Abstract: 【Objective】The Aksu District, Xinjiang is an important cotton region in China. It’s important to study the impacts of controllable materialized inputs on cotton yield;【Method】Based on the statistical data of cotton production from 1988 to 2009 in Aksu City and Kuqa County, the influence of materialized inputs on cotton yield in Aksu District of Xinjiang were analyzed through mathematic statistic method;【Result】The cotton yield and materialized inputs (fertilizer application amounts per unit planting area, gross agricultural machinery power per unit planting area, rural electric power per unit planting area) increased year by year, but the marginal cotton yield had been reduced in recent years with the increased amount of materialized inputs. When materialized index increased by 1%, the cotton yield increased by 5.4-5.5 kg/hm2.【Conclusion】Nowadays, it is imperative to distribute scientific and reasonable materialized inputs and adjust the investment proportion for the further development of cotton industry in Aksu District.