Abstract: Nitrogen and phosphorus emission of the agricultural non-point source pollution is one of the most important reason to cause eutrophication. This article describes the progress in the study of nitrogen and phosphorus loss recent years, and clarifies the mechanism of the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural non-point source pollution from leaching and runoff losses. Finally, this paper investigates the problems and directions of the research of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and its loss pathways, in order to provide a reference for improving fertilization methods and researching technology to control loss of farmland nitrogen and phosphorus.