Current issue

• 2013 Vol.29 No.33 Published:25 November 2013

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  Photosynthetic Production Simulation Based on Plant Type in Rice: A Review 2013, 29 (33):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0975 Abstract + ( 819 )   PDF ( 494151KB )   ( 690 ) The plant type of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a comprehensive character to reflect canopy structure and population photosynthetic posture. Combination of optimum plant type and strong subspecies heterosis is the key to improve unit area grain yield in rice. Make using of the technology of computer visualization and three-dimensional digitization could realize visualization simulation of three-dimensional structure for single plant and population canopy with different rice plant types, which overcome the shortcoming of complexity and fussiness in applying G-function. Through regulation cultivation management measures can construct high photosynthetic efficiency canopy structure, increase the amount of light interception and consequently improve grain yield in rice. Make using of the radiosity and ray tracing technology can realize precision simulation of PAR distribution within the canopy of different rice plant types at three-dimensional space, which make up for hypothesis in applying the index model. Studies on the rice light distribution and photosynthesis simulation based on physio-ecological process have been quickly and extensive developed, which provide strongly modeling and quantitative support for the development of digital agriculture technology. The difference of rice plant type changes the light distribution and utilization within rice canopy and influences canopy photosynthesis and biomass accumulation. Thus, system analysis the quantitative relationship between plant type and light distribution/photosynthesis within rice canopy is conducive to improve population light utilization efficiency and grain yield.

  Research Progress and Developmental Countermeasures on Crop Germplasm Resources in Gansu Province 2013, 29 (33):  6-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3801 Abstract + ( 714 )   PDF ( 556159KB )   ( 741 ) The special study was conducted aimed to limitation of crop germplasm protection and appraisal and use, to shortage of inventory germplasm information, incomplete sharing system, and low use efficiency etc. The main research progress made on crop germplasm collection, preservation, identification, evaluation and utilization in Gansu Province were summarized, and the main problems existing for crop germplasm collection and preservation, utilization of germplasm resources, sharing platform construction, shortage of research budget etc. were analyzed. Countermeasures and suggestions, from further improve cognition on crop germplasm research importance, study core collection, development and use good gene, innovation of germplasm research methods, perfecting sharing systems construction of germplasm resources etc, are put forward.

  A Review About the Possible Mechanism of Cotton Premature Senescence Under Drip Irrigation Below Mulch Film from the Perspective of Underground 2013, 29 (33):  11-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3133 Abstract + ( 893 )   PDF ( 554696KB )   ( 552 ) There were more reports about cotton premature senescence under drip irrigation below mulch film (DI) in recent years. In this paper, a summary about the research results of cotton premature senescence in domestic and international was be made, and then combination the analysis of the root zone special micro-environment under DI, we consider the premature senescence under DI is attributable to change of the cotton root growth and distribution coupled with the high boll load: the cotton root growth and distribution showed a significant configuration changes (increase in the number of lateral roots, main root degradation, shallow root distribution) under DI. So the root system of plants cannot respond rapidly to environmental change. On the other hand, shoot growth of cotton is better under DI due to warming and superior coated fertilizer supply, and there are more boll so that the premature senescence are likely to occurrence due to lack of shoot nutrient supply in the event of adverse conditions. Therefore, we believe that will be the key to solve the problem of cotton premature senescence under DI is to build a cotton root system which more matches with shoot growth, and conformation distribution is more reasonable, more resistance to environmont.

  Progress in Researches on the Mechanism of Abscission of Plant Organs 2013, 29 (33):  17-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3528 Abstract + ( 888 )   PDF ( 483463KB )   ( 591 ) Researches on the mechanism of abscission of plant organs have important implications for regulating plant growth and improving out-put and quality of agricultural products. Abscission of plant organs was a complex physiological process. Abscission layer could regulate physiological and biochemical method in the cell to complete the abscission of plant organs by feeling abscission signal of environmental factors and grow factor. The research progress of mechanism and regulation of hormones (auxin, ethylene and abscisic acid) and enzymes (pectinase, cellulose and peroxidase) in physiology and molecular was summarized in this paper. The conclusion may facilitate the study of constitutive model for the analysis on the mechanism and regulation of abscission of plant organs.

  Research Advancement in Loss Pathways of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Soils 2013, 29 (33):  22-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3495 Abstract + ( 1026 )   PDF ( 642225KB )   ( 692 ) Nitrogen and phosphorus emission of the agricultural non-point source pollution is one of the most important reason to cause eutrophication. This article describes the progress in the study of nitrogen and phosphorus loss recent years, and clarifies the mechanism of the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural non-point source pollution from leaching and runoff losses. Finally, this paper investigates the problems and directions of the research of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and its loss pathways, in order to provide a reference for improving fertilization methods and researching technology to control loss of farmland nitrogen and phosphorus.

  Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Level on Group Quality and Nitrogen Utilization Ratio of Japonica Rice in the Cold Region 2013, 29 (33):  26-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3094 Abstract + ( 627 )   PDF ( 782606KB )   ( 411 ) In order to exploring correlation of different nitrogen application level and group growth and Nitrogen utilization ratio of japonica rice in the cold region, ‘Longjing 21’ and ‘Kendao 12’ of Heilongjiang Province were used to study the effects of different nitrogen application level on group quality and nitrogen utilization ratio of japonica rice in the cold region. The results showed that, nitrogen fertilizer could significantly increase rice yield, but under conditions of the excessive nitrogen fertilizer, not only growth period was delayed and effective tiller rate reduced and group quality was deterioration, but also the yield did not reach high levels. Dry matter weight and LAI of full heading stage and yield had a conic relationship. And the best value of dry matter weight: ‘Longjing21’ was 9262.5±20 kg/hm2, ‘Kendao12’ was 8715.8±20 kg/hm2. The best value of LAI: ‘Longjing21’ was 5.2, ‘Kendao12’ was 5.04. At the same time, per unit area plants absorbed nitrogen fertilizer increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application, but nitrogen fertilizer utilization ratio decreased, and the highest utilization ratio was N1 (44.44%, 42.9%). Nitrogen fertilizer requirement of 100 kg production was slightly different, but the difference between each treatment was not significant. N2 (pur N 135 kg/hm2) was more reasonable.

  Extracting Rice Planting Area and Precision Analysis by Using MODIS Data 2013, 29 (33):  32-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3533 Abstract + ( 755 )   PDF ( 1729644KB )   ( 616 ) In order to study the suitability of MODIS data and methods on the extraction of rice planting area in Northeast China, this study extracted the rice planting area in Northeast China, using unsupervised classification and decision tree method, based on the MODIS data. The accuracy of the extraction results was analyzed with MODIS, SPOT and ALOS remote sensing data. The results showed that, it had satisfied results for MODIS data on monitoring rice area. Using unsupervised classification method, the rice area was extracted from MODIS-LSWI data in Heilongjiang Province during the transplanting period. Compared with SPOT data, the extraction precision reached 97.4%. Using decision tree method, the rice area was extracted from MODIS data in Liaoning Panjin area during the transplanting period. Compared with ALOS data, the extraction precision reached 89.5%. So it was feasible for monitoring rice area by using MODIS data and methods in Northeast China.

  The Establishment of High Efficient Regeneration System in Ningxia Rice D10 2013, 29 (33):  37-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2134 Abstract + ( 803 )   PDF ( 1545539KB )   ( 467 ) The author choose the mature embryo of Ningxia high quality rice D10 as explants in tissue culture, in order to improving Ningxia fragrance rice with gene silence technology and established optimal and high efficient regeneration system. The effect of medium, exogenous plant hormone, genotype, light and temperature on vitro culture and regeneration system was studied by plant tissue culture method. The result showed that, different medium had different induction rate in D10. N6D medium was the highest induction rate, while MS medium was the lowest. The callus in 32℃ discontinued lighting culture condition were obviously better than 30℃ 12 h/d. 1 mg/L TDZ combining with low concentration IAA improved green shoot induction rate to 100%. Additionally, N6D medium pulsed 2 mg/L ABA could increased callus induction rate to 100%. The optimum condition and medium were 32℃ discontinued lighting culture in N6D medium pulsed 2 mg/L ABA, B5+TDZ 1 mg/L +IAA 0.2 mg/L differentiation medium and 1/2MS+KT 2 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L+CH 2 g/L+Sorb 30 g/L shooting medium. The high efficient regeneration system in mature embryo of Ningxia high quality rice D10 was established.

  Genetic Diversity of Japonica Rice Varieties in Ningxia Province by Using Phenotypic Character 2013, 29 (33):  43-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3836 Abstract + ( 911 )   PDF ( 860394KB )   ( 603 ) In order to estimate the level of genetic diversity of Japonica rice in Ningxia, the genetic diversity of sixteen phenotypic characters of the sixty Japonica rice varieties of Ningxia Province were analyzed. The results indicated that, among the sixteen phenotypic characters of the sixty Japonica rice varieties of Ningxia Province had the significant genetic deference, and six phenotypic characters of plant height, total grains per panicl, filled grains per panicl, economic factors, seed setting rate and culm length had bigger variation range and higher vaiance and standard deviation and higher discrete degree; and the coefficient of variation of total grains per panicl, filled grains per panicl, spikelet density, panicles per plant and yield per panicl had over 14%, and F test showed that the sixteen phenotypic characters had extremely significant difference; analyses of genetic correlation showed that among different phenotypic characters had significant and extremely significant correlation, and some of them had positive correlation and some of them had negative correlation, and among different phenotypic characters had complex relationship; analyses of genetic diversity indicated that phenotypic genetic diversity index ranged from 1.644 to 2.092, the average range was 1.957; using chi-square distance by UPGMA clustering method, on the chi-square distance of 0.11 could be classed into eight distinct classes, which the Yanghe white rice, ‘Fu 105’, ‘Tianfeng 302’ and ‘Hua86’ belongs to each class, other germplasms from Ningxia and other provinces had been clustered the Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ, Ⅷ class, but 57% germplasms had been clustered the Ⅵ class, and on the chi-square distance of 0.18 the Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ, Ⅷ class could be classed into one class, indicated that these germplasm had the close sibship. Yanghe white rice was the landrace of Ningxia and had the farthest genetic relationships than the others. The results showed that, among the Japonica rice varieties of Ningxia Province had lesser genetic difference and single genetic background and closer genetic relationship.

  Evaluation of Salt Tolerance in Rice Germplasm 2013, 29 (33):  50-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3658 Abstract + ( 1139 )   PDF ( 579012KB )   ( 668 ) The research aimed to further evaluate salt tolerance of different rice materials, so as to provide germplasm resources and parents for salt-tolerant rice breeding. 14 rice lines with strong salt tolerance and 7 rice varieties were used to evaluate salt tolerance in germination and seedling stage. The results showed that, when treated with 150 mmol/L NaCl, the germination rate and bud length of all materials were restrained to different extent. The germination rate of D-1, D-3, D-4, D-7, D-13, ‘Changbai 10’, ‘Jie 9’ and D10 were high, and its relative salt harm rate were low, the salt tolerance were showed to be very strong and the grade reached to 1, the ratio of salt treatment (T) and non-salt treatment (CK) of bud length were high, this indicated these materials suffered little from salt and with strong salt tolerance. When seedlings treated with 100 mmol/L NaCl, the rate of average dead leaf of materials ‘Changbai 10’, D-10, ‘Jie 10’, D-13, ‘Tianjin 4’, D-14, D-11, D-2, D10 and D-8 were low, the water content of ground and underground decreased little and the soluble sugar content increased more than other materials. Therefore, these materials have strong osmoregulation ability and have strong salt tolerance in seedling stage.

  Identification and Hybridization Usage of CIMMYT Wheat Germplasms 2013, 29 (33):  56-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1808 Abstract + ( 622 )   PDF ( 518766KB )   ( 478 ) In order to improve wheat germplasm diversity, increase wheat yield and quality, agronomic and quality characters were evaluated for 145 foreign wheat germplasms in the field in southern Shanxi Province. The results showed that, these germplasms were weak vernal wheat, which might be sown on late Oct. as germplasm use in southern Shanxi Province. The coefficients of variance of spikes per plant, kernels per spike, 1000-grain weight and yield were 15.7%, 16.03%, 12.23% and 23.96% respectively. Most of the germplasms had better intergrated traits, especially in seed gluten. Agronomic traits had greater genetic diversity. Plant height and 1000-grain weight had significantly correlation with yield. Thirty-two germplasms yielded more than 3750 kg/hm2. We selected 8 trong gluten wheat germplasms and 35 better intergrated traits germplasms which had large spike, spikelets with many kernels as key germplasms for breeding. We adjusted the sowing date to meet flowering of these materials for hybridization with good local strains and produced abundant F3, BCF2 and BC1F1 generation. New drought-tolerance materials and strains with large spike and high yielding may be selected from the CIMMYT generations.

  Character of Climate Change During Winter Wheat Growth Period and Its Effect in Weifang City 2013, 29 (33):  62-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0808 Abstract + ( 928 )   PDF ( 637961KB )   ( 696 ) In order to study the effects of climate change on winter wheat production, main climate change and its effects during the growth period of winter wheat in Weifang were analyzed, by using the methods of climate change trend rate, cubic polynomial function and linear regression with observational data of growth stages of winter wheat in Weifang in 1981-2010 for 30 years and temperature, precipitation, sunshine hours during the growth stage, to provide the basis on winter wheat planting. The results showed that, average temperature interannual variation during growth stages of winter wheat in Weifang was on the rise, with climate trend rate of 0.24℃ per 10 years; precipitation interannual variability was on the decline, with climate trend rate of -0.49 mm per 10 years; the sunshine hours interannual variability significantly reduced, on average, every 10 years to reduce 50.18 h. The whole growth period of winter wheat significantly shortened, by 0.426 days a year. The seedling, turning-green and grain filling stage shortened, and the overwintering period, jointing and booting stage extended. Climate yield of winter wheat was on the decline, relationship between climate yield and temperature was negative, and relationship between climate yield and precipitation, sunshine hours were positive.

  Effect of Seed Dressing with Various Growth Regulator on Seedling Stage of Wheat 2013, 29 (33):  67-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3410 Abstract + ( 779 )   PDF ( 622529KB )   ( 499 ) A pot experiment of seed dressing with three growth regulators at five dose was conducted in the test, the regulating effects of those growth regulators on seedling growth in wheat were studied to determine the dose of those growth regulators. The main results were as follow: the seed dressing of PP333, seed coating formulation and seed dressing agent could decrease germination energy and improve germination rate. Applying these three growth regulator to the production was safe for regular seedling emergence. And these three growth regulator could increase the initial rate of endosperm consumption, accelerate the translation of endosperm consumption, promote the seed germination and improve the emergence of young seedling. The young seedlings treated with PP333 accelerated the processes of development, shortened the length of leaf, decreased plant height, increased the leaf width, promoted tillers and increased accumulation of dry matter. The appropriate concentration was 1-1.5 g/kg. The seed coating formulation and seed dressing agent accelerated the leaf age, increased tillers and dry matter accumulated and was benefit to cultivating seedling. The treatments had significant effects when the seed coating formulation of 8-10 g/kg and seed dressing agent of 1.5-2 g/kg.

  Responce of NaCl and Na2SO4 Stress on Germination and Starch Conversion of Germinating Seeds of Maize 2013, 29 (33):  74-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3139 Abstract + ( 792 )   PDF ( 772645KB )   ( 457 ) The maize seed（Zhengdan 958）were selected to study the relationship between germination and starch conversion in salty stress by germinating experiment under different concentrations of NaCl and Na2SO4. Germination rate, bud dry weight, root dry weight, starch, soluble sugar and sucrose content was determined. The results showed that, with increasing Na+ concentration, corn seed germination rate, radicle growth and plumule growth decreased, which is consistent with the trend of starch conversion, sucrose and soluble sugar content in seed, and maize seed germination rate was a significant positive related to starch conversion (p<0.05). There was higher sucrose content of seed in NaCl treatment than in Na2SO4 treatment. Soluble sugar content of seed in NaCl treatment was higher in in Na2SO4 treatment in low Na + concentration; however, it is controversial in higher Na+ concentration. Thus, increased salty concentration and species decreased the starch conversion rate, changed the distribution of sugar, it can be seen to change supply and demand of energy during germinating period, and result in reduced germination rate.

  Identification of genetic relationship of corn germplasms with molecular markers and evaluation of their salt tolerance 2013, 29 (33):  79-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3708 Abstract + ( 716 )   PDF ( 874998KB )   ( 545 ) In order to analyze the genotypes of 10 corn accessions, detect their salt-tolerant level and reveal salt-tolerance machanism in corn, 20 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers were used to amplify the 10 corn accessions, and the corresponding SSR fingerprints were obtained to collect 0, 1 data. The method of NJ cluster analysis was performed to construct dendrograms. Meanwhile, NaCl solution with the concentration of 0, 100, 200 and 300 mmol/L, respectively was prepared and employed on the corn seedlings. Plant height of the corn materials was measured as the reference data of salt resistance. After seven times of reatment with NaCl solution, the activity of antioxidative enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) was detected. The genetic relationships of the 10 corn accessions were identified according to the molecular marker data, with the genetic similarity coefficient varying from 0.54 to 0.71. Based on the plant height data and the results of enzymatic activity that 5 salt-resistant corn materials were chosen, which were Xianyu335, Zhengdan958, LH214, 83IBI4 and LH204. The results will be helpful to choose the best parents for corn salt-tolerant breeding.

  EOF Analysis of the Potential Yield Based on the Simulation Results of Summer Maize Growth 2013, 29 (33):  85-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3774 Abstract + ( 784 )   PDF ( 1007608KB )   ( 791 ) In order to verify the impact level of climatic factors on summer maize yield in the North China Plain (NCP), some ecological items, including development stage and dry matter accumulation processes, were measured with the field experiments on summer maize at the Yucheng Comprehensive Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, located in the North China Plain. Based on the measurements, the crop growth model WOFOST was improved and calibrated. Then the model was used to simulate the potential and rainfed yield from 1961 to 2006 at 42 different stations distributed in the NCP. Results showed that: validation of the model indicated that the model was suitable for simulation of the summer maize growth in this region. Potential yield regionally increased from southwest to northeast ranging from 7360 kg/hm2 to 11370 kg/hm2, with an averaged yield of 9384 kg/hm2. Variance of the first mode contributed to more than 1/3 of the total variance value, and the accumulated variance contributions of the first three modes was as high as 62.5%. Value of the first mode was positive in the whole area, indicating a good uniformity regionally. Rainfed yield ranged from 6160 kg/hm2 to 10420 kg/hm2, with an averaged yield of 7906 kg/hm2, also regionally increasing from southwest to northeast. Accounting for as high as about 1/3 of total variance contributions, the first two EOF modes are obviously greater than those of the rest. By combining crop model simulation with EOF method, for the first time, this research revealed the impact degree of different climatic factors on summer maize yield in different regions of the NCP, based on which theoretical support and practical guide can be given out for the regional agricultural layouts.

  Water Requirement and Its Law of Silage Corn in Northern Xinjiang Arid Desert Grassland 2013, 29 (33):  94-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3932 Abstract + ( 722 )   PDF ( 591048KB )   ( 540 ) In order to determine the silage maize in different stages during the growth period of water demand and water requirement, put forward reasonable irrigation system of corn silage. This paper got the silage corn water requirement and water requirement law preliminary by analyzing the 2010 Aletai region silage corn irrigation experiment data. The results showed that, silage corn water requirement was 593 mm under the suitable soil moisture conditions, water requirement law was early and late take less water, fertility period needs much more water, which was parabola. Water consumption intensity was changing with temperature obviously. Water consumption coefficient of seedling stage was minimum value in all stages, but maximum value appeared at booting-blossom period except booting-blossom period drought treatment appeared at tillering and jointing stage. Yield maximum was 54.5 t/hm2 under full irrigation, and the minimum was 22.9 t/hm2 of the elongation stage and booting-blossom period drought. Booting-blossom period under light drought treatment got maximum moisture productivity, which was 12.42 kg/m3. In the case of sufficient water, irrigation amount of silage corn irrigation amount wasn’t exceeding YM8; but when the irrigation water was very scarce, in order to ensure that the limited water resources were fully utilized, should use the YM3 mode.

  Effects of Controlled-release Fertilizer Application Rates on the Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Leaf Nitrogen Content of Dry Land Summer Maize 2013, 29 (33):  101-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4189 Abstract + ( 854 )   PDF ( 695223KB )   ( 445 ) The objective of experiment was to quantify effects of controlled-release fertilizer application rates on summer maize nitrogen nutrition, the temporal and spatial distribution of leaf nitrogen content of summer maize, cultivar ‘Zhengdan958’, was examined. Four application levels of controlled release fertilizer were designed as 0, 682, 1023, 1364 kg/hm2 respectively. The results showed that: all three main effects on leaf nitrogen content of application rates, leaf-position and sampling period was significant, the same was the interaction between application and sampling period, but the interaction between application rates and leaf-position was not. After emergence, maize leaf nitrogen content was the highest at big trump stage, and the least at maturity stage. Leaf nitrogen contents of middle layer leaves were the largest, compared to the upper and lower layer leaves, of which leaf nitrogen contents appeared to be of fluctuation. Thought leaf nitrogen contents of different layer leaves changed due to fertilizer application rates, the temporal and spatial distribution pattern didn’t changed. There was significant positive correlation between middle layer leaf nitrogen content and crop yield, which reached the maximum value when fertilizer application rate was 1023 kg/hm2. The middle layer leaf could be used as the indicative leaf position of monitoring maize’s nitrogen nutritional status.

  Effect of Different Mulching Treatments on Soil Water Content and Temperature and Water Use Efficiency of Maize 2013, 29 (33):  107-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0021 Abstract + ( 661 )   PDF ( 629222KB )   ( 491 ) To explore maize mulching cultivation form in Southeast of Shanxi Province, the test set up ZP, SP, ZJ, ZS, ZW, ZY, ZG and CK eight treatments. Studying the different treatments of the soil water content and temperature, yield and water use efficiency. The results showed that: the different cover processing could maintain the soil moisture, soil water content compared with the CK increase of 0.4%-3.9%; covering treatment apart from CK could increase the temperature, compared with the CK increase of 1.6-2.5℃; each cover treatment could effectively increase corn production in two years, the average yield increased by 32.8%-56.6% compared with the CK; mulching treatments could inhibit the evaporation of soil moisture water to reduce the water consumption of the growth period, maize WUE increased by 23.0%-58.9% compared with the CK.

  Analysis of Flowering-Related Traits in Maize (Zea mays L.)Using RIL 2013, 29 (33):  112-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1518 Abstract + ( 685 )   PDF ( 732517KB )   ( 717 ) Abstract: In present studies, we selected K12 and HuangZaoSi as the Parents to Synthesis 162 recombinant inbred lines by using single seed descend method. By detecting the flowering traits (i.e. tasseling、anthesising、silking、ASI and TAI), we intend to analyze the improvement for the Parents. The results indicated that these flowering traits in different degree of change, and achieved the good related effect. Most coefficients of phenotypic variation within groups have different degrees of increase, in line with the characteristics of recombinant inbred lines. Frequency distribution is consistent with normal distribution, indicating that the population has a useful value for further QTL studies.

  Effect of Sulfur on the Accumulation of Soyasaponins in Different Soybean Varieties 2013, 29 (33):  118-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3502 Abstract + ( 762 )   PDF ( 897321KB )   ( 470 ) In order to evaluate the effect of sulfur on the accumulation of soyasaponins, the best phosphorus levels of different genotype soybean varieties were explored to improve their qualities. 3 soybean varieties (‘Heinong48’, high-proteincultivar; ‘Heinong37’, middle cultivar; and ‘Heinong44’, high-oil cultivar) grown more in Heilongjiang Province were investigated. The soybean seeds were planted in pots. 4 levels of sulfur (S) treatment were designed, which were S1, S2, S3 and S4 (0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 g of sulfur per kilogram of soil). The accumulation of mature soybean seed soyasaponins was determined by organic solvent extraction. It showed that: soyasaponins content of ‘HN48’ peaked under S3 level; soyasaponins content of ‘HN44’ and ‘HN37’ peaked under S3 level; but it shew little change in ‘HN37’ under S1 to S3 level. High sulphur content reduced the content of soyasaponins. Different genotype soybean had different sensitive to sulphur. These findings suggested that appropriate amounts of S fertilization might contribute to the increased concentrations of soyasaponins.

  Effect of Drought and Rewatering on Photosynthetic Characteristics in Soybean Seedings Under Different Air Humidity 2013, 29 (33):  124-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3450 Abstract + ( 788 )   PDF ( 655293KB )   ( 507 ) In order to study the effects of water deficit and rewatering on soybean seedlings under different air related humidity (RH), the cross pot experiments including four treatments, the two-level soil moisture factor (W/D) and the two-level RH (H/L), were carried to do primary researches on tested material ‘Yudou19’. The controlled temperature and RH were setted in plant growth chamber. The results indicated that, all parameters were conformed to WH > WL > DH > DL. It obviously inferred that, soil moisture was more significant than air humidity by largely affecting plant’s growth. While, by raising RH could only relieve the injuries coursed by drought stress. The stomatal limitations to photosynthesis were dominant under drought stress. Rewatering experiments made all the treatments recovering from the risk of drought, and rewatered experimental groups were finally close to the level of the control groups.

  SSR Marker-based Genetic Diversity of Common Buckwheat Accessions from Chifeng 2013, 29 (33):  129-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3833 Abstract + ( 628 )   PDF ( 702741KB )   ( 559 ) Chifeng in Inner Mongolia is one of the major producing areas of common buckwheat in China. In order to study the biodiversity of common buckwheat accessions from Chifeng and make good use of the materials for breeding, we analyzed the genetic diversity and relationship among seventy-three common buckwheat accessions using fifteen pairs of SSR primers. Seventy-seven bands were amplified, fifty of which were polymorphic, which accounted for 64. 9%. Genetic coefficient of most accessions ranged from 0.78 to 0.96 by software NTSYSpc2.1 based on SSR results. The seventy-three common buckwheat accessions could be divided into four groups on coefficient threshold of 0.81. The fifty-eight accessions from Chifeng were found in all groups, indicating the high biodiversity of the accessions.

  The Change of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Its Relationship with Meteorological Factors Among Different Sowing Dates of Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) 2013, 29 (33):  135-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3364 Abstract + ( 657 )   PDF ( 697778KB )   ( 498 ) In order to identify the suitable sowing date and the key effect meteorological factor, with the main cultivars of sweet sorghum as the tested materials in Manas Region of Xinjiang, the photosynthetic characteristics and meteorological factors were measured, to research the change of photosynthetic characteristics and its relationship with meteorological factors among different sowing dates of sweet sorghum. The results showed that, the change of chlorophyll relative content (SPAD) and photosynthetic rate (Pn) expressed in a single peak curve with the peak at flowering stage, and they decreased gradually after filling stage of sweet sorghum. There were significant differences of SPAD and Pn among different sowing dates (P?0.05). Xingaoliang No.3 and Zaoshu T601 were the main cultivars of sweet sorghum in Manas Region of Xinjiang. With the postponing of sowing date, the SPAD and Pn of Xingaoliang No.3 were all the highest under the sowing date of April 25th, and Zaoshu T601 was the sowing date of May 8th. The results also indicated that, it should be sowed proper early for Xingaoliang No.3, and sowed proper lately for Zaoshu T601. The photosynthetic characteristics were significantly positive correlated with air temperature, and negative with wind speed. The temperature was the key meteorological factor affecting sugar accumulation of sweet sorghum, and the effect of precipitation on photosynthetic characteristics was not obvious.

  Study on Dry Matter Accumulation and Selenium’s Uptake, Distribution, Accumulation of Brassica napus 2013, 29 (33):  141-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3638 Abstract + ( 756 )   PDF ( 534168KB )   ( 396 ) In order to indicate the dry matter accumulation and the characteristics of the distribution, absorption and accumulation of selenium in Brassica napus, this paper used the field plot experiment and tested the dry matter accumulation and the content of selenium of different organs at different periods in Brassica napus. The results showed that, the dry matter accumulation quantity of Brassica napus was increased rapidly at harvest period and reached the maximum, the value was 48765.20 kg/hm2. The change of dry matter’s accumulation quantity and the proportion in different organs was different. The dry matter’s accumulation quantity in roots and stems showed a rising trend and reached the maximum at harvest period, the values were 3082.20 kg/hm2, 15138.93 kg/hm2, but the dry matter’s proportion showed a descending trend; the dry matter’s accumulation quantity in leaves showed a descending trend; the dry matter’s accumulation quantity in seeds and siligue shells showed a rising trend and reached the maximum at harvest period, the values were 14922.60 kg/hm2, 15621.47 kg/hm2. Selenium’s accumulation of Brassica napus reached its maximum at harvest period, the value was 6.94 g/hm2. Selenium’s content of roots, stems, leaves, seeds, siligue shells in Brassica napus reached its maximum at siligue shells period, the values were 0.16 mg/kg, 0.26 mg/kg, 0.60 mg/kg, 0.21 mg/kg, 0.34 mg/kg. Selenium’s accumulation of roots, stems, leaves, seeds, siligue shells in Brassica napus reached their maximum at siligue shells period, siligue shells period, seedling period, harvest period, harvest period, the values were 0.24 g/hm2, 1.45 g/hm2, 0.32 g/hm2, 1.66 g/hm2, 3.84 g/hm2. The order of selenium’s content and accumulation in different organs of Brassica napus was siligue shells > seeds > stems > roots at harvest time. Selenium’s distribution center was different at different growth periods, the distribution center was nutritive organs at earlier growth period, and the distribution center was reproductive organs at later growth period. Then, selenium’s proper application should be used at later growth period.

  Diurnal Changes of Photosynthesis and Starch Accumulation Between High and Low Starch Cultivars of Cassava 2013, 29 (33):  146-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4220 Abstract + ( 764 )   PDF ( 836028KB )   ( 506 ) In order to clarify the diurnal variation of high and low starch cassava leaf photosynthesis and starch accumulation, diurnal changes of photosynthesis, soluble sugar contents and starch accumulation and the difference of stomatal density in leaf abaxial / adaxial epidermis were studied, of which high and low starch cultivars was used as materials. The results showed that, the photosynthetic rate of high starch cultivar ‘Fuxuan01’ was higher by increasing illumination intensity compared to that of low starch cultivar ‘Huanan124’, and stomatal density of the leaf abaxial / adaxial epidermis was significantly higher for ‘Fuxuan01’ than that of ‘Huanan124’. For two cassava cultivars, the sugar and soluble sugar contents of leaf was progressively increased from 8:00 to 18:00, and the leaf starch contents accumulated the highest at 18:00 in a day. However, there was significant difference in photosynthetic ability between the high starch cultivar ‘Fuxuan01’ and low starch cultivar ‘Huanan124’, and the photosynthetic ability and accumulating sugar contents for ‘Fuxuan01’ was higher from 8:00 to 14:00, and then ‘Huanan124’ was higher from 16:00 to 18:00. This difference was related to higher gas temperature, which resulted in higher leaf temperature, decreasing the activity of chloroplast and Rubisico and RuBP regenation ability. This was accorded with higher temperature resistant of ‘Huanan124’.

  Studies on The Relationship between Soluble sugar's Transportion,Distribution and The starch Accumulation in The Root Tube of Cassava LUO Xing-LU 2013, 29 (33):  153-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0478 Abstract + ( 808 )   PDF ( 622995KB )   ( 514 ) In field conditions, Using two cassava cultivars SC124 and FuXuan01 as the materials, determine root’s starch accumulation and root,stem,leaf soluble sugar accumulation in the growth period respectively,study the relationship between cassava soluble sugar’s transportion, distribution and the root’s starch accumulation.The results showed that root’s soluble sugar content was significantly decline tendency from the root formation in the early period to mature period, and stem and leaf’s soluble sugar content first with root starch accumulation rate rise, then with the starch accumulation rate decline always significantly higher, keep the opposite trend with starch accumulation rate. In the early root formation, the distribution of soluble sugar is that root accumulation is greater than the stem, stem is greater than the leaf,but in the mature period, root soluble sugar accumulation less than the stem, the stem less than the leaf. Thus it can be seen,the relationship between soluble sugar's transportion,distribution and the root’starch accumulation in cassava is very close,and the main factor of limiting root starch accumulation is library limit. Besides, the high starch varieties have stronger the ability to synthesis assimilate soluble sugar.

  Study on Endogenous Hormones Content and Its Relations to Tuberous Root Starch Accumulation in Cassava LUO Xing-LU 2013, 29 (33):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0784 Abstract + ( 810 )   PDF ( 823414KB )   ( 414 ) The endogenous hormones (IAA, ABA, GA3, CYT) content in the root, stem, leaf and the change of root starch content of different starch content of cassava varieties at different periods were studied in order to explore endogenous hormones (IAA, ABA, GA3, CYT) content of cassava and its relation to tuberous root starch accumulation. The main results were showed as follow: the content of IAA in root, stem, leaf were similar which were peaked at the beginning of the root form. High significant and positive correlation between the content of ABA, GA3 in the root, stem, the content of ABA in the leaf and the contents of starch of tuberous root. ABA, GA3 in the stalks mainly facilitate the tuberous root starch accumulation through the influence of photosynthesis product loading and transport. In root formation and expansion period, the content of CYT in root tubers of the high starch cassava varieties 'Fuxuan01' was higher and longer duration that SC124. High significant negative correlation between IAA, CYT, ABA of the leaf and the contents of starch of tuberous root. As the root mature, this three endogenous hormones had the varying degree rise, which may be related to its anti-aging ability.In the Root tuber of maturity, the content of GA3 in stem SC124 was significantly higher than 'Fuxuan 01', the ABA content in root and leaf of 'Fuxuan 01' was significantly higher than SC124 at later growth stage. It showed that low starch cassava varieties was not easy to premature aging, but the excessive growth of the ground part was bad for tuberous root starch accumulation.

  Cotton Megaenvironment Investigation Based on GGE Biplot and Fiber Length Selection 2013, 29 (33):  165-171.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3333 Abstract + ( 822 )   PDF ( 720832KB )   ( 475 ) GGE biplot analysis method was adopted to explore and investigate the possible megaenvironments in the target cotton planting region with the trial locations including Anqing, Nanyang, Huanggang, Jingzhou, Wuhan, Xiangyang, Changde, Yueyang, Nanjing, Nantong, Jiujiang, Jianyang, Shehong and Cixi as the representatives for cotton fiber length selection in 27 independent sets of cotton variety trials in the Yangtze River Valley during the 2000~2010 periods, in order to provide the scientific basis for the decision-making of cotton variety selection and recommendation for the Yangtze River Valley. The Information Ratio(IR) adjustment method was implemented as a validate tool to ensure sufficient and necessary main principal component scores were selected in GGE biplot analysis. The conclusions showed that the cotton planting regions in Yangtze River Valley was divided into three distinct fiber length selection megaenvironments, namely,the first megaenvironment contains seven test environments including Anqin, Jiujiang, Wuhan, Nantong, Huanggang, Changde and Yueyang; the second megaenvironment contains four test environments including Jingzhou, Yancheng, Nanjing and Shehong; and the third megaenvironment contains test environment of Cixi, Jianyang, Xiangfan and Nanyang.

  The Correlation Between Nitrogen Nutrition of Cotton Plant and SPAD Value in Different Sites of Cotton Leaf 2013, 29 (33):  172-176.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3653 Abstract + ( 917 )   PDF ( 749707KB )   ( 587 ) An nutrient solution experiment with seven nitrogen application levels, and measured the SPAD value of 17 sites in different cotton leaf was conducted to investigate the correlation between nitrogen nutrition status of cotton plant and leaf SPAD value under different nitrogen application. The main aim was to determine the most appropriate measurement sites of leaf SPAD value. The results showed that, the leaf of the reverse 4th from the apex of the main stem was the best measuring leaf because of there was significant correlation between the nitrogen nutrition and SPAD values of the 4th leaf in all leaves. The correlation between the nitrogen nutrition and SPAD values was also different in different determine sites of inverse fourth leaf, which S3 (tip position tip leaf) showed the best significant correlation between SPAD and N concentration of cotton shoot. The results suggested that, the location of near tip of leaf in inverse fourth leaf was the most appropriate site to estimate the nitrogen nutrition status of cotton with SPAD value.

  Impacts of materialized inputs on cotton yield in Aksu district, Xinjiang 2013, 29 (33):  177-182.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1443 Abstract + ( 718 )   PDF ( 732145KB )   ( 504 ) 【Objective】The Aksu District, Xinjiang is an important cotton region in China. It’s important to study the impacts of controllable materialized inputs on cotton yield;【Method】Based on the statistical data of cotton production from 1988 to 2009 in Aksu City and Kuqa County, the influence of materialized inputs on cotton yield in Aksu District of Xinjiang were analyzed through mathematic statistic method;【Result】The cotton yield and materialized inputs (fertilizer application amounts per unit planting area, gross agricultural machinery power per unit planting area, rural electric power per unit planting area) increased year by year, but the marginal cotton yield had been reduced in recent years with the increased amount of materialized inputs. When materialized index increased by 1%, the cotton yield increased by 5.4-5.5 kg/hm2.【Conclusion】Nowadays, it is imperative to distribute scientific and reasonable materialized inputs and adjust the investment proportion for the further development of cotton industry in Aksu District.

  Study on Physiological Characteristics of Hybrid-Bt Cotton KB02 with High-yielding Capacity 2013, 29 (33):  183-187.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1712 Abstract + ( 757 )   PDF ( 584956KB )   ( 677 ) In order to ascertain the mechanism of transgenic hybrid cotton KB02 high yielding, the physiological characteristics of the transgenic hybrid-Bt cotton KB02 F1, KB02 F2, its parents, hybrid Tai-D5 F1 and E-anti-Cotton 13 were studied. The results showed that the turning point from blooming to senescence is at the later full boll stage (about August 17) under our experimental conditions. About September 10, the leaves of POD activity and seed cotton yield was significantly negatively correlated, and the correlation coefficient was -0.8925. With the aging of the plant (August 17 - September the 10th or so), different varieties of SOD, POD activity and MDA concentrations were gradually increased. In late growth of the transgenic hybrid-Bt cotton KB02F1, the chlorophyll content and SOD activity was higher, while the POD activity and MDA content was lower than other varieties, its showed that had anti-senescence characteristics, eventually obtained the highest yield. However the anti-aging physiological characteristics and yield of KB02F2 declined somewhat, there were still stronger than E-anti-Cotton 13 and parents.

  The Effects of No-tillage on Decomposition Rate of Maize Straw 2013, 29 (33):  188-192.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3240 Abstract + ( 763 )   PDF ( 597278KB )   ( 504 ) In order to explore the effects of tillage on decomposition of Maize straw, the research adopting Maize straw as the test material was conducted in Heping Village of Jiaozhou in November, 2008. The experiment used the net bag to simulate traditional and no-tillage patterns, measures the soil water content and temperature. The main results showed that, the dry matter of both tillage patterns decreased sharply to 71.72% and 84.17% in the first 60 days after returning. Under no-tillage pattern, the decomposition rate of straw tend to moderate after 60 days, while the decomposition rate of straw under traditional tillage pattern has no apparent reduction. During this stage the decomposition ratio respectively were 23.07% and 4.73%. After 240 days as the wheat harvesting the remains of dry matter of traditional and no-tillage were 19.37% and 39.45%. The difference of decomposition dynamic result in the environment factors such as soil water content and temperature. During the experiment the soil water content and temperature of traditional are distinctly higher than no-tillage. The knowledge of decomposition can help us the science management and dealing with fertilizer to improve coefficient of fertilizer utilization and field yield.

  Spatial Variability Analysis of Soil Organic Matter in Tongling 2013, 29 (33):  193-199.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3587 Abstract + ( 671 )   PDF ( 1204877KB )   ( 497 ) The research took Tongling County as the study area, apply Geostatistics combined with GIS, selected the soil organic matter as research object, and analyzed the spatial variability feature. According to Kriging interpolation theory, the study further applies different semivariogram model and compares the accuracy between the Root Mean Square Standardized Error (RMSSE) and the Agreement Coefficient (AC). The research indicated that, the spatial interpolation by log transformation cannot improve accuracy, using the RMSSE to compare the accuracy with the original interpolation sample was only a reference, independent validation samples were necessary. The coefficient of variation of soil organic matter was general, the content distribution was uneven and the higher organic matter distributed in the high-altitude location, influenced mainly by the terrain of the region.

  Effect of Long-term Different Fertilizations on Soil Enzyme Activities at Panicle and Harvest Stage of Wheat 2013, 29 (33):  200-206.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3797 Abstract + ( 872 )   PDF ( 732505KB )   ( 434 ) In order to study the response of soil enzymes of wheat season to soil fertility levels, a long-term experiment with four fertilization patterns (CK, NPK, NPK+medium manure, NPK+high manure) started in 2002 at Changshu Agro-ecological Experiment Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences (31°33′N, 120°42′E) to investigate the effects of different fertilizations on soil enzyme activities at panicle and harvest stage of wheat. Four enzymes closely related to soil nutrient and energy cycling, i.e. urease, invertase, acid phosphatase and polyphenoloxidase, were selected to analyze. Results showed that: the treatments of fertilization had significantly higher soil enzyme activities than treatment CK except the polyphenoloxidase, and the treatment NPK+medium manure had the highest enzyme activities among four treatments. Correlative relationship between soil enzyme activities and crop yields was better than that soil nutrients and crop yields. The trends of soil enzyme activities of different fertilizations were similar in the two wheat-growing stages.

  The Resistance of Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria for 7 Antibiotics 2013, 29 (33):  207-213.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3988 Abstract + ( 1135 )   PDF ( 585122KB )   ( 594 ) Abstract:The resistant reaction of eight strains tested to different concentrations of ampicillin ，tetracycline, streptomycin，kanamycin ,rifampicin,cefotaxime and chloramphenicol is studied.And the results showed that PSB3，PSB4，PSB13，PSB26，PSB58，PSB67，PSB77 are ampicillin-resistant strains,and PSB4，PSB13，PSB26 streptomycin-resistant strains,PSB4，PSB26，PSB67，PSB77 tetracycline-resistant strains, PSB,PSB13,PSB15,PSB26，PSB67,PSB77 chloramphenicol-resistant strains,PSB3,PSB,PSB26,PSB58,PSB77 rifampicin-resistant strains, and PSB77 cefotaxime-resistant strain.The results of resistance tests of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria against antibiotics can be used to study colonization dynamics of the eight phosphate-solubilizing bacteria strains in the soil.

  Floral syndrome and breeding system in Taraxacum ohwianum (Asteraceae) 2013, 29 (33):  214-219.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3613 Abstract + ( 1035 )   PDF ( 924748KB )   ( 687 ) The objective of this research is to study the floral syndrome and the breeding system of Taraxacum ohwianum based on the field observations, hand-pollination experiments and indoor microscopic observations. The results showed that floral opend and closed of T. ohwianum was sensitive to the temperature, when temperature decreased, then the floral closed. when air temperatures warmed, the floral reopend. The secondary pollen presentation of this species is terminal stylar presenters and belongs to the brushing mechanism. The structure of the stigma of the flower changes from bar-like to Y-type and finally to curved Y-type，there are plenty of papilla structures covered the surface，with the stigma development, pollination area increase gradually, improve the the chance of outcross pollen attached to stigma . The oucrossing index(OCI) is ≥4, according to criteria put forward by Dafni, the reproduction of T. ohwianum can be determined as out-crossing, partially self-compatible, and requiring pollinators during pollination. The P/O is approximately 5084, T. ohwianum is obligate xenogamy by Cruden’s criterion. When the inflorescences were bagged，there were no fruits produced. Thus, it is concluded that T. ohwianum belongs to obligate xenogamy. The special floralsyndrome and the mechanism of secondary pollen presentation are significant in improving pollination efficiency and promoting the reproductive success of T. ohwianum by outcrossing in early spring of Northeast China.

  Regions of the Weak Winter Wheat Sowing Stages and Production Elements of Northern Henan 2013, 29 (33):  220-227.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3718 Abstract + ( 803 )   PDF ( 628753KB )   ( 495 ) The weak winter ‘Zhengmai 9023’ is the first planting area varieties in north Henan, accounting for around 60% of the entire Maibo area, is the key of wheat yield in northern Henan. In order to improve the production of ‘Zhengmai 9023’ yield to formulate corresponding measures to provide a basis of science, by using different treatments between data was analyzed by variance analysis for 2010-2012 winter wheat sowing ‘Zhengmai 9023’ 2 test of the processing, studied and analyzed the effect of the meteorological factors on wheat growth key period, and wheat tillering, density, the real measurement investigation on ‘Zhengmai 9023’ yield factors. The results showed that: the ‘Zhengmai 9023’ suitable sowing date in October 15th to October 31st, affected ‘Zhengmai 9023’ key growth period of the main meteorological factors of sunshine was the dominant meteorological factor, which affected the filling speed. The temperature was a limiting factor, other meteorological factors generally played an indirect role.

  Application of Predicting the Protein Content of wheat Based on BP Neural Network Model by Genetic Algorithm 2013, 29 (33):  228-232.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3441 Abstract + ( 667 )   PDF ( 778305KB )   ( 424 ) In order to be fast, simple and accurate determination of the protein content of wheat, this paper puts forward modeling method of near infrared spectral analysis technology combined with BP neural network using genetic algorithm (GA). Spectral data were rationally divided by SPXY algorithm, and making use of successive projections algorithm (SPA) compressed preprocessed data and extracted the best sensitive wave points as the input of GA-BP neural network to establish the calibration model of the protein content of wheat. Root-Mean-Square Error of Prediction (RMSEP) and prediction correlation coefficient (R) of the model were 1.3379 and 0.979 and compared with the correction model of BP neural network. The result showed that: GA-BP neural network model has fast speed of convergence, short training time and high accuracy, which is able to achieve rapid and efficient detection on the protein content of wheat.

  The Impact of Intercropping on the Yield and Soil Microorganism of Different Peanut and Corn 2013, 29 (33):  233-236.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3531 Abstract + ( 805 )   PDF ( 510220KB )   ( 666 ) In order to explore the corn peanut intercropping conditions soil micro environment, through field trials under intercropping corn peanut crop root zone soil microbial biomass and intercropping yield condition comparative study. The results showed that, intercropping could improve the overall metabolic activity of the soil microbial community structure diversity, to some extent, which intercropping 12 ridge corn 12 ridge peanuts, 62.5% higher than the control bacteria, fungi control 6 times, the actinomycetes control 8 times. Different intercropping pattern of economic benefits was quite large, including corn-peanut intercropping 12 ridge above the corn-peanut intercropping 4 ridge 23.6%, corn-peanut intercropping 8 ridge above the corn-peanut intercropping 4 ridge 22.5%. The comprehensive evaluation think, corn and peanut intercropping the best ratio was 4:12 or 12:12. The province flower production area of aeolian sandy soil easily wind erosion and peanut avoid cropping corn peanut intercropping on anti-erosion has an important role in anti-cropping.

  Influence of Living Garbage Compost Applied on Yield and Quality of Corn, and Physical-Chemical Character in Soil 2013, 29 (33):  237-241.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0063 Abstract + ( 647 )   PDF ( 528271KB )   ( 416 ) Influence of living garbage compost applied on yield and quality of corn, and physical-chemical character in soil was evaluated. A field experiment was conducted to study the heavy metals accumulation in soil and corn supplied with different rates of living garbage compost and chemical fertilizer. Results showed that the content of Cd, Pb, As, Hg in soil were increased responding to living garbage compost proportion. Cr content was basically unchanged. The same tendency with Cr, Cd in maize grain. The content of Hg, Cd, Cr, As and Pb were not exceed the second class of the standard of soil environmental quality. Hg, Cd, Pb, As, and Cr in Maize grain was not exceeding the national food and healthy standard value. While, yield of maize grain was obviously increased the amount of 30000 kg/hm2 level of living garbage compost. Proper amount of living garbage compost fertilizer will not caused pollution in soil, or bring effects in edible part of maize grain, either.

  The Effect of Variation of Cornfield’s Soil Moisture on Maize Yield in Rainfed Region and the Water Use Efficiency 2013, 29 (33):  242-247.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0460 Abstract + ( 808 )   PDF ( 685784KB )   ( 490 ) In order to deal with climate change, improve the ability to resist disasters crop, mitigate the impact of disasters on crop growth, the author analyzed the effect of soil moisture’s diversification from 0-50 cm to the maize yield with the observational data from Xifeng agricultural meteorological experiment station on Dongzhi highland at loess plateau. The results showed that: this region’s soil water storage was reducing while climate was becoming warmer and drier year by year. There’s a phased changing which from stable-phase to rapid-reduce-phase and to rise-phase in the whole growth period of maize. Soil moisture had a mutation in 2000, it reduced obviously since 2000. From jointing-stage to milky-stage in the growth period of maize, water consumption was the most, and the water consumption before mutation happened was 0.1 mm more than it after mutation happened. The efficiency of water using in the growth period of maize was increasing year by year, and it’s unobvious. The efficiency of water using after mutation happened (2000-2012) had a 0.3 mm/kg more increasing than it before mutation happened (1990-1999). Through the analysis about different climate-year-model’s water use efficiency, it was found that the water use efficiency and yield was the highest in normal year but the lowest in wet year.

  Effect of Organic Cultivation on Soil Nitrogen and Phosphor Uptake and Quality of Soybean 2013, 29 (33):  248-252.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3229 Abstract + ( 807 )   PDF ( 551934KB )   ( 444 ) Effect of conventional and organic cultivation on soil nitrogen, phosphor uptake and quality of soybean was assessed to identify feasible crop management for local area. Conventional and organic soybean field were adopted to analyze the variation characteristics of total N and total P in 0-20 cm depth of soil profile and soybean plant. The results showed that, there was no significant difference of soil total N and total P between conventional and organic cultivation. The content of soil total P was the highest during maturity, while the lowest was during flowering stage both in conventional and organic field. The content of total N and total P was the highest during flowering stage, while the lowest was during maturity both in conventional and organic soybean plant. Seed yield, protein content and oil content of organic soybean was 13.7%, 17.1% and -9.1% higher than that of conventional cultivation. There was similar character of N and P uptake both in soil and plant for conventional and organic cultivation. Organic fertilizer in organic cultivation helped to soil self-regulation thus suitable for nutrient balancing-absorption and seed quality improvement.

  Effects of Water Retaining Agent on the Physical and Chemical Biological Character of Soil and the Root Tubers Yield of Cassava LUO Xing-LU 2013, 29 (33):  253-258.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3983 Abstract + ( 895 )   PDF ( 679263KB )   ( 531 ) This study investigated the effects of water retaining agent on the physical and chemical biological character of soil and the root tubers yield of cassava. The cassava cultivar ‘Fuxuan 01’ were used as materials. The water retaining agent was applied on three different levels of 0 kg/hm2, 20 kg/hm2 and 40 kg/hm2 in this experiment. The physical and chemical biological character of soil, the agronomic characters of cassava and the root tubers character of soil, the agronomic characters of cassava and the root tubers yield of cassava were analyzed during the experiment. The results showed that, the water retaining agent could improve physical and chemical biological character of soil, promote cassava growth and increase the yield of cassava. The facilitation of the 40 kg/hm2 water retaining agent was the best which the soil moisture, total porosity, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium increased respectively by 12.56%, 16.47%, 11.62%, 36.87%, 45.42%; the tree height, stem diameter increased respectively by 14.74%, 12.74%; the yield and economic income of cassava increased respectively by 36.96% and 22.15%. This showed that the water retaining agent play a positive role in improving physical and chemical biological character of soil, promoting cassava growth, increasing the yield and the economic benefit of cassava, it should be applied extends in the planting of cassava.

  Genotypic Differences in Within-Boll Yield Components and Their Correlations with Lint Yield of Upland Cotton 2013, 29 (33):  259-264.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3516 Abstract + ( 685 )   PDF ( 484858KB )   ( 530 ) Cotton fibers origin from the outermost layer cells of ovule epidermis. The quantity, quality and surface area of cotton seed have effects on cotton lint yield. However, little is known about how within-boll yield components differ between big-boll-weight genotype and small-boll-weight genotype and their relationship of lint yield. Three big-boll-weight genotypes and three small-boll-weight genotypes were field-tested at agricultural experiment station of Jiangxi Agricultural University in 2008 and 2009. Lint yield, yield components and cotton boll characters were evaluated in a randomized completed block design with three replications. The big-boll-weight genotypes had significantly higher lint mass per boll and seed mass per boll than the small-boll-weight genotypes. The seed number per boll of the former was significantly higher than that of the latter. Seed mass per seed did not show any significant differences among those genotypes investigated. Lint mass per seed did not consistently respond to boll weight. It was concluded that the big-boll-weight genotypes in this investigation were characterized by more seeds per boll. The pearson correlation coefficient between seed number per boll and lint yield per hm2 of land area was positive and significant (0.660**), but the partial correlation coefficient was rather small and the direct path coefficient remained negative (0.179, -0.052). The simple correlation, partial correlation and path coefficient analysis revealed that seed number per plant was positively and significantly correlated with lint yield per hm2 of land area. These results indicated that seed number per plant could be served as a reliable character for cotton yield improvement. Lint mass per seed and boll shell ratio were mainly controlled by genetic main effects. Non-significant environmental effects and genotype × environment interaction effects were detected for them.

  Distribution Fitting and Analysis on the Citations of Rice Virus Periodical Papers liu jinfu 2013, 29 (33):  265-270.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0051 Abstract + ( 861 )   PDF ( 640272KB )   ( 606 ) In order to analyze the rule of times cited on rice virus periodical papers, data from “China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database (CAJD)” from 1963 to 2011 had been statically counted. The results showed that: 1007 periodical papers were published, among which 525 periodicals were cited for 4467 times; distribution of cited frequency of rice virus periodical papers showed obvious centralization and decentralization; fitting model of cited frequency and quantity of rice virus periodical papers did not meet the power function distribution, law of Luo Kate and Zipf model; Lyme Kule model, the precise model of Bradford's law, was fitted to the ratio of cumulative number of papers (x) and the ratio of cumulative citation frequency (y) and fitting result showed as y=0.2892ln(1+30.7499x), predicted values and actual values were tested through K-S test, which were in accordance with Bradford.

  Progress of Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Higher Plants 2013, 29 (33):  271-276.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3826 Abstract + ( 900 )   PDF ( 567229KB )   ( 948 ) In higher plants, the biosynthesis of anthocyanins is a complicated process, which is influenced by many factors. In this paper, the research advances in the factors, which are divided into the external factors including physical factors, chemical factors and biological factors, and the internal factors including developmental stages and plant growth substances, and their mechanisms of regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in higher plants were systematically summarized，and the comprehensiveness meaning coordinated action and consistent mechanism of these external and internal factors was analyzed. At last, some problems in the research field were put forward，and the utilizations of these factors to artificial regulate the intension of anthocyanin biosynthesis in order to enhance fruits nutrition value, flowers ornamental value and plants stress resistance were discussed.

  Advances in proteomics research of plant male sterility 2013, 29 (33):  277-280.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3224 Abstract + ( 707 )   PDF ( 437471KB )   ( 607 ) Male sterility in plants is a widespread phenomenon，male sterile crop is the main way of heterosis. It has already widely studied in genetic breeding, physiological , cytologyand biochemical and molecular biology. In recent years due to the corresponding proteomics research technology continues to evolve, the technology in the study of male sterility in plants widely used，and this technology provides an important basis for analysis of the molecular mechanism of plant male sterility. This paper reviews recent proteomics research on cytoplasmic male sterility and genic male sterility, we believe that male sterility in plants has contact with the raised of the expression of some proteins, decline, missing, or some new proteins’ expression, these proteins are involved in the metabolism, transcription, signal transduction, protein synthesis, starch synthesis, apoptosis and other important physiological processes, and it is pointed out that the proteomics deficiencies in the plant male sterility and the development direction.

  L - glutamine early fermentation review 2013, 29 (33):  281-285.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0990 Abstract + ( 640 )   PDF ( 541019KB )   ( 463 ) L - glutamine fermentation production are introduced in this early process, analyzes the starting strain screening and pointed out The fermentation conditions and influence factors, etc.

  The research progress on the Tissue Culture and rapid multiplication of Dendrobium officinale 2013, 29 (33):  286-290.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1799 Abstract + ( 879 )   PDF ( 498696KB )   ( 1062 ) On the basis of introducting the Dendrobium officinale natural growth conditions and reproductive status,we discussed the impact of basal medium, hormones,natural additives,carbon source,light and temperature on seed germination,protocorm proliferation anddifferentitation,root growth,transplanting.We expounded the survey of the tissue culture in Dendrobium officinale and analysised preliminarily the problems and development direction.

  Study on Peanut Adventitious Shoots and Plant Regeneration 2013, 29 (33):  291-295.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3448 Abstract + ( 839 )   PDF ( 631731KB )   ( 552 ) In order to perfect the plant regeneration system of tissue culture, a detailed study was carried out to provide the experimental basis for genetic transformation by using embryonic leaflet. The peanut plantlets were regenerated from immature leaves, cotyledon, epicotyl and hypocotyls on MSB5 medium supplemented with 1 mg/L NAA and 6 mg/L BAP. After 10 days, callus was transferred onto MSB5 medium supplemented with 10 mg/L BAP or 3 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L ABA. The results were follows: the frequency of middle sections of 6 days explant was 91.4% in contrast to epicotyls 26.7% and hypocotyls 12.5%. The frequency of 8823 was up to 91.4%. The root was induced and the plant was generated. Conclusion: Compared with the cotyledon, epicotyl and hypocotyls, the immature leaves was the most easiest to induce adventitious shoots. The optimum explants source was the middle sections of 6 days. The frequency of adventitious shoots depended on genotypes.

  Establishment and Optimization of SRAP-PCR Reaction System in Sunflower 2013, 29 (33):  296-301.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0911 Abstract + ( 572 )   PDF ( 739979KB )   ( 542 ) In this study, one-factor experimental design had been used to establish the SRAP-PCR reaction system of sunflower, which including several different gradients of Mg2+, dNTPs, primer concentration, Taq DNA Polymerase, template DNA and filter out the suitable range, on this basis, then optimize the five factors which influence the SRAP-PCR through the orthogonal experimental design of L16(45). Eventually brought about an optimized system for sunflower, which was as follows: 20 μL capacity of reaction system contains 10×Buffer 2 μL, Mg2+ 2.75 mmol/L, dNTPs 0.18 mmol/L, Taq DNA Polymerase 1.25 U, forward primer and reverse primer 0.3 μmol/L, template DNA 60 ng, the best annealing temperature 52.2℃. Finally, 22 varieties of sunflower were used to test the optimized PCR reaction system stability. The results showed that, the bands of the amplification clear and high polymorphism, so the system was reliable which could be applied in the germplasm identification and the genetic map construction of sunflower effectively.

  Study on the Water Extraction Technology of Caffeotannic Acid from the leaf of Lonicera confuse DC. 2013, 29 (33):  302-306.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3270 Abstract + ( 730 )   PDF ( 684225KB )   ( 651 ) Objective：The extraction technology of caffeotannic acid from Lonicera confuse DC. leaf was studied with water as solvent.Methods：Main factors influencing the extraction of caffeotannic acid from the leaves of Lonicera confuse DC. were studied by single factor experiments,and then optimized conditions for the extraction of caffeotannic acid were studied by orthogonal test.Results：Optimized conditions were obtained as follows:extraction temperature 100℃；pH=4；extraction time 1h；material to solvent 1:18.Conclusion：The extraction ratio of caffeotannic acid was 2.83% in the optimized conditions.

  Expression and Purification of Chitinase from Endophytic Bacterium KKWB-5 against Banana Fusarium Wilt in Escherichia coli and Its Renaturation study 2013, 29 (33):  307-312.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3870 Abstract + ( 643 )   PDF ( 991126KB )   ( 581 ) The chitinase from endophytic bacterium KKWB-5 was expressed in Escherichia coli to identify the antagonistic activity of the chitinase against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense race 4 (Foc 4). The chitinase gene amplified by PCR was inserted into the expression vector pET22b, and the recombinant plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant strain was induced with IPTG, and SDS-PAGE was used to analyze the expression of objective protein in E. coli. Then the recombinant protein was purified and renatured, and the hydrolysis activity and the antagonistic activity against Foc 4 of the renatured protein were determined. The results of SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the recombinant objective protein was abundantly expressed in the form of inclusion body in E. coli. Recombinant protein with high purity was purified from inclusion body protein by denaturated Ni2+ affinity chromatography. The yield of objective protein reached 293 mg per 1 L culture. The yields of refolding protein using dialysis renaturation which was 84.6 %, was higher than that using dilution renaturation. The activities tests indicated that the renatured protein was hydrolytic of chitin, and was antagonistic against Foc 4, but the antagonistic activity was weak. In conclusion, the chitinase from endophytic bacterium KKWB-5 was effectively expressed in E. coli, and the renatured chitinase was resistant to Foc 4 to some extent. Thus the chitinase made some contributions to the antagonistic activity against Foc 4 of endophytic bacterium KKWB-5.

  Purification of antimicrobial peptide from Bacillus licheniformis LY12 and analysis of its antibacterial properties 2013, 29 (33):  313-318.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1402 Abstract + ( 779 )   PDF ( 1156150KB )   ( 598 ) A purification and characterization of a novel antimicrobial peptide from from Bacillus licheniformis LY12 was explored. The novel antimicrobial peptide designated LYF12, was purified, with a procedure involving ultrafiltration, ion exchange chromatography (DEAE-Sepharose FF), gel filtration (Sephadex G-15), and everse phase HPLCs on C8 column and C18 column. LC-ESI-MS indicated the molecular mass of the purified peptide was 2750.785Da, which is in good agreement with the result of Tricine SDS-PAGE. .In vitro bioassays showed that LYF12 inhibits the growth of a variety of microbes, including filamentous fungi and bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Vibrio parachaemolyticus were 9.8, 19.8, 20.7, 7.2, 9.6, 10.2 and 15.7μg/ml, respectively. The purified antimicrobial peptide exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi. Considering its promising properties, the antimicrobial peptidefrom Bacillus licheniformis LY12 may ?nd potential application in food industry.

  The Study on Extracting Mitochondrial DNA from Two Plants of Haloxylon Bunge 2013, 29 (33):  319-322.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1064 Abstract + ( 937 )   PDF ( 609270KB )   ( 700 ) In order to extract mitochondrial DNA of high-quality Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum, the etiolated seedlings of Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum were taken as experimental materials. This research had established a method of Nuclear-free DNA mitochondrion was firstly obtained by combining sucrose density gradient centrifugation and differential centrifugation together and using DNaseⅠ. Then after the mitochondrion was lysed by using 3% CTAB and its protein was removed by chloroform-isoamyl alcohol extraction, purified mitochondrial DNA was finally got. With A260/A280≈1.8, the result showed that the extracted DNA presented distinct bands and no streaking during the electrophoresis, demonstrating that it enjoys high quality and purity, and can be applied in further experiments concerning mitochondrion DNA. The establishment of this method has laid a foundation for study on mitochondrial genome of Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum.

  Screening of Cellulose Degrading Fungi by Mycelium Growth Rate Method 2013, 29 (33):  323-326.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3455 Abstract + ( 1049 )   PDF ( 555040KB )   ( 597 ) In order to develop a rapid screening method for high effective cellulose degrading fungi, and to obtain the high effective cellulose degrading fungi, screening of cellulose degrading fungi by mycelium growth rate method was studied, so as to lay the foundation for the research and development of cellulose resource. Mycelium growth rate method, a new screening method of cellulose degrading fungi was offered, and by this means 31 cellulose degrading fungi were separated from the soil, and 4 fungi with strong cellulose degradation activities were got by preliminary screening and the results of the secondary screening showed that the 4 fungi had strong and stable cellulose degradation activities, and the cellulose degradation rates of strain 1 reached (2.62±0.06) cm been cultured for 12 h, (5.93±0.04) cm for 24 h, (7.93±0.04) cm for 36 h, and the mycelium covered the entire petri dish for 48 h in particular, and significantly higher than the others.

  Advance of Biology and Pathogenic Mechanisms Research on Some Major Crops Diseases Caused by Phomopsis 2013, 29 (33):  327-332.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0897 Abstract + ( 816 )   PDF ( 1118738KB )   ( 551 ) Phomopsis is a large genus of Sphaeropsidaceae in Coelomycetes containing more than 100 species. They are parasites on plants of more than 70 families; causing plant leaf blight, shoot blight, rotten stems, ulcers, fruit rot, and other serious diseases resulting in significant economic losses. Phomopsis has a wide geographical distribution, from tropical to subtropical. At present, we got some progress on the characteristics, pathogenic symptoms, life cycle, pathogen biology characteristics, and control methods of these Phomopsis diseases on some major crops. In future, it’s quite important to strength the research on pathogenic mechanisms from histocytology and molecular biology points for further characterization this genus fungal disease and providing solid genes foundation of disease safe and high efficient control.

  The rice planthopper the adult insects plexus rate and population density relations 2013, 29 (33):  333-336.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0287 Abstract + ( 675 )   PDF ( 534508KB )   ( 436 ) Explore the use of the planthoppers adult worms the plexus rate estimation methods and means of the adult population density. Based on the the planthoppers adult population of field survey data, population density (y) and insects plexus rate (x), respectively, fitting the exponential function, power function, a quadratic function, a cubic function, linear and logarithmic function 6 kinds of different models. The results showed that the highest estimation accuracy of a cubic function method, the error is small, and the application of the best and average population density and insects plexus rate (x) Fact Sheet (y) the optimal mathematical model. Optimal mathematical model fitting can be applied in the production of monitoring the occurrence of the field planthoppers adult.

  Anylysis of the Unusual Occurrence of Rice Planthopper in Sichuan Province in 2012 2013, 29 (33):  337-340.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4084 Abstract + ( 940 )   PDF ( 1102870KB )   ( 504 ) Rice planthopper unusual occurred in Sichuan province in 2012, the occurrence characteristics liked the first immigration peak emerged early, the times of immigration peaks and the number of rice planthopper are both more than usually years. Anaylysed the reason of this unusual occurrence can draw a conclusion as follow: The base number of rice planthopper in oversea and Guangxi province were huge. At the same time, the climate of Sichuan province in 2012 was so suitable for rice planthopper to immigrate and propagate.

  Investigation of Underground Pests in Wheat and Corn and Prevention and Control Technology in Yuncheng Shanxi 2013, 29 (33):  341-345.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2120 Abstract + ( 717 )   PDF ( 590473KB )   ( 580 ) This paper investigated underground pests occurrence of wheat and corn in the south of shanxi yuncheng in 2011. The results shows that wireworms, cutworms and grubs are the main pests in seedling stage of wheat and corn, and degree of damage is different greatly due to the differ of land. Plant height, root length and the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD and POD, the content of membrane lipid peroxidation product MDA in seedlings were measured after seed dressing. Results indicated that matrine promoted the seed germination of wheat and corn while the effect were not significant. But the effect of prevention and control were relatively lower than imidacloprid and fipronil; The activity of antioxidant enzyme SOD and POD of seedlings is improved, and the ability to resistance is also enhanced. Additionally, botanical pesticides is environmentally-friendly and can be popularized in agriculture., This paper investigated underground pests occurrence of wheat and corn in the south of shanxi yuncheng in 2011. The results shows that wireworms, cutworms and grubs are the main pests in seedling stage of wheat and corn, and degree of damage is different greatly due to the differ of land. Plant height, root length and the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD and POD, the content of membrane lipid peroxidation product MDA in seedlings were measured after seed dressing. Results indicated that matrine promoted the seed germination of wheat and corn while the effect were not significant. But the effect of prevention and control were relatively lower than imidacloprid and fipronil; The activity of antioxidant enzyme SOD and POD of seedlings is improved, and the ability to resistance is also enhanced. Additionally, botanical pesticides is environmentally-friendly and can be popularized in agriculture.

  Isolation and Screening of Antagonistic Strains for Control of Sunflower Sclerotinic Rot 2013, 29 (33):  346-350.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4194 Abstract + ( 768 )   PDF ( 551549KB )   ( 531 ) For screening Antagonistic organism against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum efficiently, 74 soil samples of Heilongjiang Province were collected, isolated through dilution plate method and primarily screened through confronting incubation on PDA plate. The result showed that 38 antagonistic organism against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were isolated and screened from 303 strains isolated from 74 soil samples. In the test of antagonistic strains on the germination of sclerotia and on detached leaves, M1M2 was found efficiently suppressing Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with more than efficacy of 90%. The efficacy of 83.52% was obtained in biocontrol test in the greenhouse by treating soil with 100ml fermented liquid. So M1M2 was a prospect strain with the value of further research and application.

  The Effect of Phosphine Fumigation on Oxidative Metabolism of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel.) 2013, 29 (33):  351-357.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4218 Abstract + ( 887 )   PDF ( 762157KB )   ( 526 ) To clarify the biochemical mechanism of phosphine toxicology, studies were undertaken to establish the effects of phosphine fumigation on the mortality and oxidative metabolism in 3rd instars of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel. under 25℃. The results showed that: (1) the dosages to achieve 50%, 90% and 99% mortality were 0.28, 0.37, 0.46 mg/L respectively in 48 h fumigation at 25℃; (2) the respiration of B. dorsalis was consistently inhibited during the fumigation; (3) phosphine inhibited catalase activity with maximum inhibition rate 55.99%, increased peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity and inhibition of hydroxyl radical capacity with the greatest increasing rates of 141.48%, 130.21%, 155.90% respectively. These results confirmed the toxicity of phosphine against B. dorsalis, and verified that accumulation of reactive oxygen species was one possible mechanism of phosphine toxicology by inhibiting the activity of catalase.

  The effect of activator protein of Monilinia fructicola on defence enzyme activity in strawberry seedlings 2013, 29 (33):  358-362.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1921 Abstract + ( 818 )   PDF ( 689094KB )   ( 450 ) Activator protein is a kind of protein elicitor extracted from many plant pathogenic fungi. In order to understand the resistance induction of activator protein of Monilinia fructicola, activator protein was extracted from M. fructicola mycelium by boiling-water-bath and centrifugation and sprayed on leaves of strawberry seedlings. The activity of some defence enzymes were detected and the results showed that the activity of PAL increased in 0 ~ 18 h, and reached the peak at 18h with a peak value 40.7% higher than control; the activity of POD and PPO increased rapidly in 0 ~ 6 h, and reached the peak at 6h with peak values of POD 126.2% higher than control and PPO 62.9% higher than control. The activity of β-1, 3-glucanase and exo-chitinase increased after treat with activator protein of M. fructicola.

  Fluctuation Law of Litter Size and Its Influence on Population Quantity of Apodemus agrarius 2013, 29 (33):  363-367.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4035 Abstract + ( 602 )   PDF ( 517620KB )   ( 429 ) In order to discuss the fluctuation law of Apodemus agrarius litter size and the significance for population prediction. We used night trapping method monthly in the paddy fields and dry land to collect specimens of rodents and survey their reproductive status from 1987 to 2012. The result showed that litter size of Apodemus agrarius was 2 to 10 and the average litter size was 5.29. The distribution of litter size was normal distribution with mean 5 or 6, accounting for 35.10% and 33.92% of the total number of pregnant rodents respectively. The majority of litter size was between 4 and 7, accounting for 94.59% of the total number of pregnant rodents. There was no significant difference in litter size between different years. There significant difference in litter size between different months and seasons. Litter size was closely related to population quantity. Litter size directly influences the fluctuation of population quantity. There was significant positive correlation between the average litter size and capture rate, between the average litter size in last year and population quantity in June. We could predicted the occurrence degree of Apodemus agrarius 6 months in advance. Litter size could be used as the reference for population prediction.

  Effect of Baking Techniques in Cell Ultrastructure of Flue-cured Tobacco ‘KRK26’ 2013, 29 (33):  368-372.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4048 Abstract + ( 759 )   PDF ( 848090KB )   ( 517 ) In order to study different baking process on the influence of tobacco leaf cell ultrastructure, the leaves cell ultrastructure of flue-cured tobacco ‘KRK26’ were studied by microscopic observation with the three curing techniques were made by different yellowing, color-fixing temperature and humility conditions which were lower temperature and lower humidity, middle temperature and middle humidity, middle temperature and higher humidity. The result showed that: (1) With the three kinds of curing techniques, chloroplast form change, structure the disintegration of the speed was different, it was appear late but fast in lower temperature and lower humidity condition; it was appear early and slowly in middle temperature and middle humidity condition; it was appear early and slowly in middle temperature and higher humidity condition. (2) With the three kinds of curing techniques, the form of the mitochondria, ridge quantity and membrane structure changed the disintegration of speed for performance lower temperature and lower humidity less than middle temperature and higher humidity less than middle temperature and middle humidity.

  Adsorption research of Cu2+ on tea dregs from aqueous solution 2013, 29 (33):  373-378.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0559 Abstract + ( 934 )   PDF ( 800093KB )   ( 548 ) The adsorption properties and mechanism of Cu2+ from aqueous solution using the tea dregs was studied In this paper,the adsorption experiments of Cu2+ from aqueous solution using the Taiwan high mountain tea dregs as an adsorbent were carried out.The effects of various parameters such as initial pH, adsorption time,reaction temperature, and initial concentrsations were investigated. The results indicated that the tea dregs had fine adsorption effects on Cu2+ ion. The adsorption equilibrium time was 60 min. And the adsorption efficiency of Cu2+ increases sharply as the reaction temperature increasing.The pH were important influence factors to adsorption and the optimum pH was 4. The adsorption data follow the Langmuir model and the Freundlich model. But the Langmuir model has the better correlation at different temperature.Thermodynamic parameters, including ΔG0,ΔH0,ΔS0 were calculated. The values of ΔG0 at 30,40 and 50 ℃ were negative value, indicating the spontaneous nature. The positive value of ΔH0 reveals that the endothermic nature was existed in the Tea dregs absprption process. The positive value of ΔS0 represents that the tea dregs adsorption is a increasing process for entropy. Also, the comparison of FTIR information after the Cu2+ adsortion on tea dregs with the intitial tea dregs provides evidence of physical adsorption in the adsorption process.

  Relationship Between Taste Value and Quality Characters in Mid-late Mature Japonica Rice in Liaoning Province 2013, 29 (33):  379-382.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3978 Abstract + ( 766 )   PDF ( 543098KB )   ( 446 ) In this paper, relationship between instrumental test methods traditional measurement methods was studied by using rice eating meter (RCTA 11A) which can determine taste value of rice. The results showed that: There was significant negative correlation between amylose content and taste value, and the relationship between protein content and taste value was significant negative correlation. The low content of amylase and protein improve taste value. There was significant positive correlation between the content of amylase and protein using by instruments and traditional measurement. The instrumental test methods can be using to determine taste value of rice.

  Effects of Irradiation on Pesticide Residues of Roast Eels 2013, 29 (33):  383-388.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2616 Abstract + ( 637 )   PDF ( 658977KB )   ( 485 ) In order to achieve the degradation of pesticide residues safely and scientifically, roast eels were irradiated by 60Co-γ ray at different radiation doses (0kGy, 1kGy, 3kGy, 5kGy, 7kGy, 9kGy). The effects of radiation dose on the degradation rate of the ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, difloxacin and leucocrystal violet were studied. The results showed that irradiation can degrade the ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, difloxacin and leucocrystal violet, respectively. When the radiation dose was 5kGy, the degrading effects were significant. And the degradation rate of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, difloxacin and leucocrystal violet were 37.89%，41.77%，41.76%，57.34%，32.89%, respectively. With the increase of radiation dose, the degradation rate of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, difloxacin and leucocrystal violet went up.

  Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Producing γ-Aminobutyric Acid( GABA) by Candida parapsilosis GPT-5-11 2013, 29 (33):  389-393.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0071 Abstract + ( 677 )   PDF ( 688502KB )   ( 586 ) The fermentation conditions of Candida parapsilosis (GPT-5-11) were optimized for the production of γ-aminobutyric acid by liquid fermentation experiments. The results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows: the optimal medium composition (g/L) was glucose 24.5, yeast 6.2, soy peptone 6.2, Twain 80 2ml, alcohol 4 ml, MgSO4?7H2O 0.2, MnSO4?4H2O 0.045, L-MSG12.5; concentration of L-MSG was 12 g/L; cultivating pHwas 6.5; and cultivating period was 48 h under 37℃. Under optimal conditions, γ-aminobutyric acid production reached 2.58 g/L.

  Study on Xinyang Maojian Production Line Matching Technology 2013, 29 (33):  394-399.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1280 Abstract + ( 768 )   PDF ( 549798KB )   ( 470 ) In order to improve production capacity and quality of Xinyang Maojian, fixation,rolling,carding,drying.were selected to determine the optimal production line matching processing technology The results showed that best quality tea in form and palate was brought to under the condition that temperature at 35 cm from the inlet of tea leaf was 115-120 ℃, time for fixing 2 min; rolling time of high, medium, low grade fresh tea leaves were 6-8 min,15-18 min,25 min; carding time 5 min, respectively, leaf weight and temperature were 0.75-1.0 kg and 90 ℃, time and temperature of first drying were 6-8 min and 115-120 ℃, second drying were 25-30 min and 70-80 ℃, which brought to . This production line processing technology integrated in this paper laid a solid foundation for Xinyang tea industry sustainable and healthy development.

  Study on the Enzyme Hydrolysis of Chickpea Protein 2013, 29 (33):  400-404.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3737 Abstract + ( 805 )   PDF ( 700668KB )   ( 665 ) Through a single-factor test and an orthogonal designed experiment, the alcalase hydrolysis of chickpea protein was systematically studied. Results show that the obtained optimum hydrolysis conditions are pH 8.5, hydrolyzing temperature (T) 55℃, concentration of substrate [S] 2%, and ratio of enzyme and substate[E]/[S]2%. Under this condition, the degree of hydrolysis(DH) was 27.86%. Under each optimum conditions of the three proteases respectively(the obtained optimum hydrolysis condition of alcalase was pH 8.5, hydrolyzing temperature (T) 55℃, concentration of substrate [S] 2%, and ratio of enzyme and substate[E]/[S]2%. The obtained optimum hydrolysis condition of papain and bromelain was pH 7.2, hydrolyzing temperature (T) 55℃, concentration of substrate [S] 2%, and ratio of enzyme and substate[E]/[S]2%. ), the chickpea protein hydrolyzing by the alcalase, papain and bromelain in turn was studied, we found that the DH can reach 34.64%.

  Capital in the new rural food safety industry strategic research 2013, 29 (33):  405-408.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0298 Abstract + ( 563 )   PDF ( 462554KB )   ( 602 ) Hunger breeds discontentment，agricultural products safety has become the top priority of our people’s livelihood issues. Beijing as a big city with a mount of population, agricultural products safety directly related to the vital interests of the people. The paper selects the three cities of BeiJing, Shanghai, Chongqing to comparative study on the agricultural products safety current situation of the development, Try to put the strategic goals and measures of the capital of the agricultural products safety industry,as well as the problem analysis on the capital of the safety of agricultural products industrial strategy, put forward to the specific measures to perfect the capital safety of agricultural products.