Abstract: In order to explore the effects of tillage on decomposition of Maize straw, the research adopting Maize straw as the test material was conducted in Heping Village of Jiaozhou in November, 2008. The experiment used the net bag to simulate traditional and no-tillage patterns, measures the soil water content and temperature. The main results showed that, the dry matter of both tillage patterns decreased sharply to 71.72% and 84.17% in the first 60 days after returning. Under no-tillage pattern, the decomposition rate of straw tend to moderate after 60 days, while the decomposition rate of straw under traditional tillage pattern has no apparent reduction. During this stage the decomposition ratio respectively were 23.07% and 4.73%. After 240 days as the wheat harvesting the remains of dry matter of traditional and no-tillage were 19.37% and 39.45%. The difference of decomposition dynamic result in the environment factors such as soil water content and temperature. During the experiment the soil water content and temperature of traditional are distinctly higher than no-tillage. The knowledge of decomposition can help us the science management and dealing with fertilizer to improve coefficient of fertilizer utilization and field yield.