Abstract: Chifeng in Inner Mongolia is one of the major producing areas of common buckwheat in China. In order to study the biodiversity of common buckwheat accessions from Chifeng and make good use of the materials for breeding, we analyzed the genetic diversity and relationship among seventy-three common buckwheat accessions using fifteen pairs of SSR primers. Seventy-seven bands were amplified, fifty of which were polymorphic, which accounted for 64. 9%. Genetic coefficient of most accessions ranged from 0.78 to 0.96 by software NTSYSpc2.1 based on SSR results. The seventy-three common buckwheat accessions could be divided into four groups on coefficient threshold of 0.81. The fifty-eight accessions from Chifeng were found in all groups, indicating the high biodiversity of the accessions.