Tea Manufactured from‘Yunkang No.10’ 2013, 29 (4):  141-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3122 Abstract + ( 1197 )   PDF ( 601506KB )   ( 752 ) ‘Yunkang No.10’, tea clone was widely popularized in Yunnan tea areas. In order to study the aromatic constituents of broken black tea from‘Yunkang No.10’, aromatic components were analyzed by GC/MS method. The results showed that the aroma compositions were mainly composed of 42 compounds, including alcohol, aldehyde, ketene, ester, hydrocarbon, phenol and the mixed oxide compounds. The relative contents of top 10 in aroma compounds were as follows: linalool, methylsalicylate, 2-hexenal, nerol,α-Terpineol, 3,7-dimethyl-1,5,7-octatriene-3-ol,α-terpinyl acetate, hyacinthin, 2,6-bis (1,1-dimethyl-ethyl)-4-methyl-phenol, 1,2,4,5-tetramethyl Benzene, which occupied 70.41% of the total content of aroma compounds. The contents of Linalool and methylsalicylate were high, which were characteristic components of broken black tea from‘Yunkang No.10’. Meanwhile, the results of sensory quality indicated the flavor feature of broken black tea from‘Yunkang No.10’was light mellow and brisk.

  Research on Suitable Period for‘Fuding’ Fresh One Bud and Two Leaves of Mechanical Picking 2013, 29 (4):  145-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2791 Abstract + ( 1207 )   PDF ( 513379KB )   ( 773 ) To improve the quality of mechanical picking fresh leaves, with one bud-two leaves and the same tenderness folder leaves for picking standard, applying single person picking machine to carry out field trials in three different tea fields. The results showed when the standard shoots(one bud-two leaves and the same tenderness folder leaves) proportion of 80.0%, 70.0%, 60.0% to pick mechanically, the proportion standard shoots of fresh leaves were 47.4%, 25.7%, 29.4%, Visible 80.0% standard shoots of fresh leaves was suitable period of mechanical picking. Intervals of standard shoots for mechanical picking in Spring of Guizhou northern tea district was about 12 days, intervals of the first and second, second and third, third and fourth mechanical picking respectively were 13, 21, 15 days in Summer. Mechanical picking interval in autumn was 17 days. First suitable period of mechanical picking in spring was 3 days after one bud and two leaves expansion, but for Summer and Autumn was 22 days and 15 days after fish leaf expansion.

  Simultaneous Determination of Gallic Acid and Ellagic Acid in Galla chinensis Extracts by High Performance Liquid Chromatography 2013, 29 (4):  148-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2890 Abstract + ( 1030 )   PDF ( 4077832KB )   ( 727 ) A rapid and accurate method was established to simultaneously determine gallic acid and ellagic acid in Galla chinensis extracts. Full spectrum scan was adopted to examine the detection wavelength, factors that influence the determination results were studied to optimize the procedure, and the practicability of the determination method was analyzed. Samples were detected on the column of C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5μm), eluted with acetonitrile and 10% glacial acetic acid as mobile phase in a gradient mode (0→10 min: 18% acetonitril, 10→15min: 18%→20% acetonitril). The procedure was at column temperature of 35℃, detection wavelength of 248 nm and flow rate of 1 mL/min. The working curves of gallic acid and ellagic acid were in the linear ranges of 0.44μg-1 mg, 0.08-8μg respectively, with R2 of 0.9995, with the average recovery of 96.74% (RSD=0.89% ) and 97.10% (RSD=1.53% ) respectively. The method can be employed to simultaneously determine the content of gallic acid and ellagic acid in Galla chinensis extracts within 15 minutes, which is proved a simple, rapid and accurate method in the process of high value utilization of Galla Chinensis with shortened measurement time and promoted efficiency.

  Design and Experiment of YS-1GVFM-125A Type Combine Machine of Ridging, Fertilizing and Film Covering 2013, 29 (4):  155-162.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2770 Abstract + ( 964 )   PDF ( 1390689KB )   ( 790 ) In order to solve the existing problem of the repeat labor in multistage cultivating process, realize mechanized farming, lower labor intensity and increase productivity. Based on the theoretical analysis as well as experimental explore, YS-1GVFM-125A type combine machine of ridging, fertilizing and film covering has been developed matching the DF-151 or GN-121 type walking tractor. This machine is used to form ridge by up-cut rotary tillage, apply fertilizer by mixer, and cover film by pressure slot, and it could realize one off combined operation of ridging, fertilizing and film covering. The performance test and experimental verification showed that the performance indexes of this machine are accord with tobacco agricultural requirements, and it could very significantly increase productivity, lower labor intensity and activity cost, and had no significantly influence on yield and quality of Nicotiana tabacum. The operation of this machine doesn’t need to adjust the flue-cured tobacco fertilization measures about nitrogen rate, dressing tobacco and so on, and the predate time of the operation is inaptitude to exceed 30 days before transplantation, and the requirement of the soil moisture is slightly higher than general ridger.

  Effects of Period and Number of Removing the Field Inapplicability and Fresh Leaf on Economic Character of Flue-cured Tobacco 2013, 29 (4):  163-167.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2826 Abstract + ( 1050 )   PDF ( 548889KB )   ( 882 ) In order to identify the optimum period and number of removing the field inapplicability and fresh leaves, and further optimum tobacco structure and promote the effective supply ability of high quality tobacco. In this paper, the direct-viewing analysis of orthogonal experiment design method was employed to study the influence of different period and number of removing bottom and top leaves on economic character. The results showed that the period of removing the top leaves was the main factor for fine tobacco ratio, high middle tobacco ratio, mean price and output value; the number of removing bottom leaves was the main factor for yield; every treatments improved the economic characters of flue-cured tobacco in some extent and the treat 3 and the treat 5 were the best.

  Analyzing Yield Suitability of Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties with AMMI Model 2013, 29 (4):  168-172.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2783 Abstract + ( 888 )   PDF ( 570478KB )   ( 705 ) The yield character of five pilots and ten varieties were analyzed for tobacco regional trial in 2011 with AMMI model. The result showed that: (1) the effects of environment and genotype×environment on yield were significant at 1%, the order of yield influence factors was environment, genotype×environment, genotype. (2) The order of prolificacy was as follows: AH1002>AH1001>03-8-4>03-6-1>‘K326’>6507>03-4-3> 2010A7>2010A10>2010A6. While yielding dependability was in the order of 03-6-1>2010A10>AH1001> AH1002>2010A6>03-4-3>‘K326’>2010A7>6507>03-8-4. (3) The variety AH1002 and AH1001 had high and stable yield with wide adaptability; the variety 2010A10 had a poor prolificacy, but it had a better yielding dependability, thus it need very carefulness when popularization of variety; the variety 03-8-4 had a better prolificacy, but it had a poor yielding dependability, thus it need select suitable planting areas when popularization of variety.

  Effects of Long-term Green Manure Return to Field on the Yield, Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco and Soil Improvement 2013, 29 (4):  173-177.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3388 Abstract + ( 950 )   PDF ( 533257KB )   ( 787 ) To improve soil improvement, tobacco quality and make sustainable development of flue-cured tobacco production in Huidong tobacco growing-area were the purpose of this research. With tobacco-green manure crop rotation field experiments and indoor analysis for five consecutive years from 2008 to 2012, the field experiment was conducted to study long-term green manure to field on the yield, quality of flue-cured tobacco and soil improvement. The results showed that green manure could improve average price, fine tobacco ratio and economic benefits. The potassium content was significantly increased and the chemical composition was more coordinate. The appearance quality was better, and smoking score was higher while the used amount was 15000-22500 kg/hm2. Meanwhile, the soil enzyme activity, soil nutrient and water content were also enhanced. It played an important role in soil improvement and recovering the soil fertility.

  Study on the Each Developmental Climate Condition Evaluation in the Tobacco Field Growing Period in Wannan Area 2013, 29 (4):  178-182.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2919 Abstract + ( 899 )   PDF ( 654011KB )   ( 690 ) To developing a better method of evaluating annual climatic conditions in tobacco field growing period, temperature, precipitation and sunshine times were taken as climate elements in tobacco growth process in Wannan Area. According to the tobacco growth philosophy and climate conditions, the single factor climate influence function was built, and then the comprehensive influence function was built by using with the principal component analysis (PCA) for determining the influencing weights and main factors of each tobacco developmental stage. Using 2012 data as an example, by calculating the 10-days climate influence function, drawing histogram, calculating climate anomaly and then summarizing, the analysis of climatic condition was made in the tobacco field growing period. As was the example with the histogram, it is available that made it easier to give a picture of each developmental climate effect in the growth of field tobacco. Combing with the convention climate anomaly method, the climatic influence process, content and cause in the tobacco field growing period were easier found. It also had the objective and quantitative advantages. Being with its climate average value as the basis, it can facilitate the difference of interannual and make different regional comparison available. The evaluation terms were standard and popular. It is continent for service utilization, and it also benefitted to accumulate the tobacco production management experience and promote the rational use of climatic resources in tobacco planting.

  Effects of Onion Fertilization on Its Yield and Residual Amount of Soil Nutrient Among Different Soil Layers in Runoff Area of Xingyun Lake 2013, 29 (4):  183-188.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2727 Abstract + ( 1089 )   PDF ( 620119KB )   ( 795 ) In the light of realistic problem of lake water quality influenced by the increasing residual amount of soil nutrient, arising from the vegetable growing area and excessive fertilization in runoff area of Xingyun Lake, filed experiment was conducted to study the effects of fertilization technologies on onion yield and the changes of nutrient among soil layers before and after experiment. The results showed that the fertilization technologies had no obvious effect on onion yield, and the maximum onion yield was occurred in this fertilization technology (total 450 kg/hm2 nitrogen(N), 0 kg/hm2 P2O5 and 150 kg/hm2 K2O; first using 10% nitrogenous fertilizer and 50% potash fertilizer as base fertilizer, then applying 20% nitrogenous fertilizer 15 days after transplanting, lastly applying 70% nitrogenous fertilizer and 50% potash fertilizer in the initial stage of onion bulb expansion). The residual amounts of soil available N in this layers(0-35 cm, 35-50 cm) were significantly raising with the increasing of application amount of N, however, the case was slightly decreasing in 50-75 cm. The residual amounts of soil available phosphorus and potassium in 0-35 cm were significantly raising with the increasing of respective application amount of P2O5 and K2O, however, the case were slightly increasing among layers located under the cultivated horizon.

  Effect of Luffa Stocks on Yield and Quality of Summer-Fall Continuous Cultivation Balsam Pears 2013, 29 (4):  189-194.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2655 Abstract + ( 964 )   PDF ( 571950KB )   ( 764 ) To investigate the effect of luffa stocks on yield and quality of balsam pears and optimize high quality luffa stocks for balsam pears, the competitive tests of main agronomic traits, yield and quality of balsam pears were made on the five self-fertile and 3 common used luffa stocks, and use‘CuiLv’as the cion. The results showed that different luffa stocks had different effect on the survival rate, first female flower position, as well as the withering disease rate. They also significantly impacted the yield of balsam pears. No significant variations were found on the content of water, Vc, protein, calcium, cellulose between 8 grafted balsam pears and self-rooted balsam pears. The amino acids evaluation indicated that the‘Stock-6’and‘Stock-14’were higher in most amino acids content than the self-rooted balsam pears. Overall, the‘Stock-6’(Silver Stock 1) and‘Stock-14’(Silver Stock 2) were recommended for summer-fall rootstocks on the balsam pears.

  Introduction to China and European Union Standards for Pesticide Residue in Apple 2013, 29 (4):  195-199.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2800 Abstract + ( 1368 )   PDF ( 535832KB )   ( 1314 ) This article summarized the establishments and developments of pesticide residues standards of apple in China and European Union. The results showed that there were 66 kinds of pesticide residue limited on apple in China, and 389 in European Union (included temporary limited). Moreover, the article analyzed the comparison of pesticide residue limits in China with which in European Union, and revealed that in 66 kinds of pesticide MRL in China, there were 10 kinds no limit in EU, 7 kinds above the EU limit, 13 kinds consistent with EU, 36 kinds below the EU limits. This research indicated the problems of pesticide residues standards of apple in China, included lack of consistency, less variety, low requirements specified limits, and unbalanced types. Furthermore it pointed out the suggestions from the standard setting, information exchange and talent development.

  Indoor Toxicity Test of Ten Fungicides and Their Mixtures to Jujube Black Spot Pathogen 2013, 29 (4):  200-205.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3160 Abstract + ( 926 )   PDF ( 639875KB )   ( 718 ) The aims were to screen the pesticides of controlling Jujube Black Spot effectively, reduce the peasants' blindness of pesticide application, improve the control level of disease and enhance the economic efficiency of jujube orchard. The toxicity measurement used spore germination method. Firstly the fungicides concentration range was determined on the basis of preliminary test, and then the fungicides virulence was determined in the laboratory. The results showed that the toxicity of 25% pyraclostrobin EC was strongest, with the EC50 of 0.0373 mg/L. Followed by 50% flusilazole·azoxystrobin AS and 80% carbendazim WP and 10% difenoconazole WG with 16.0725 and 43.8137 and 63.198 mg/L EC50 values respectively. While 50% tebuconazole·prochloraz AS behaved worst and its EC50 was 7007.383 mg/L. The mixtures of 80% carbendazim WP and 25% pyraclostrobin EC with ratio of A (6:1), B (3:1) and E (1:6) had the highest cotoxicity coefficient of 698.3147, 5131.721, 322.2999, and the synergies was very obviously. The virulence experiments indicated that 25% pyraclostrobin EC, 50% flusilazole·azoxystrobin AS, 10% difenoconazole WG and 80% carbendazim WP agent had relatively strong virulence to jujube black spot pathogen and could be used in further production.

  Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium Fertilizers on the Growth and Schaftoside Content of Desmodium styracifolium 2013, 29 (4):  206-209.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3048 Abstract + ( 1109 )   PDF ( 576059KB )   ( 733 ) The aims were to study the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers on the growth and schaftoside content of D. styracifolium, and provide scientific basis for its rational fertilization and standardized cultivation. Randomized block design in yield was used and content of schaftoside was determined by HPLC. The content of schaftoside in different groups came up to the standards in the Chinese pharmacopoeia except for A03, A06, A12, A13 groups. By comparing biomass accumulation and schaftoside content of single plant among the different treatment groups, the top three groups were as follows: N=12 g/m2, N:P:K=3:2:2 (A07), N=18 g/m2, N:P:K=3:1:1 (A13), and N=18 g/m2, N:P:K=3:2:1 (A14). There was a significant positive correlation between the schaftoside content and plant biomass. In consideration of fertilizer amount, yield and schaftoside content, the treatment mode of A07 (N=12 g/m2, N:P:K=3:2:2) was the most economic. The reasonably fertilizing in complex treatment of N, P, K could increase the yield and quality of D. styracifolium.

  Quantitative Evaluation of Geological Heritages in Bayan nur National Geopark 2013, 29 (4):  210-215.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3922 Abstract + ( 1104 )   PDF ( 1020589KB )   ( 942 ) Geological heritage is very important resources of tourism, and also is the basis of Geopark construction. So, the survey and assessment of geological heritage are essential in the construction and development of Geopark. As the geological heritage is a kind of the composite natural resources, into nature, rarity, typical, integrates scientific and ornamental, it includes scientific research, tourism, education and other important functions and role. So that the geological heritage determination of the content and choice of evaluation methods are put forward higher requirements. Therefore, this article based on the geological heritage characteristic analysis in the Geopark. This paper using AHP and comprehensive evaluation (weighted sum of multi-index comprehensive evaluation model), and expert consultation combining three types of evaluation method, calculate the geological heritage resources and acquires a quantitative result was 8.561. And the result provided reference for the protection, development and construction of Bayan nur National Geopark.

  The Application of Fruit Ornamental Trees in Landscape of North University——A Case Study of South Campus of the Northwest A&F University 2013, 29 (4):  216-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3357 Abstract + ( 914 )   PDF ( 623120KB )   ( 704 ) In order to provide theoretical basis for the application of ornamental fruit trees in landscape of north university, through consulting some literatures and taking the south campus of Northwest A & F University as an example, the author analyzed the type of ornamental fruit trees, summed up the application form and ornamental on campus, and analyzed the current major problems. The results showed that: the plants mainly belonged to Rosaceae, and the other kinds of ornamental fruit plants were less. Utilizing native trees, enriching the plant species and building plant arrangement model for ecology campus were put forward.