Current issue

• 2013 Vol.29 No.32 Published:15 November 2013

  23

  Research progress on the caste differentiation in the honeybee Shen Fang, Yin Ling, Liu Zhenguo, Shen Jie, Ji Ting 2013, 29 (32):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1011 Abstract + ( 1056 )   PDF ( 465583KB )   ( 774 ) Abstract: Honeybee is a typical social insect specie. Honeybees have the common characteristics of insect, also have unique characteristics. One of the unique characteristics is caste differentiation. Queen and work all develop from zygote. But they switch into two different castes with different physiological and morphology characteristics from same genome. The queens are in large body size, long life-span and fertile, while the workers are in small body size, short life-span and nearly sterile. What have caused these changes ,a number of studies have been conducted on the differences between honeybee workers and queens to solve the secret. This review will recap the caste differentiation from five aspects of nutrition, hormones, DNA methylation, differential gene and protein expression .Furthermore, high light unanswered questions in need of further research.

  Effect of Oxygen Tension on Apoptosis of Sheep in vitro Fertilization (IVF) Embryo Chen Xiuliang1,2, Zhang Chunqiang1, Zhao Dechao1, Zhang Jiaxin1 2013, 29 (32):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1303 Abstract + ( 822 )   PDF ( 647184KB )   ( 535 ) To investigate the effect of O2 tension on sheep embryo development in vitro. The developmental ability and cell apoptosis of Sheep IVF (In vitro fertilization) embryo in low (5%) and high (20%) O2 tension environment were compared. The expression profiles of apoptotic related genes Bax and Bcl-2 in sheep IVF embryos were also detected by Real-time PCR. The results showed that: the apoptosis signal of the sheep IVF embryo was all commenced from the 16-cell stage under two O2 tension environment, there was no significant difference in the rate of apoptosis among respective developmental stages under two O2 tension environment, but the blastocyst development rate and cell number of blastocyst cultured in low O2 tension environment were significantly higher than those of high O2 tension environment (45.9%,134 and 14.6%,106, respectively P＜0.05), and the apoptosis index of blastocyst developed in low O2 tension environment was significantly lower than that of high O2 tension environment (0.053 and 0.066, respectively P＜0.05); As assessed by Real- time PCR, Bax and Bcl-2 were expressed in sheep IVF embryo at all stages developed in low O2 tension or high O2 tension environment, The expression of bcl-2 in sheep IVF blastocyst developed in low O2 tension environment was significantly higher than that of high O2 tension environment. Low O2 tension environment could inhibited the apoptosis of sheep IVF embryo, and should be more beneficial to the development of sheep embryo.

  Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Leptin Gene (LEP) Associated With Carcass and Meat Quality Traits in Gansu Local Cattle He Pengjia, Lei Zhaomin, Zhao Shengguo, Wang Jianfu, Chen Chunhua, Wu Jianping 2013, 29 (32):  12-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0803 Abstract + ( 854 )   PDF ( 684422KB )   ( 623 ) The objectives of this study were to find out the molecular markers related to carcass and meat quality economic traits, and provide the theoretical basis of molecular genetics for breeding the new groups of Gansu beef cattle. PCR-SSCP was used to detect the polymorphisms of exon 2 and intron 3 of LEP gene in Gansu local cattle and analyze its correlation with carcass and meat quality traits. The results showed that AA and AB genotypes were found in the LEP gene exon 2, the genotype frequencies were 0.5217 and 0.4783. Sequence analysis showed that there existed a mutation of C→T at 1180bp of LEP gene and resulted Arginine to Cysteine. The PIC was between 0.25-0.5, it was moderate polymorphism. Statistical analysis of carcass and meat quality traits showed that AA genotype has a significant effect on before slaughter live weight, carcass weight, meat weight, dressing percentage and meat percentage (P<0.05), AB genotype has a significant effect on pressing loss, leaf fat weight, marbling score and meat color (P<0.05), this site has no significant association with backfat thickness, loin eye area, cooking loss, shear force and pH (P>0.05). The preliminary judgment of this site can be considered as one of the genetic markers loci of carcass and meat quality traits.

  Comparison of Blood Physiology and Biochemistry Indexes of Brahman and Short Horn 2013, 29 (32):  18-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1059 Abstract + ( 705 )   PDF ( 616075KB )   ( 589 ) In order to learn the difference of blood Physiology and Biochemistry Indexes of different breed, 10-head adult cows of Brahman and Short horn on the same area and similar management condition were chosen to detect and compare 35 Blood Physiology and Biochemistry Indexes by Automatic analyzer and Kit. The results showed that: They have 10 indexes, such as WBC, RBC, PLT, STB, TBA, IBIL, ALT, AST:ALT, GGT and BUN were significant differences between two breed (P<0.01), and 5 indexes, such as HGB, GHB, ALP, GLU and URIC were obvious differences between two breed (P<0.05); the rest indexes were no obvious differences between two breed; blood physiology biochemical indexes’ coefficient of variance of Brahman were lower than Short Horn. Based on the detection, range and coefficient of variance of blood Physiology and Biochemistry Indexes, the ability of crude feed tolerance, stress resistance and adaptability of Brahman were better than Short Horn under the same management condition.

  Effects of Low-Protein Diets on Slaughter Performance and Composition of Breast Meat of Chinese Color-feathered Chicken 2013, 29 (32):  24-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1643 Abstract + ( 824 )   PDF ( 564895KB )   ( 542 ) This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of low-protein diets on slaughter performance and composition of breast meat of Chinese color-feathered chicken. One thousand nine hundred and eighty one-day-old Chinese color-feathered chickens (Hetian Chickens) were randomly allocated to 2 groups with 3 replicates per group and 330 chickens per replicate. Chickens were fed with 4-phase (1-28d, 29-42d, 43-75d, 76-105d). Two diets were formulated for each phase. The control group fed diets with amino acid patterns and crude protein levels of Chinese color-feathered chicken according to NY/T 33-2004. The experimental group fed diets with amino acid patterns of broiler according to NRC (1994), but the crude protein levels were decreased 1 percentage based on the control diet, respectively. Chickens were slaughtered and mensurated composition of breast meat on 105-day-old. The results showed as follows: (1) There were no significant differences in percentage of half evisceration (PHE), percentage of evisceration (PE), percentage of breast meat yield (PBM), percentage of thigh meat yield (PTM), percentage of abdominal fat (PAF), subcutaneous fat pad(SFP), intermuscular fat(IMF) (P>0.05). (2) No significant differences in moisture, crude protein, ether extract and amino acid of breast meat were found between 2 groups (P>0.05). The results suggested that reducing dietary crude protein level 1 percentages have no significant effects on slaughter performance and composition of breast meat of Chinese color-feathered chicken.

  Study on Multiple Factors Affecting Synchronization of Oestrus to Recipients Bovine Liu Caiyun1,3, Huang Chunhua2, Zhang Dong1,3,Wang Feng1,3, Wang Shenyuan1,3, Liu 2013, 29 (32):  29-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0633 Abstract + ( 889 )   PDF ( 498928KB )   ( 587 ) It is necessary to treat a large numbers of synchronization of oestrus to recipients before the cow embryo transplantation. This study investigated the effects of synchronization of oestrus from two different ways, parity (heifers, weaned cows and lactating cows), different nutrition levels. The result showed that two methods did not significantly affect the results of synchronization of oestrus (P> 0.05).There were kinds of results about parity effect to synchronization of oestrus. The trial investigated the optimal time of recipient cattle with calves is least 3 months under different nutrition levels of nature grazing conditions.

  Analysis the influence of the relevant factors at Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection in sheeps Piao Xuejiao, Zheng Xueying, Cao Yutao, Zhang Fan, Zhai Chundong, Liu Yunhai, Ni 2013, 29 (32):  34-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0613 Abstract + ( 659 )   PDF ( 564866KB )   ( 512 )

  Survey of Salmonella Multiple Resistance and Class I Integron Prevalence from Chicken Lu Yan1, Zhao Hongyu2, Zhang Zhongwen1, Hou Xiaolin1, Wu Guojuan1 2013, 29 (32):  39-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0304 Abstract + ( 1018 )   PDF ( 868243KB )   ( 727 ) In order to study the multiple drug resistance of Salmonella and integron pop, this article from the Shandong Province farm for isolation of Salmonella species, according to the Kauffmann-White method for the determination of serum type, by microdilution method for the determination of the Salmonella 19 antimicrobial drugs against MIC, and using PCR technique for the determination of the class I integrons and carrying resistance gene cassette. The results showed, the isolated from 311 strains of Salmonella, including Indiana Salmonella (133 lines) and Salmonella Enteritidis (178 lines) in 2 serum type. Drug sensitivity test showed: isolated bacterial strains to sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, tetracycline, doxycycline and trimethoprim resistance strains generally, multiple drug resistance rate was 91% (283/311 ), 99% of the isolates to Amikacin, polymyxin sensitive. PCR determination of integron results: class I integron detection rate was 65% (202/311), in which multiple phenotypic resistance strain type I integron positive rate was 92.6%, 202 isolates integrons positive strains in 6 strains carrying dfr17-aadA5 gene cassette. The results showed that, class 1 integron exists generally in Salmonella and related to multiple drug resistance.

  Survey on the Pollination Insect Species During Flowering of Medicago sativa Wang Yuxiang, Wang Hongyang, Li Chenjian, Chen Aiping, Chen Shuming, Zhang Bo 2013, 29 (32):  44-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1143 Abstract + ( 841 )   PDF ( 687880KB )   ( 541 ) The wild pollinators play an important role in improving forage seed production. In order to master the type and activity patterns of the pollination insects, and supply the guidance of alfalfa seed production. In 2011, the kinds of pollination insects were surveyed on alfalfa flowering in Xinjiang Agricultural University ecological stations of Hutubi. The results showed that: there were about 18 species of pollination insects during alfalfa flowering, which belonged to 18 families of 6 sections. Apoidea was the most stable and the major of pollination insects. From 14 to 16th on June, which were the fastigium of pollination insects to pollinate alfalfa flower, which the types and the number of pollination insects were mostly. In a day, from 13 pm to 16 pm, the pollination insects were more frequently.

  Effects of Paclitaxel on the Functions of Different Tissue Macrophages from Mice Chen Shunan, Guan Jiayi, Gu Chonggao, Lu Shan, Shen Hong 2013, 29 (32):  49-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1437 Abstract + ( 929 )   PDF ( 728569KB )   ( 499 ) To investigate the effects of Paclitaxel(PA) on proliferation and function of different tissue macrophages separated from mice. Peritoneal, bone marrow and spleen macrophages were prepared by aseptic technique and in vitro cultured in media containing different concentration of 40, 80 and 160 ng/mL PA alone or respectively together with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cell proliferation was detected by MTT, TNF-α and NO level were assayed by ELISA and Griess methods respectively. Phagocytic ability of peritoneal macrophages was analyzed by Wright-Giemsa staining method. The results showed that PA could significantly promote peritoneal macrophage and LPS-stimulated peritoneal and bone marrow macrophages proliferation, but inhibit spleen and bone marrow macrophages and LPS-stimulated spleen macrophages. TNF-α secretion of different tissue macrophages was inhibited by PA, but NO secretion of peritoneal and spleen macrophages was promoted by PA. PA enhanced the phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages to chicken red blood cells. PA had different impacts on the immune functions of different tissue macrophages from mice, which might be provided a new theoretical basis for the mechanism to regulate cellular immune function of PA.

  Comparative on Effects of three Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations on Acute Renal Failure Wang Hua, Zhou Xiaoqiong, Li Yan, Chen Xiaohong 2013, 29 (32):  54-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1960 Abstract + ( 810 )   PDF ( 599989KB )   ( 548 ) The preventive and therapeutic effects of three traditional Chinese medicine preparations, i.e. Wenqing (WQ), Xiangdan (XD) and Zhuling (ZL) injections, on endotoxin (ET)-induced acute renal failure (ARF) were investigated in Harbin white rabbit. Forty rabbits were randomly divided into five groups, namely negative control, model, WQ, XD and ZL, eight for each group. The rabbits, except those of negative control group, were given an intravenous injection of E. coli O111B4 ET solution. After the injection of ET, the rabbits of WQ, XD and ZL groups were immediately injected corresponding preparations. The negative control rabbits were given an intravenous injection of normal saline (NS). Liquid injected in every group was balanced in volume. An hour after the injection of ET solution or NS, serial urine samples were collected by a bladder fistula at one time per hour for six hours. After the collection of the urine samples, bleeding was immediately made from heart. To ascertain the preventive effect, the renal functional parameters were measured dynamically in the rabbits of each group. The results indicated that model rabbits developed ARF. However, in the rabbits treated with WQ, urinary output, the excretion of creatinine, urea nitrogen and sodium were significantly increased (P<0.05，P<0.01), renal failure index and the fractional excretion of sodium were markedly decreased (P<0.05，P<0.01)， endogenic creatinine clearance was significantly increased (P<0.05，P<0.01).The changes of the renal functional parameters of XD group animals, except renal failure index and the fractional excretion of sodium, were similar to those of WQ group. It could be concluded that WQ had obvious preventive and therapeutic effect on ARF induced by ET; XD had also good preventive and therapeutic effect on ET-induced ARF; but ZL group rabbits were not halted completely on ET-induced ARF.

  Cloning and Genetic Analysis of Complete cDNA Sequences of Both Segments ofInfectious Bursal Disease Virus J1C7 Strain Gao Dongni, Jin Liying, An Qi, Shen Yan, Ping Wenxiang, Ge Jingping 2013, 29 (32):  58-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1998 Abstract + ( 899 )   PDF ( 707080KB )   ( 563 ) In order to obtain the genome-wide cDNA of infectious bursal disease virus J1C7 strain and analyze its phylogenetic relationship. A proteinase K digestion and phenol-chloroform extraction method was used to extract dsRNA genome from IBDV J1C7 strain infected chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF). The specific primers were applied to amplify the two fragments of A and B segments by RT-PCR respectively. Then the fusion PCR was conducted to ligate the two fragments of A and B segments which possessed the overlapped sequences in order to construct the complete genome. The amplified PCR products were cloned by pMD-18T cloning vector. The results showed that the analysis of sequences identified that they were full-length segment A of 3260 bp (Genbank ID:EF646854) and segment B of 2827 bp (Genbank ID:EF646853) respectively. The amino acid alignment result indicates that IBDV J1C7 strain has the closest relationship with the attenuated IBDV strains (CEF94, P2, JD1, HZ2). The amino acid identity percent of VP5, VP2, VP4, VP3, VP1 were 99.3%, 99.3%-100%, 97.9%-99.2%, 96.4%-98.1%, 99.2%-99.9% respectively. The IBDV J1C7 strain belongs to the attenuated vaccine strains and the phylogenetic tree analysis indicates IBDV J1C7 strain is more closely related to the European and Chinese attenuated strains than those of vvIBDV and variant strains. This study laid the foundation for the construction of IBDV J1C7 strain ’s infectious cDNA. It also provided a reliable guarantee for further study of the relations between its structures and functions.

  Changzhou City Inland Common Fish Resources and Protection Research Chen Hui1, Wang Jihua1, Liu Xiang2, Yang Xuechen1, Xu Dongjiong3, Chen Qiao3 2013, 29 (32):  66-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1114 Abstract + ( 1038 )   PDF ( 958757KB )   ( 672 ) In order to better evaluate Changzhou City inland governance after the ecological environment, from us in August 2012 to December for three times in new north district, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province along the north drainage Mitsui River, Chai River, North River Basin, the city Tongji River Port, bath for the common community survey. Surveys were caught 331 fish tail, 3523.55 g, 3 families, 11 genera and 12 species belonging to 3 orders. Item of carp, carp shape (meal), bayes (meal) as the dominant species (IRI 1000 or higher), like Bian, grain, snakehead, etc for common (IRI 100 or higher), and gills in eel as rare species (IRI 100) or less. Margalef abundance index in 4 # was easy to buy the highest reached 1.924, and the 1 # pond northbridge, 7 # frequently Toyohashi was higher, with 11 # Tongji Hexi as minimum; Shannon Wiener diversity index to 7 # frequently Toyohashi highest, reaches 1.431, and 10 # Mitsui River crossing, the 1 # pond chipset for higher, lowest in 13 # Tongji Hedong; Pielou's Evenness Index, Evenness Index in 3 # Mitsui Bridge, the highest reached 0.978, and 10 # Mitsui River crossing, the 1 # pond chipset for higher, lowest in 13 # Tongji Hedong; Diversity index and Evenness index and Permanganate index, BOD5, petroleum, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen were significantly negative correlation between environmental factors such as, diversity index and luminescent bacteria acute toxicity and the richness index was significantly positively related to relationship. Fish species survey results for Changzhou canal protection and utilization of resources to provide the reference, and also provide strong evidence for ecological environment repair progress.

  Genetic Diversity and Differentiation of Mitochondrial DNA D-loop Region in Gymnocypris przewalskii Zhang Renyi1,2, Li Guogang1,2, Tang Yongtao1, Zhang Cunfang1, Zhao Kai1 2013, 29 (32):  71-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1174 Abstract + ( 889 )   PDF ( 605985KB )   ( 644 ) In order to protect germplasm resources of Gymnocypris przewalskii scientifically and effectively, it was especially important to investigate the population structure and genetic polymorphisms of Gymnocypris przewalskii. 754 bp nucleotide sequences of mtDNA D-loop region were obtained from 155 individuals of four populations (Lake Qinghai, Lake Keluke, Ganzi River and Cao Dalian) by PCR amplification. The sequences were analyzed by using the MEGA (version 5.05) and DnaSP (version 5.10.1) software. The results showed that 34 haplotypes were detected among 155 individuals. The haplotype diversity (Hd) and the nucleotide diversity (Pi) were (0.906±0.013) and (0.00556±0.00034) respectively. The haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of Lake Keluke population were (0.422±0.093) and (0.00272±0.00066), which were lower than those of three other populations. The low level of gene flow (Nm<0.69959) and high population differentiation values (Fst>0.26327) between Keluke population and other populations showed considerable genetic isolation, while the highest genetic differentiation was detected between Lake Keluke population and Ganzi River population (Fst=0.45854, P<0.01; Nm=0.29521). But no monophyletic group was observed clearly in the phylogenetic tree. This may be the geographic barriers among the drainages were formed relatively late. It could be concluded that Gymnocypris przewalskii has high genetic diversity. It was a certain degree of differentiation among Gymnocypris przewalskii in different geographical populations, especially Lake Keluke population. But the genetic diversity of Lake Keluke population was low, so we should make it a priority to protect.

  Effect of 1-Naphthol on Physiological Parameters of Chlorella vulgaris Qiu Liping, Luo Yonghong, Qu Jianghong, Hu Gengdong, Chen Jiazhang1,2 2013, 29 (32):  77-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0741 Abstract + ( 919 )   PDF ( 723995KB )   ( 662 ) In order to find the toxic effects of 1-Naphthol on the primary products in the aquatic ecosystems, the effects of 1-Naphthol on the biomass, chlorophyll a, Malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble protein of Chlorella vulgaris was carried out. The results showed that 1-Naphthol could inhibit the growth of Chlorella vulgaris, and after 7 days, the biomass of Chlorella vulgaris exposure to 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0, 18.0 mg/L was 60.26%, 48.15%, 41.32%, 28.59%, 27.10% of the control respectively. After 7 days of exposure to 1-Naphthol (0, 1, 5, 10 mg/L), the chlorophyll a content decreased with the concentration of 1-Naphthol increasing, the MDA content increased with the concentration of 1-Naphthol increasing, the content of soluble protein increased firstly and then decreased with the concentration of 1-Naphthol increasing. 1-Naphthol was high toxic to Chlorella vulgaris, and it could inhibit the growth of Chlorella vulgaris and therefore could decrease the primary product of aquatic eco-system.

  Effects of Formaldehyde and Malachite Green on MHC and IL-1β Content in Eyed Eggs of Taimen (Hucho taimen Pallas.) Li Shaowu, Wang Di, Lu Tongyan 2013, 29 (32):  82-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0859 Abstract + ( 982 )   PDF ( 682195KB )   ( 534 ) Influence of Formaldehyde and Malachite Green on MHC and IL-1β content in Eyed Eggs of Taimen (Hucho taimen Pallas.) was studied in this paper. Eyed eggs of Hucho taimen was randomly divided into 2 groups (n=3000), with each group subdivided into 3 replicates. Formaldehyde and malachite green were used to disinfect the eyed eggs by immersion method at the concentration of 500 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg respectively. Disinfection was performed continuously for 30 min once per day and the samples were taken at half an hour before and after disinfection. MHC and IL-1β content of samples were then determined. The results indicated that both formaldehyde and malachite green caused a certain influence on MHC and IL-1β contents in eyed eggs of Hucho taimen. Disinfection with formaldehyde steadily improved the content of MHC in eggs while had no obvious effects on IL-1β content. However, disinfection with malachite green led a disordered and violent change to MHC content in eggs and could increase rapidly the IL-1β content, which showed that disinfectants maybe have produced inflammation on eggs. The influence of formaldehyde on eggs was obviously lower than that of malachite green and there was no obvious bad effect, which indicated that formaldehyde could be applied to disinfection of eyed eggs in Hucho taimen.

  Effects of Prescription A on Anti-oxidation Capability in Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrencki Brandt.) Wang Di, Liu Hongbai 2013, 29 (32):  87-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0441 Abstract + ( 742 )   PDF ( 532906KB )   ( 600 ) In order to research the enzyme activities and contents of active materials, which were involved in anti-oxidation capability of tissues, were investigated in Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrencki Brandt.) when oral given the prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine A. The immune function of prescription A on sturgeons was also studied under high temperature stress condition. 1+ age old fish were divided into 2 groups each (n=60 in each group), with each group subdivide into 3 replicates of 20 fish per tank. A control group, in which distilled water was administered orally, was also tested. Prescription A was orally given to experimental fish at a concentration of 1.1 g/kg body weight continuously for 7 days. After the administration of drugs, parts of fish were stimulated for 2 hours at high temperature (30℃) and samples were collected. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity in plasma, liver and red blood cells, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Nitric Oxide (NO) content in plasma and liver, and Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) activity in plasma and liver, were measured and compared. The results indicate that prescription A could efficiently regulate NO content and NOS activity, increase SOD activity and decrease MDA content in several tissues of Amur sturgeon. The prescription A also brought better effects to protect the body from oxidative damage under the thermal stimulation. Thus, the prescription A was a suitable Traditional Chinese Medicine for sturgeon farming as an immune additive since it still had fine effect under the high temperature stress condition.

  Cost-benefit Analysis of the Marine Product at the Beach Area of Jiangxia Tidal Power Station Lv Xiaoting1, Wen Yanping2 2013, 29 (32):  91-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3678 Abstract + ( 813 )   PDF ( 503243KB )   ( 550 ) In order to supply a better solution to ensure sustainable development of the marine product at the beach area of Jiangxia Tidal Power Station, and put forward corresponding policy. Based on survey of 5marine product farmers at the beach area of Jiangxia Tidal Power Station, the author got the date with a questionnaire. The author made an analysis on the current situation of tidal aquaculture at the beach area of Jiangxia Tidal Power Station in 2011, including its cost structure, income level, and the major effect factors of economic benefits. The results showed that: (1) feed and fry costs, the total of 2 items amounts to about from 82% to 92% of the total cost; (2) The different farmers were very obvious to control the feed costs; (3) The benefits of a large-scale framers were not more than the small-scale ones; (4) To branch out into selling the fish, such as the aquatic product was sold to somewhere else, could get more benefits; (5) To aquiculture at the beach area of Jiangxia Tidal Power Station could get much money about 15 million yuan; (6) The per capita income of fisherman to levels was much higher than the rural per capita net income level in Wenling City.

  Design Research of Intelligent RSS Reader for Fishery Scientific Data Xiao Hui, Wang Lihua, Xu Shuo, Chen Mengjie (Institute of Fisheries Engineering 2013, 29 (32):  95-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0763 Abstract + ( 974 )   PDF ( 635143KB )   ( 691 ) The traditional RSS reader receives a large amount of redundant information. The object of the study is to provide an intelligent reader to solve the problem. The paper proposes an intelligent RSS reader based on Fisheries Science Data Platform. The key intelligent techniques applied in the paper include VSM (Vector Space Model), Chinese word segmentation and object persistence techniques. According to the RSS reader experiment, the effectiveness of filtering is 86.2% and the accuracy of filtering is 82.4%. The result proves that the reader can effectively filter out the irrelevant information. The results of application show that, implementation intelligent RSS reader of fisheries science data allows users to obtain more accurate information.

  Isolation and Identification of the Pathogens of the Skin ulceration disease in Lateolabrax japonicus Lin Xing 2013, 29 (32):  100-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1010 Abstract + ( 995 )   PDF ( 567498KB )   ( 545 ) In order to find the pathogens of the ulceration disease of Lateolabrax japonicus in seawater pond culture and the prevention and control methods of its diseases and pests, the diseased ulceration diseasal Lateolabrax japonicus were selected from Putian bacterials were isolated from the disease Lateolabrax japonicus and were confirmed to be the pathogen of the disease by artificial infection test. According to the results, morphological feature, physiological and biochemical characteristics were very similar to Vibrio harveyi. Experiments showed that Aeromonas hydrophila was sensitive to Cotrimoxazole, Amoxicillin, Piperacillin, Ticarcillin, Cefradine, Cefotaxime, Cefepime, Ceftazidime, Cefuroxime sodium, Meropenem, Cefoxitin, Amikacin, Netilmicin, Amikacin and other 14 kinds of antibiotics, but it was insensitive to minocycline, streptomycin and so on. By adding compound Cotrimoxazole and vitamin C in feed to the treatment of Lateolabrax japonicus skin ulcer disease in the actual production, continuous administration for 10 days, has obtained the good curative effect.

  Analysis on the Spatial Changes of Barley Production of China and Their Determinants Yang Dongqun, Li Xiande 2013, 29 (32):  105-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3819 Abstract + ( 866 )   PDF ( 659251KB )   ( 787 ) The study analyzed the characteristic of temporal changes and the spatial variability of barley production. From 1996 to 2010, barley production was shifted from north China to northwest China and southwest China. Loess Plateau Area, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang region, southwest area were becoming more and more important in barely production of China. The position of middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River in barley production was strengthened. The status of north China in Chinese barely production was gradually weakened. The determinants of spatial changes of barley production were as follows. Whether there were the comparative advantages of growing barely. Whether there were crop advantages for barely. Whether feed processing enterprises use barley as materials etc. We suggested that make policies improving comparative advantage of barely production of farmers. We should pay close attention to the development of feed barley, and solve problems of every segment in barley industry chain, such as production, selling, feed processing, livestock farming, and consumption of livestock products.

  China Major Grain Producing Areas of Agricultural Labor Productivity Growth Path Analysis Zhou Ning1, Cui Qifeng2 2013, 29 (32):  112-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3088 Abstract + ( 912 )   PDF ( 712559KB )   ( 585 ) The source of agricultural growth has two aspects from the theory of economic growth, first is the increase in investment of resources, and second is the productivity improvement. Agricultural labor productivity growth means related to the sustainability of agricultural growth. This paper analyzed China’s major grain producing areas agricultural labor productivity growth path. Relative to the increased in productivity per unit of land, the greater output came from the value of per unit labor. Its essence was the result of reduced labor number. As the labor for greater elasticity in agricultural GDP, and maintained a substantial increase in agricultural output. In future, China's agricultural economic growth still depends on the output per unit of land; increased agricultural productivity is still the future development of good policy.

  Analysis on Necessity of Benefit Compensation for Major Grain Producing Area——Based on Gaps of Grain Production and Economic Development Between Cui Qifeng1, Zhou Ning2, Jiang Heping1 2013, 29 (32):  118-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3535 Abstract + ( 829 )   PDF ( 713995KB )   ( 452 ) In order to prove the necessity of benefit compensation in major grain producing area, this paper analyzed some gaps of grain production and economic development between the major and other areas, taking Henan Province and Guangdong Province as an example. The results showed that, the major area making important contribution for our country’s food safety existed huge gap in the per capita net income of farmers and the economic development with non-major area, which was bound to affect the enthusiasm of local government and peasants for developing grain and threat national food security. Therefore, it had significant importance for national long-term food security to make farmer in major grain producing area to engage the roughly average income with other production and made the major area to obtain its compensation with its contribution for county’s food safety at reasonable cost.

  Study on Planting Production Efficiency Factors in Village Field, Arid Region:Taking Three Village, Qitai County, Xinjiang as An Example Wang Yanfang1, Xiong Heigang1,2, Han Chunxian1,3, Yang Jing1 2013, 29 (32):  125-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1077 Abstract + ( 688 )   PDF ( 783293KB )   ( 549 ) In order to study the planting benefit factors in village field, arid area, the author took Three Village, Qitai County, Xinjiang as an example, to reveal the restricted factors of rural development in the area by analyzing the agricultural production efficiency. To obtain research data by using field surveys and door-to-door questionnaire survey and interviews, the author used regression analysis, analyzed the farming cost structure and the key cost, the impact of cost and land acreage for farming income and type of crop farming income. The results showed that: the cost of drilling wells and crops cost were the important factors affecting the total cost of production of farmers farming; farming production was capital intensive. Rent, crop costs and well drilling costs were the main factors to affect farming income; farming was extensive land resource-dependent; contracting land area expansion was the major way to affect farmers farming income; wheat growing was the main revenue source of farmers planting.

  Principal Component-Hierarchical Cluster Analysis Based Empirical Research of Regional Agriculture Competitiveness in Shandong Wang Xiaorong 2013, 29 (32):  131-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3879 Abstract + ( 823 )   PDF ( 485090KB )   ( 479 ) To comprehensively analyses the regional agricultural of Shandong Province, this article, based on the index system design of regional agricultural competitiveness, reduces dimension of data, and extracts principal components to classify the regional agricultural competitiveness of the seventeen cities of Shandong Province by using hierarchical cluster analysis. Research results showed that, the seventeen cities of Shandong Province could be sorted into three categories, and then it proposed corresponding countermeasures to provide some reference for decision-making of how to improve the regional agriculture competitiveness of Shandong Province.

  Evaluation on the Present Situation of the Intensive Urban Land Use of Shandong Province and Its Special Difference Li Helong, Liang Hongmei 2013, 29 (32):  136-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1211 Abstract + ( 1053 )   PDF ( 841375KB )   ( 694 ) In order to promote the land use of Shandong Province into intensification, the author put 17 prefecture-lever cities of 2010’s Shandong Province as the study objects, on the basis of relevant researches at home and abroad. By building evaluation index system of intensive urban land use and exerting the methods of principal component analysis and cluster analysis, the author discussed the present situation and the special differences in intensive urban land use of cities in Shandong Province. The results showed that: the intensive use of land in Shandong Province was in a low degree, and it had distinct regional difference. From the perspective of space, Qingdao, Yantai and Weihai located in Shandong peninsula, and Ji’nan which located in the middle of Shandong, were in a high degree, while some cities which were far away from the central cities and core competitive groups, such as Dezhou, Liaocheng, Heze, Zaozhuang, and so on were in a low degree. The special pattern had formed approximately from northeast to southwest which crossed the whole Shandong Province and decreased step by step, taking shape of an ‘N’ structure from the view of space. Then, the 17 cities above could be divided into 4 different types of intensive land use. Finally, combined with the actual situation in Shandong Province, the author put forward suggestions and measures to improve the intensive land use.

  Study on Different Rural Residential Areas Using Scale Wang Jing, Shi Xueyi, Niu Yujun, Wang Haiping, Liu Weiwei 2013, 29 (32):  144-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3693 Abstract + ( 803 )   PDF ( 525248KB )   ( 599 ) In order to obtain reasonably the scale of increase or decrease hook the relocation areas and promote the smooth development of rural residential land remediation work, the author discussed the standard and scale of rural residential land. This paper researched the farmers type by using the K-Means Cluster clustering analysis, thus studied the rural settlements scale of the proportion of farmers. This paper could be concluded as: households were divided into agricultural type, multi-agricultural type, labor type and semi-farming type according to the clustering analysis. The housing land was divided into living space and productive space by its function. According to the farmers nature and homestead functions discussed by farmers homestead standard. The classification of rural settlements according to the ratio of total households number and the determination of appropriate residential building area ratio were confirmed. Results showed that, the rural settlements of per person were 71-82 m2, 75-89 m2, 63-69 m2, 68-75 m2 respectively. This paper finally obtained that the rural residential of study area was 5.5 hm2 to 6.2 hm2 combining with the demographic situation. This research provides a reference for rural land reclamation plan.

  The study of Yunnan characteristics of agricultural development based on the perspective of industrial clusters ——Geographical indication Panax Notoginseng of Wenshan as research sample Yuan Yuan1, Shi Lin2, Dong Xiaobo2, Peng Ziyun1, Chen Rui1, Zhao Gang2, Yang Hon 2013, 29 (32):  150-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0067 Abstract + ( 769 )   PDF ( 586141KB )   ( 514 ) In view of the excellent performance of the industrial competitiveness of industrial clusters， cluster strategy has become an important strategic move for many domestic and foreign government regional development.This article will Panax Notoginseng Industries of Wenshan as research sample， which is the the success of Yunnan industrial clusters to promote the regional characteristics of agricultural development typical.And thus the analysis of industrial clusters to promote the causes of the regional characteristics of agricultural development， role， and sum up experience， to promote the Yunnan Province regional characteristics of agricultural products leapfrog for reference.

  The Construction of Systematic Index of Developing Potential Competence on Urban Tourism Development and Applied Research : Taking the 15 Sub-provincial Cities in China as an Example Wang Xuefeng, Zhang Hui 2013, 29 (32):  157-163.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3161 Abstract + ( 783 )   PDF ( 619099KB )   ( 593 ) Urban tourism developing potentiality is reflected in competition with other urban potential to play out and promote the continued development of the tourism industry's ability under the combined effects of tourism resources, tourism location, tourism enterprises, tourism industry status and other natural economic environmental factors. The research on urban tourism developing potentiality was increasingly caused concern and attention of scholars. The paper took the 15 sub-provincial cities in China as an example, summarized previous studies and from three dimensions included the foundation for the development of urban tourism, development capacity and the future development of space, then selects seven indicators of quantitative analysis the use of tourism development potential of maximizing deviations of various cities, and evaluation results were analyzed and summarized, in order to provide theoretical support to the development of the regional tourism industry in China.

  Study on the Development Planning of Yuanping Modern Agriculture 2013, 29 (32):  164-170.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3706 Abstract + ( 640 )   PDF ( 1898544KB )   ( 556 ) As the lastest stage of agriculture development, modern agriculture is widely used in modern science and technology, means of production and scientific management provided by modern industrial, has important significance to stability and development of society and economy. In view of the agricultural basic conditions of Yuanping, we discussed the development planning thoughts and program layouts including planning concept, strategy, principle, localization, general targets and industry choice, layout, etc. Through the analysis of Yuanping agricultural environment resources, to coordinate the urban-rural development, it should establish the pattern of agricultural development a special arrangement: one belt, two wings, one center and four groups. And thus Yuanping will become the demonstrationzone of national modern agricultural, ecological cycle agriculture, ‘Double pilot’ typical county and the important agricultural and sideline products processing and logistics center.

  Changing Characteristics of Research Funding in Provincial Agricultural Academy and Institutes and Management Countermeasures Li Xia1, Wu Guoxiang2, Dong Hezhong1 2013, 29 (32):  171-175.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0022 Abstract + ( 841 )   PDF ( 543807KB )   ( 548 ) With the increasing attention to agricultural science and technology from our state and local governments, the funding of provincial agricultural research institutes in China has changed greatly. The changes were characterized by sharp increases in total amount, diverse funding sources, different management regulations for various funding, and complexity of project organizational forms. However, there were problems associated with fund management like detachment of fund management from project management or mis-match between budgeting and actual demand, as well as separation of asset management and financial control, or separation of project expenditures from actual research demand. Based on these new features and problems, it was proposed to establish a sound financial management system with standardized management of research funds, to prepare the project budget and final accounts. This will improve the efficiency in the use of project funds. It was also suggested to develop a research project funding and management system so as to strengthen the supervision and management of project funds.

  Obstacle Analysis and Countermeasure Research of Rural Small Enterprise Debt Financing 2013, 29 (32):  176-181.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0942 Abstract + ( 679 )   PDF ( 565257KB )   ( 604 ) Abstract：The paper analyzes external environment and internal restrictive factors of rural small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) financing.In order to solve difficulties in rural SME financing, policy mechanisms should be established, which include formation of financial institutions with a policy nature specifically for rural SME, further opening up and invigorating the rural financial market and establishment of credit guarantee organizations.At the same time, rural SME enterprises themselves should explore and set up enterprise groups guarantee mechanism, carry out supply chain management, e-commerce and the third-party logistics to reduce the amount of funds used. It is essential for rural SME enterprises themselves to strengthen their integrity, to improve credit information public awareness and beware of the transfer of credit morality risk.

  Analysis on Current Situation of Rural Household Energy Consumption in Tancheng County 2013, 29 (32):  182-187.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3398 Abstract + ( 816 )   PDF ( 627688KB )   ( 588 ) Based on field survey and questionnaires on rural household energy consumption in Tancheng County, the willingness of energy use of rural residents and the consumption situation of rural household energy were analyzed .The research results were these aspects: there had significant changes for the consumption ideas of rural household, farmers began pay attention to the the clean, convenient and high-efficiency energy and not was the economic energy as before. Top three kinds of household energies were solar energy, electric energy and central gas supply, and these three kinds energies accounted for more than 85% of the total consumption quantity of the rural household energy in the rural areas in Tancheng County. The energy consumption modes present diversification, and the most popular mode was electric energy+ liquefied petroleum gas+ coal+ solar energy, and then was the mode of electric energy+ liquefied petroleum gas+ solar energy. Main rural household energy types were solar energy, electric energy, coal and liquefied petroleum gas in the rural areas in Tancheng County. Biogas users accounted for 4.5% of the total rural household, so it is difficult to develop household biogas according the actual situation of Tancheng County. As traditional rural household energy, straw and firwood have become unnecessary.

  The Research Progress of Mode and Benefit Distribution of Rural Residential Land Consolidation 2013, 29 (32):  188-192.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0993 Abstract + ( 749 )   PDF ( 519116KB )   ( 486 ) Combing through the research literatures on rural residential land consolidation, the paper found many research in this field. Foreign rural residential land consolidation mode has the concept and institutional features of reflecting overall diversification, putting emphasis on the distribution of benefits, focusing on ecological landscaping which also laid the foundation for its specific distribution of benefits. In China, the studies are focused on the issue of rural residential land consolidation concept and connotation, pattern classification, the driving force, effective evaluation and are relatively weak in the global characteristics of the various types of consolidation modes, especially deficiencies in relation to this. For the distribution of interests of the various stakeholders in the rural residential land consolidation, fresh bud literatures take it as an object of study. A small number of scholars in the study of issues related pay some attention to this issue which reflects the thinking. To explore reasonable rural residential land consolidation mode and effectively protect the interests of stakeholders will be an important part of the follow-up study.

  Cost-benefit Comparison of Farmers’ Use of Cultivated Land in Land Transference in Kaijiang County 2013, 29 (32):  193-197.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3301 Abstract + ( 768 )   PDF ( 545329KB )   ( 424 ) Comparative analysis of cultivated land of farmers in Kaijiang County land use of cost-benefit, using cost-benefit analysis, research the farmers’ will of cultivated land protection in land transference to make targeted recommendations for cultivated land protection in Kaijiang County. Research results showed that, in land transferring farmers' annual financial compensation was 15930 yuan per hectare in Kaijiang County. Based on the minimum wage 450 yuan per month in Kaijiang County in 2007, we could calculate the minimum wage was 52085 yuan per hectare of arable land. It clarified farmers in land transferring receive economic compensation far less than the minimum wage standards of Kaijiang County. This might be the cause of farmers in land transferring reluctant to farm. While the conversion into household development large-scale pig, the acquisition of economic benefit was the highest, but this behavior was bad for protecting farmland. So increasing farmer's economic compensation appropriately and enhancing the supervision of cultivated land are inevitable to protect cultivated land.

  Mode and Contribution Difference of Farmer’s Fund Cooperatives: Taking Heilongjiang as Example 2013, 29 (32):  198-203.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3961 Abstract + ( 901 )   PDF ( 579058KB )   ( 592 ) It analyzed the contribution difference of different mode of fund cooperatives in Heilongjiang on the base of investigation. The result was that the contribution of fund cooperatives building mainly on the special cooperatives is good, the contribution of fund cooperatives building mainly on the government is medium, and the contribution of fund cooperatives mainly on loaning is not regular.

  Challenges for Crop Straw Return—A Questionnaire Survey on Farmers’ Vision from Shangqiu Municipality, Henan Province 2013, 29 (32):  204-208.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4215 Abstract + ( 850 )   PDF ( 612072KB )   ( 1001 ) Straw return is a kind of agricultural biomass circulation processing mode advocated by the government and the scientific community. But straw burning has becoming more and more serious in recent years. In order to provide better understanding of the influence of straw return on agricultural production, the author randomly visited some farmers of Shangqiu municipality which is the major grain-producing city of Henan province, collecting relevant information by questionnaire survey. The results showed that 92.5% of the respondents had taken straw return measures while only half were willing to take directly returning measure. Almost 70.8% thought straw application on agriculture could aggravate crop insects diseases and 52.5% needed to spray more insecticide to keep stable yield. For the moment, some respondents used straw biochar and 60% of them claimed that had the benefits of increasing yield, reducing crop insects diseases. The survey also showed that the crop scale or whether living by farming who said straw application couldn’t increase yield but needed to spray more insecticide are the main factors influencing the farmer’s willingness. Thus, it is really difficult for farmers to take straw back to the field directly and new ways to solve the straw problem is urgently needed.

  Discussion on the Countermeasures of Advancing Professional Title System Reformation 2013, 29 (32):  209-212.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2180 Abstract + ( 774 )   PDF ( 464952KB )   ( 506 ) In Chinese talent evaluation system, professional title system is a basic system of evaluation and management for professional talents. The article discussed the development process of professional title system, the conception and connotation of current professional title. The article analysis and indicated there were some problems in the current professional title system with the rapid development of Chinese economy and society, such as the outmoded management style of government, the inaccurate function of professional title, the imperfect frame system, the incomplete service scopes, the unscientific evaluation standards, the relatively simple evaluation methods, etc. In order to accelerate the construction of talents team, the article proposed promoting the reformation and perfection of professional title system, such as, determining the function of professional title, promoting the classified reformation of professional title system, perfecting the professional qualifications system, improving the management systems of the professional title evaluation and examination and so on.

  Theoretical Analysis on Kernel Part of Sugar Beet Paper Pot Seedling Transplanter 2013, 29 (32):  213-215.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3451 Abstract + ( 837 )   PDF ( 515106KB )   ( 537 ) In order to design, use and adjust the transplanter of sugar beet paper pot seedling correctly, it is very important to find out the parameter interrelationship of duckbill-type transplanting apparatus. The trajectory of duckbill was a trochoid, which always moved perpendicular to the ground through theoretically analysis on the kernel part of the transplanter of sugar beet paper pot seedling. When the duckbill rotated to near the lowest position, its absolute speed is close to zero, then paper pot seedlings were given out to drop into the trench smoothly through opening the beak. Eigen value had an inverse proportional relationship with transmission ratio, which should be attentively guaranteed in the reasonable value range in order to ensure transplanting quality for sugar beet paper-pot seedling when the planting spaces were adjusted by changing the transmission ratio.

  A Preliminary Study of Underground Bottle Irrigation: A New Method that can Increase the Irrigation Uniformity of Low Water Head Gravitational Irrigation 2013, 29 (32):  216-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3399 Abstract + ( 1045 )   PDF ( 2151396KB )   ( 1048 ) In order to resolve the problem of low irrigation uniformity of rainwater harvesting and gravitational irrigation systems, this study advanced a new method that could increase the irrigation uniformity of low water head gravitational irrigation: underground bottle irrigation, demonstrated the principle of this method, and conducted a preliminary research on the underground step of this method in air dried, loose soil. The results showed that: underground bottle irrigation could form an ellipsoidal wet soil body which had relatively even distributed soil water content around the bottle. 1-2 days after 5 L water was irrigated, water spread horizontally to 10-15 cm from the bottle and vertically to 16-23 cm from bottom of the bottle. The average water content in the wet soil body was about 17%. The irrigation water wouldn’t percolate to deep soil layers. Moreover, the characteristics of the wet soil body and the dill method of irrigation bottle were not well related, which was convenient for arrangement of irrigation bottles in field. The underground bottle irrigation was a simple and feasible method which would be commonly used in the semi-arid loess hilly regions.

  Prediction Methods Analysis of the Water Quality Based on the ARMA Model 2013, 29 (32):  221-224.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3509 Abstract + ( 863 )   PDF ( 623827KB )   ( 636 ) Appropriate choice of a model to improve the accuracy and reliability of the forecast to provide a scientific basis for regional water quality management, is the key to solve the problem of water quality prediction. In order to solve this problem, the change values of CODMn of the Dongling Bridge monitoring section were forecasted in Liaohe Basin, according to the Liaohe Basin reality with the auto-regressive moving average (ARMA) model. The results showed that: the ARMA (1,1) model was the most appropriate model for the water quality prediction of the Dongling Bridge section by comprehensive consideration of the autocorrelation function, partial autocorrelation function and the BIC principle. The fitting results showed that the relative error was between 2.60% and 25.98%, the average relative error was 13.69%, indicating that the model could accurately predict future water quality trends by taking full advantage of recent water quality data. The forecast of the values of CODMn of Dongling Bridge monitoring sections showed that future CODMn was growing, water environment management tasks were still hard in Liaoning Province. Finally, the problems and development directions of ARMA model application in the prediction of water quality were discussed.

  The Rehabilitation Evaluation of Mining Field in Fuxin Haizhou Mine Dump by Applying Soil Penetrometer 2013, 29 (32):  225-229.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3789 Abstract + ( 663 )   PDF ( 1564855KB )   ( 451 ) It is very important for mining field rehabilitation to acquire the suitable indices. In order to study the feasibility of cone index as a new index to evaluate the rehabilitation of mining field, an improved soil penetrometer was used to measure the soil compaction of rehabilitation field in Fuxin Haizhou strip mine dump. Totally 264 sampling points were measured in 7 plots of covering soil area. All of experimental data were processed by GIS and statistical methods combined with GPS information. The results showed that: the more than 50% measured points’ thickness of covering soil was greater than demand of soil covering project in the resent 4 years. It meant that coal gangue was decomposing slowly. The experiment also proved the feasibility of using soil cone index to evaluate the rehabilitation of mining field.

  Study on Scavenging and Disconnecting Effect of Nitrosation Reaction with Extracts of Tetradium Ruticarpum and Glycyrrhizae 2013, 29 (32):  230-237.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3092 Abstract + ( 667 )   PDF ( 727070KB )   ( 523 ) Abstract: The inhibition of N-nitroso compounds formation and scavenging effect to sodium nitrite by the extracts of Tetradium ruticarpum and Glycyrrhizae were investigated. The optimum condition on extracting active components of grape seeds were determined by L9 (33) orthogonal test. The results showed that when consider the scavenging rate as the main index, the optimum extraction conditions of Tetradium ruticarpum were as followed: the ratio (W/g:V/mL) of solid (Tetradium ruticarpum) to solution (50% Ethanol) is 1: 50, the extraction was proceeded for two and half hours using refluxing. Under those conditions, the maximum capacity of scavenging effect to sodium nitrite were 0.8365. While the optimum extraction conditions of Glycyrrhizae were as followed: the ratio (W/g:V/mL) of solid (Glycyrrhizae) to solution (70% Ethanol) is 1: 50, the extraction was proceeded for one and half hours using refluxing. Under those conditions, the maximum capacity of scavenging effect to sodium nitrite were 0.5580. When consider the disconnection rate as the main index, the optimum extraction conditions were as followed: the ratio of solid (Tetradium ruticarpum) to solution (60% Ethanol) is 1:50, the extraction was proceeded for two and half hours in 80℃. Under those conditions, the maximum capacity of inhibit the N-nitroso compounds formation were 0.9228. While the optimum extraction conditions were as followed: the ratio of solid (Glycyrrhizae) to solution (60 % Ethanol) is 1:50, the extraction was proceeded for two and half hours in 60℃. Under those conditions, the maximum capacity of inhibit the N-nitroso compounds formation were 0.6256.

  BP Neural Network in Xuchang Soil Moisture Prediction Model 2013, 29 (32):  238-241.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1510 Abstract + ( 804 )   PDF ( 655245KB )   ( 608 ) Scientific guidance for agricultural irrigation and drought relief, by using BP neural network method to study soil moisture Xuchang existing empirical analysis model, the establishment of soil moisture prediction model Xuchang years of combined soil moisture measured data and meteorological data error analysis. The results showed that, BP neural network model could be applied to better analyze and predicted soil moisture Xuchang, for different conditions of the region had better adaptability and application value.

  Research on Isolation of Cellulose and Lignin from the Bone of Ramie by Formic Acid-acetic Acid System 2013, 29 (32):  242-246.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3152 Abstract + ( 805 )   PDF ( 719424KB )   ( 516 ) For separation and utilization of cellulose and lignin in the bone of ramie, the cellulose and lignin in the bone of ramie were separated by formic acid-acetic acid system. The mass fraction of the ratio of formic acid-acetic acid-water, solid and liquid ratio, reaction temperature on separation effect were studied. Simultaneously, the FT-IR and some metals content were studied on the cellulose separated from the bone of ramie. The results showed that: the optimum conditions were formic acid /acetic acid/water (45/35/20), solid and liquid ratio of 1/20 (g/mL) and the extraction temperature of 100℃. The yield rate of cellulose was 66.54% and the extraction rate of lignin was 35.1% in the optimum conditions. The content of heavy metal Pb in the cellulose was 0. The results of this study were to provide the technical guidance for ramie resources comprehensive development and utilization, at the same to provide a theoretical reference for utilization of other plant resources.

  The Study of Measurement for Sustainable Development of Poyang Lake Ecological Economy Zone 2013, 29 (32):  247-251.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3970 Abstract + ( 982 )   PDF ( 623377KB )   ( 531 ) The author researched the sustainable development ability of Poyang Lake ecological economy zone, and ordering, as the region better realize the harmony of zoology and economy, in order to implement the national strategy to provide decision-making. The author constructed the ecological support, economic support, social support three system based on Poyang Lake ecological economic zone, sustainable development evaluation index system, and to the Poyang Lake ecological economic zone in25 major county as research in specific areas, using AHP and principal component analysis to measure. The results showed that: sustainable development ecological support capacity of the top county, the comprehensive sustainable development capacity ranking general front; at the expense of ecological support to economic development, social support of prefectural region comprehensive sustainable development ability was generally not high.

  Ecologically Feasible Evaluation for Urban Land Expanding and Spatiotemporal Space on Cultivated Land Protection 2013, 29 (32):  252-258.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0027 Abstract + ( 845 )   PDF ( 980447KB )   ( 464 ) Aimed at the problem of construction land sprawling out into agricultural land in urban fringe, a ecologically feasible space for urban land expanding evaluation system was designed, which was composed of land construction feasibility and ecologically evaluation system and land capability evaluation system. In this system not only the sightseeing function and tourism of agriculture, but also agriculture’s landscape and ecological function are considered. Taking the city of Zhumadian as an example, land construction feasibility and cultivated land suitability evaluated were built. Considering high quality cultivated land should be protected, four types of synthetically suitability sub areas were obtained. Accordingly, urban development space consisting of primary construction zones, preferential construction zone, restricted construction zone and forbidden construction zone. The ways of application of spatial and temporal allocation of new build-up land were explored. The results showed that the areas of these four categories of Zhumadian accounted for 37.05%, 28.87%, 17.75% and 16.33%, respectively. This method provides information support for the new construction land allocation in urban fringe.

  Study on Evaluation of Land Ecological Security of Apengjiang Town, 2013, 29 (32):  259-264.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0173 Abstract + ( 886 )   PDF ( 676162KB )   ( 507 ) Evaluation of land ecological security provides scientific bases for land optimal allocation, making land use planning and environment management. Apengjiang Town was taken as the study area and a system of evaluation of land ecological security has been established consisting of five indices (vegetation, land carrying capacity, values of land use of ecosystem services, ecological risk and slope farmland). Based on optimal combination weight method, the comprehensive scores were determined and calculated for land ecological security. Classification and evaluation of land ecological security of thirteen villages of Apengjiang Town were then carried out according to weighted sum method. The results show that, the security status of Qinlin Village, Xishui Village, Qinggang Village, Huanglian Village, Shihe Village, Pengjia Village and Qituo Village were classified as “good level”, while the other six villages were labeled “sensitive level”. The level of land ecological security depends greatly on quantity, structure and spatial distribution of land use patterns.

  Research on the Process of Hydrogen Peroxide Treating the Pollutants of Rehmanniae 2013, 29 (32):  265-269.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0314 Abstract + ( 635 )   PDF ( 613047KB )   ( 467 ) [Abstract] The objective of this experiment was to examinate the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide dilute solutions in removing the 3,4-benzopyrene in rehmanniae by means of immersion method. Single factor and orthogonal experiments were done to examinate the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide dilute solutions of different temperature, different immersion time and different concentration in removing the 3,4-benzopyrene in rehmanniae and to find out the optimum technology parameter. The result showed that, (1) 90% 3,4-benzopyrene in rehmanniae can be removed by hydrogen peroxide dilute solutions of concentration range used in this experiment; (2) immersion time was the most important factor in the process of removal of the 3,4-benzopyrene in rehmanniae, while temperature was the second important factor and concentration of hydrogen peroxide dilute solution is the last; (3) the technological condition combination to remove the 3,4-benzopyrene in rehmanniae was optimum when the concentration of hydrogen peroxide dilute solution was 2%, the temperature of solution was 37℃ and immersion time was 50 minutes. The conclusion was that by means of immersion method, hydrogen peroxide dilute solution can be used by interrelated industrial enterprises to remove the 3,4-benzopyrene in rehmanniae.

  Detection of Environmental Toxin of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Plants by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Based on C18 Column 2013, 29 (32):  270-273.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2722 Abstract + ( 904 )   PDF ( 659349KB )   ( 614 ) In this study, we planned to set up a fast and accurated method for detecting the level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in plant. The C18 column instead of PAHs column was used and the chromatographic conditions were optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiment. The optimal separated conditions were: detection wavelength was 300 nm, column temperature was maintained at 30℃, injection amount was 20 μL, a flow rate was 0.7 mL/min, acetonitrile as phase B. The gradient elution procedure was 0-3 min (50% A+50% B), 3-30 min (100% B). There was a good linear relationship between peak area and concentration, the correlation coefficient ≥0.9990, the relative standard deviation of ≤2%. This study established a C18 chromatography column instead of PAHs column detection method. It not only detected PAH fast and accurately, but also reduced the cost using for the detected equipment.

  The Study on Remedial Effect of Several Fertilization Structures onAcidic Vegetable Soil from River Deposit 2013, 29 (32):  274-279.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2485 Abstract + ( 831 )   PDF ( 725707KB )   ( 538 ) In order to reduce the loss caused by soil for agriculture and ecological environment deterioration, to guarantee the sustainable development of agriculture in Hunan and provide scientific basis for the ecological environment protection. A field experiment and laboratory analysis were performed to study acid characteristics in garden soil in the suburb of Changsha City. The results showed that: only applying chemical fertilizers could significantly reduce soil pH and promote soil acidification. Applying MgO and CaO treatments could effectively reduce the acid of surface soil, but the effect on the improvement of the bottom soil acid was not obvious. Exchangeable acid and pH value had an inverse relationship, and only at the lower acidity, exchangeable aluminum ions could be appeared in soil. Top soil CEC values were relatively stable, and soil CEC ranged from 8 to 10.75 cmol/kg with an average of 9.05 cmol/kg. The preserving-fertility and acid-base buffering capacity in the tested soil was weak.

  Influence of Conservation Tillage on Top Soil Physical and Chemical Quality in Rain-fed Areas of the Loess Plateau 2013, 29 (32):  280-285.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2370 Abstract + ( 725 )   PDF ( 706945KB )   ( 563 ) In order to reveal the response of the surface soil to farming models and clarify the impact of conservation tillage on soil physical and chemical quality, the influence of total of 6 agricultural measures including conventional tillage (T), no-tillage (NT), conventional tillage with straw incorporation (TS), no-tillage with straw mulching (NTS), conventional tillage with plastic-film mulch (TP) and no-tillage with plastic-film mulch (NTP) on the changes of top soil physical and chemical quality at 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-30 cm such as water, bulk density, porosity, aggregates and organic carbon was studied with spring wheat followed by field pea (W→P) in the western loess plateau. The results showed that the content of soil water under T measure, and all of the NT, TS, NTS measures presented increasing first and then decreasing at the range of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-30 cm, and both of TP, NTP measures were on oppose with T. The soil density increased with the soil depth increasing except the T measure with creasing first and then decreasing; the soil porosity increased with the soil depth decreasing except the T and TS measures with creasing first and then decreasing. All of the NT, NTS and NTP measures were advantages for the formation of bigger soil aggregates and the soil aggregates were enhanced with the soil depth increasing, and the TS, NTS and TP, NTP were good for the soil aggregates of top soil and 5-10 cm, respectively. The total contents of organic carbon of all of the six conservation tillage measures showed the same trends of decreasing with the soil depth increasing, the contents of that of NT, NTS and NTP were respectively higher than that of T, TS and TP, in addition, the total contents of organic carbon reached the highest value with 10.78 g/kg, 10.36 g/kg and 9.83 g/kg and increased 4.46%, 14.98% and 11.83% compared to the T measures at the depth of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-30 cm. All of which indicated that the conservation tillage could maintain the top soil water content, decrease the soil density, improve the soil porosity, enhance the soil aggregates and increase the use efficiency of organic carbon at some degree.

  The Distribution and Change of Soil Nutrients in Xilinguole Grassland 2013, 29 (32):  286-290.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0346 Abstract + ( 646 )   PDF ( 702079KB )   ( 568 ) To understand the distribution and change of soil nutrients in Xilinguole grassland, we analyzed the data of soil nutrients between 2006 and 2010 using the methods of mathematical statistics such as monadic linear regression, linear tendency estimates and correlation analysis, ect. Results showed that the content of organic matter, total N, total P and total K in soil were 22.371 g/kg, 1.053 g/kg, 0.36 g/kg and 23.737 g/kg, and decreased with increasing layer depth along 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm, which decline rate were -0.361, -0.031, -0.004, -0.051 (g/kg)/cm, and also had some correlation in organic matter, total N, total P and total K. The content of organic matter has been a significant rise from year to year, and the correlation coefficient between content and years was -0.8087 and passed 5% level of significance. There had otherwise been a notable downtrend with total K and the correlation coefficient was -0.903 and passed 5% level of significance. Change trend of total N and total P were not obvious and the rate were 0.015, 0.012 (g/kg)/year. In general, soil nutrients were some different in different types of grassland.

  Study on Heavy Metal Pollution in Greenbelt Soil of Huaihua City 2013, 29 (32):  291-295.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3883 Abstract + ( 636 )   PDF ( 573558KB )   ( 439 ) In order to understand the current situation of heavy metal pollution in greenbelt soil of Huaihua City, this research studied the quantitative characteristics of heavy metal pollution in different regions and different types of greenbelt soil of Huaihua City, by using INNOV-X soil heavy metal measurement instrument and the method of single factor pollution index and the synthesis pollution index. Results showed that: both the individual pollution indexes of Cr and As element in the three regional greenbelt where located in city center, Yingfeng area, Tuoyuan area were greater than 1, manifesting as light pollution. The synthesis pollution index of three regional greenbelts was greater than 1, also manifesting as light pollution. And the changes showed certain regularity, the pollution degree had the trend of increasing gradually from suburbs to city center. The individual pollution indexes of Cr, As and Cu element in the road greenbelt, the public greenbelt of Huaihua City were all greater than 1, manifesting as light pollution or moderate pollution. Except for the productive greenbelt, the synthesis pollution indexes of other greenbelt types were greater than 1, manifesting as light pollution. Different greenbelt types showed different levels of pollution, road greenbelt > public greenbelt > accessory greenbelt > productive greenbelt. In view of the above situation, adopting preventive and control measures to control the heavy metal pollution in greenbelt soil of Huaihua City is very important to the construction of ecological livable city.

  Study on the Water and Soil Pollution in Karst Area, Harm from Coal Mine Waste Water and Evaluation 2013, 29 (32):  296-302.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0631 Abstract + ( 742 )   PDF ( 1408977KB )   ( 453 ) In order to study the pollution and the damage situation of coal mine waste water to groundwater, surface water and soil, and study the coal mine waste water pollution assessment to the crops, after the comprehensive investigation and analysis to the groundwater and surface water in the study area, and heavy metal content and related item testing analysis to water and soil polluted by the coal mine wastewater and quality evaluation, it indicated that: the quality of unpolluted groundwater (spring water) was good, the quality of No.3, No.9 and No.17 groundwater and surface water which was directly polluted was bad. Besides Pb, Cr and Hg, Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni, As, PH, SO42- projects beyond the local background value of groundwater, the largest up to 89 times (Cd), with the quality rating of high levels of pollution. Polluted water by drinking water standard discriminate out mainly for Cd Ni element and pH value, up to 9.8 times (Cd), with the quality rating of the severe pollution; Polluted water by Farmland irrigation water standard discriminate out for Cd, up to 4.4times, with the quality rating of the severe harm; polluted water by soil environmental quality secondary standard discriminate out for Cd, up to 10.5 times, with the quality rating of the severe harm, which had severe pollution to crops.

  The Variation Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen in Paddy Field and Its Environmental Effect Under Different Fertilization Patterns 2013, 29 (32):  303-308.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3919 Abstract + ( 647 )   PDF ( 629154KB )   ( 511 ) In order to identify the variation characteristics of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in paddy field and its impact on the environment under different fertilization patterns, an investigation was carried out to study the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) as affected by long-term fertilizations of zero fertilizer, NPK fertilizer alone and NPK with straw incorporation in rice-wheat cropping system in paddy soil in Taihu Region. The results showed that the SOC and TN over the soil profile were characterized by a gradual decrease from the top to bottom, and the effect of straw-returning was mainly in the top 0-10 cm soil layer. Both the contents of SOC and TN increased in treatment of NPK fertilizer alone and NPK with straw incorporation, and decreased significantly in zero fertilizer treatment. The increasing of SOC and TN wasn’t significant in NPK fertilizer treatment, but SOC and TN increased significantly in treatment of NPK with straw, being 35.8% and 17.3% respectively during four years. SOC and TN had the same variation trend, which was a significant positive correlation (R2=0.78, P<0.01). The C/N ratio of soils was around 10.0 in Taihu Region, which declined in the past 20 years. Treatment of NPK with straw incorporation could increase the C/N ratio of soil and promote the soil carbon-nitrogen cycling. These results indicated that pattern of NPK with straw incorporation could improve the soil physical chemistry property to enhance the farmland productivity and be worth extrapolating.

  Soil Bulk Density and Porosity in Greenhouse Vegetables Field under the Optimized Fertilization Treatment 2013, 29 (32):  309-314.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3904 Abstract + ( 753 )   PDF ( 680373KB )   ( 585 ) Soil bulk density and porosity influence the bioavailability of soil nutrient and crop growth, and are closely related to the cultivation, fertilization, irrigation and other agricultural management measures. In order to research soil environmental quality and explore the optimal fertilization mode under Greenhouse field conditions, soil bulk density, porosity and soil respiration intensity were studied under the optimized fertilization conditions, with the soil of no chemical fertilizer and manure for control in Shouguang Greenhouse vegetables field planting tomato, and the results showed that, compared with the control, the optimized fertilization treatments improved the soil bulk density and porosity conditions in a certain extent. Such measures reduced the soil bulk density by 3.73% to 14.93% and increased the soil total porosity by 4.18% to 15.79%. In the meantime, the average capillary porosity and the non capillary porosity increased by 8.07% and 8.94%, respectively. Soil respiration intensity enhanced by 23.4% to 34.6% in the root zone and by 9.6% to 106.9% in the non root zone compared with the control. Among them, the treatment with 8 t/hm2 of manure and 4 t/hm2 of straw blending broadcast, and topdressing 150 kg/hm2 of nitrogen in the growth period got the most obvious effect and should be recommended to apply in the production practice. The results also showed that the average soil respiration intensity in root zone was 62.91 mg/kg?d with about 1.8 times of 34.45 mg/kg?d in the non-root zone. Soil respiration intensity was parabolic relationship to soil bulk density and soil total porosity. When the soil bulk density was about 1.25 g/cm3 and total porosity was about 53%, the soil would have higher respiration intensity.

  Effects of Farmland Desertification on Soil Properties and Crop Yields in Minqin Oasis 2013, 29 (32):  315-320.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0501 Abstract + ( 1472 )   PDF ( 891707KB )   ( 524 ) According to sand accumulation condition in ridge and furrow and wind erosion in cropland, five plots with different desertification degree (non-desertification, weak desertification, moderate desertification, serious desertification and extremely serious desertification) were carefully selected to study the effects of desertification on the soil properties and crop production in Minqin oasis, southeastern fringe of the Badanjilin desert. The results showed that, the desertification of the farmland lead to the soil coarsening, nutrient loss and hence the decreasing of the crop yields. Comparing with that without desertification, the content of clay, organic matter, soil water contend, total nutrient, rapidly available nutrient, electrical conductivity, pH value and crop yields decreased by 27.3%, 29.78%, 24%-39%, 1.9%-46.8%, 63.4%, 3.8%, 0.98-52.2 g, respectively, in the farmland with extremely serious desertification. And also, the soil surface temperature increased by 6℃. The study suggested that the effective sand control projects, such as the farmland shelter-belt, will benefit the farmland yields in the oasis.

  The Research of High Aquasorb Prepared by Discarded Straw 2013, 29 (32):  321-325.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3143 Abstract + ( 585 )   PDF ( 2425552KB )   ( 553 ) In order to research the character and the application of high aquasorb in soybean planting, make it has high water absorbency and pollution-free in drought soil to provide the water of soybean growth required, discarded straw as raw material, acrylic fabric and acrylamide as grafting monomer, ammonium persulfate as initiator, N,N’-methylene diacrylamide as crosslinber, muriate added, which mentioned above were used as the production of soybean aquasorb by microwave method. Soybean aquasorb had a great effect on the relief of agricultural drought and increasing the drought resistance of the soybean plant. Meanwhile, it could effectively decrease the influence of soybean yields caused by drought. According to orthogonal experiment, monomer, initiator, crosslinber, add content of muriate, the effect of reaction of neutralization degree on the water adsorption of aquasorb, the effect of the aquasorb soaker on soybean germination rate and degration rate of aquasorb in the soil were researched. The results indicated that: the aquasorb could increase by 15% to the germination in the initial period of soybean sprout. To the mature soybean plant, providing hygroscopic moisture to the soil, could effectively reduced the harm of drought. The soybean aquasorb could degrade gradually in the soil, which could phase down the environmental pollution by making full use of the soybean aquasorb.

  Study on Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Precipitation in Nearly 50 Years by Using Empirical Orthogonal Function in Shaanxi Fruit District 2013, 29 (32):  326-329.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3778 Abstract + ( 585 )   PDF ( 711156KB )   ( 668 ) In order to study the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation characteristics of Shaanxi fruit district, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of precipitation in nearly 50 years of Shaanxi fruit district was analyzed by using EOF (empirical orthogonal function) distribution and trend method, based on precipitation data of nearly 50 years from 1961 to 2010 at 29 weather stations in Shaanxi fruit district. The results showed that: the precipitation of Shaanxi fruit district presented a fluctuation decreasing trend, and the climate tendency rate was -18.5 mm/10 a; the space field was divided into the overall consistency and the south-north inverting type, and the generally consistent type was the main form of it. The space-time coefficient fluctuates strongly, which indicated that the precipitation of Shaanxi fruit district showed a large interannual concussion.

  Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Precipitation in Summer and Each Month in Shandong Province 2013, 29 (32):  330-336.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-2457 Abstract + ( 867 )   PDF ( 1508097KB )   ( 584 ) Drought and flood are the main weather disasters in Shandong. In order to research the characteristics of rainfall, especially during the season of summer, the author made statistics of the summer rainfall information from 1961-2010 among the 26 weather stations in Shandong. The annual diversification was measured with the main index of anomaly percentage of rainfall and analyzed with the way of spectral analysis. So the general trend of monthly rainfall in summer of Shandong was obtained through the data, as well as the periodical and the spatial characteristics. On the basis above, the years of drought and flood in summer were also measured and the annual diversification of summer rainfall was further analyzed with the method of spatial distribution of standard deviation. The results showed that: the summer and summer monthly rainfall in Shandong both had short cycle time of 2.1-3.3 years and long cycle time of about 10 years. It also showed decreasing trend of rainfall in July and the whole summer, especially in July; meanwhile increasing trend in June and August. The spatial distribution was uneven and had distinct geographical features. The dry years and wet years in summer were 7 and 5 respectively. Through this research, it was known that both the spatial and temporal distribution of summer and summer monthly rainfall in Shandong were extremely uneven, so it was very significant and necessary to learn about its characteristics.

  Comparative Analysis of three Heavy Snow in Shanxi Province Caused by Reflow and Inverted Rough 2013, 29 (32):  337-349.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0096 Abstract + ( 911 )   PDF ( 2543614KB )   ( 443 ) In order to accurately forecast heavy snow in Shanxi , provide more fine service for agriculture production, and meet disaster prevention and reduction and government decision, the author choose three heavy snow caused by reflow and inverted rough such as February 9th-10th, 25th-28th,2011, and March 14th-15th,2010, using various sounding data, comprehensively comparative analysis snow characteristic, circulation situation and its configuration, physical quantity characteristic, and their difference. The results showed that: (1) Due to the difference among circulation configuration, transfer characteristic of water vapor, and dynamical and thermal structure characteristic, there are much difference among snow intensity, area, and time of duration. (2) In the process of three heavy snow, there are three mesoscale structures such as mesoscale shear, mesoscale vortex, and mesoscale convergence which have great difference of snow characteristic. (3) There are three cloud types such as high-level trough cloud transit, cloud development after trough, and frontal cloud system. Change of TBB and increase of water content In the upper troposphere have Indicative significance for forecast of heavy snow. So, it is important way for fine forecast of this snow that fully understand these characteristics and their difference, and abstract key technical indicator of forecast.

  The Characteristics of Snow Cover in Shihezi for Past 58 Years 2013, 29 (32):  350-354.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0491 Abstract + ( 865 )   PDF ( 685290KB )   ( 530 ) Shihezi area is arid oasis, development of local irrigation and livestock depended on snow melt water largely. Therefore, the study of snow cover climate change had great significance of agricultural production and ecological environment in Shihezi. Using relevant information of annual snow cover days, annual maximum snowy depth and annual beginning and ending snow cover days during 1954-2011, the author analyzed climatic features of snow cover days, annual snow cover days, annual beginning and ending snow cover days, annual maximum snowy depth and its impact factors in Shihezi, applicated statistical methods of linear trend analysis, Morlet wavelet analysis and mathematical backward multiple linear regression. The results showed that: annual snow cover days and annual ending snow cover days showed a downward trend, the maximum snowy depth and annual beginning snow cover days showed an upward trend in Shihezi for past 58 years; annual average snow cover days was 109.4 d in Shihezi, the most average monthly snow cover days was in January; annual snow cover days existed quasi-15-year decadal cycle in Shihezi for past 58 years; the most relationship of the average monthly snow cover days was average monthly temperature and average monthly 0 cm ground temperature.

  Variation Characteristics of Sunshine Duration and Its Influencing Factors in Xiongyue from 1953-2010 2013, 29 (32):  355-360.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0994 Abstract + ( 681 )   PDF ( 788183KB )   ( 441 ) In order to understand the variation characteristics of climate in Xiongyue, and better services for agricultural production, based on the data of sunshine duration, total cloud amount, low cloud amount, surface vapour pressure and precipitation in Xiongyue Town in Liaoning Province from 1953 to 2010, the sunshine duration variation characteristics and the influencing factors were analyzed by using the linear trend estimation and the accumulative anomalies method. The results showed that: the sunshine duration in Xiongyue showed a significant decreasing tendency in recent 58 years with a decreasing rate of 53.5 h/10 a; the average sunshine duration of 1960s was 2899.0 h which was the most in decadal, while the least one was 2598.9 h which was found in 1990s. It was found that the seasonal sunshine duration showed a conspicuous decreasing trend in all the seasons and the trends decreased most in summer, less in spring and autumn, least in winter. The mutation occurred around 1971, with the annual sunshine duration decreased rapidly, the climate changed from the period of more sunshine to the period of less sunshine. There was a negative correlation between the sunshine duration in Xiongyue and the total cloud amount, low cloud amount (correlation coefficient was -0.52), the surface vapour pressure (correlation coefficient was -0.50) and the precipitation, but a positive correlation between the sunshine duration in Xiongyue and the wind speed (correlation coefficient was 0.37). All the given correlation coefficients passed 0.01 significant level test.

  Progress in Research of Impacts of Climate Change on Yield of Three Major Grain Crops 2013, 29 (32):  361-367.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3127 Abstract + ( 706 )   PDF ( 597863KB )   ( 934 ) More attentions had been given to the impacts of climate change on agroecological environment and crop yield in China. Through analyzing a series of research results in the past 10 years at home and abroad, this paper mainly demonstrates the influences and research methods of the impacts of climate change on the yield of three major food crops, and summarizing the differences among various research methods. At the same time, by analyzing changes on crop yield, this paper points out the existing problems and orientation of development. And it carries out the foundations of agriculture adapting to climate change and sustainable development.

  Construction and Application of Digital Platform for Tibet Agricultural Sci-Tech Information Resources 2013, 29 (32):  368-373.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0026 Abstract + ( 786 )   PDF ( 1997648KB )   ( 414 ) 【Objective】To explore the appropriate technical resolution of resources construction and utilization according to the Tibetan agricultural literature characteristics and information resources developmental protection requirements. 【Method】Researched and developed digital platform for Tibet agricultural sci-tech information resources , conducted digitization of Tibet books and periodical resources as well as construction of highland barley, yak and other specialty resource databases. 【Result】This paper put forward general technical framework of the platform which is consisted of information resources layer, technological layer, integrated services layer and user layer, combed the types, origins and content construction methods of available resources, designed and developed system function, conducted application deployment, collected and loaded data using platform function, and provided information service for the Tibetan user. 【Conclusion】Construction and application of this platform, will further develop and amplification benefit of agricultural sci-tech literature data resources, laying a solid foundation for the development of agricultural sci-tech innovation and agricultural production in Tibet.

  Research of Suitability Algorithm for Winter Wheat Based on Crop Model 2013, 29 (32):  374-378.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3140 Abstract + ( 911 )   PDF ( 571660KB )   ( 593 ) In order to analyze the effect of weather condition on crop growth quantitatively, crop growth model WOFOST is used to calculate the climate suitability of winter wheat. Simulate the crop growth during 2007-2009 growing season in 3 representative sites in North China, and take the result of 2007-2008 growing season as standard, then compare other corresponding period’s biomass and take the ratio as winter wheat’s climate suitability then compare the value with traditional statistical algorithm. Results showed that, the suitability calculated by the model had a better positive correlation with the actual yield, R2=0.603 and passed the 0.05 confidence level test, the algorithm could be used to evaluate winter wheat’s climate suitability.

  The Research of Agro-meteorological Service in Chongqing 2013, 29 (32):  379-383.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0873 Abstract + ( 760 )   PDF ( 649807KB )   ( 526 ) In order to narrow the distance between the modern meteorological operations and the modern agriculture development needs, provide high-quality meteorological services for improving the overall agricultural production capacity, the ability to resist risks, market competition effectively, the author used agro-meteorological service survey data of 38 districts in 2012, analyzed the situation and the demand of agro-meteorological services in Chongqing. The survey covered different regions, different strata of the rural areas of Chongqing, received total 2198 valid questionnaires. The survey results showed that, most of the survey could get meteorological disaster warning information, 83.3% of respondents acknowledged the accuracy of the information for existing agricultural meteorological services, the overall situation of Chongqing ‘three dimensional rural’ meteorological services was good; the main purpose of the rural areas concerned about the weather was prepared in advance for unexpected weather, defense and agricultural production arrangements; television and mobile phone text messages were the main ways to get the agro-meteorological information and weather warning information; most respondents hoped that the weather forecast had higher accurate rate, meteorological disaster forecasting was more timely warning, meteorological information could be obtained from more channels; large farming had the demand for more sophisticated and targeted meteorological services.

  Fang Yihe, Chao Hua, Wng Xiaotao, Shen Yumin, Gu Zhengqiang, Zhang Haina, Zhao Jianyun 2013, 29 (32):  384-388.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1004 Abstract + ( 921 )   PDF ( 1713458KB )   ( 620 ) In order to predict the date on which the temperatures above 5℃ stably as accurately as possible in the spring climatic prediction business, based on the daily mean temperature data of 53 observational stations in Liaoning during 1961-2010, and NCEP/NCAR monthly mean reanalysis data, and monthly mean SST data reconstructed by NOAA, the author sought the influential factors of the dates on which the temperatures above 5℃ stably in the spring in Liaoning Province by correlation analysis method and detailed general survey of physical factors. Meanwhile, the author established the prediction equation by multiple linear regression method. Results showed that: the date of the temperature above 5℃ stably in the spring in Liaoning Province appeared earlier and earlier during 1961 to 2010. The influential factors included February North Atlantic SST, January Northwest Pacific SST, February AO, January Indian Ocean SST, October Aleutian low strength and January NAO. The prediction equation had significant meaning.

  Study on the Development Trend of Leisure Agriculture in China 2013, 29 (32):  389-394.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3726 Abstract + ( 656 )   PDF ( 489472KB )   ( 508 ) This article is thoroughly investigated leisure agriculture in China, provincial research and site visits, based on a comprehensive analysis of the development process of China's leisure agriculture and future development trends of China put forward the development of leisure agriculture presents eight trends: creative brand planning, combination of elements intensive, technology integration, modeling, standardization of production and construction, resource utilization cycle, product quality ecological, human services, standardization, Union of industrial Management.

  Application of Sustainable Development in Planning and Designing of Ecological Farm 2013, 29 (32):  395-398.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3749 Abstract + ( 726 )   PDF ( 1351126KB )   ( 713 ) The existing problems about planning and designing of suburban ecological farm were analyzed. According to the sustainable development, the organic agricultural production, natural biodiversity protection should be insisted on and taken those as the guiding principles in the landscape construction of ecological farm. The renewable energy consumption, low carbon landscape building materials and ecological design should be used in order to realize the sustainable development of suburban ecological farm.

  Tourism Resources Evaluation and Development and Utilization of Shanghai Chongming Island Based on the AHP Method 2013, 29 (32):  399-403.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3469 Abstract + ( 625 )   PDF ( 518469KB )   ( 567 ) As the material foundation of the emergence and development of the tourism, the richness and the value of development and utilization of tourist resources directly affect the prosperity of the tourism industry. Based on AHP, this paper, through establishing tourism resources comprehensive evaluation system, and combining qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, and comprehensively valuing tourist resources of Shanghai Chongming island, pointed out that the resources are the most important consideration factors during the development and utilization of Chongming island’ tourism resources, provided decision-making opinions for the development and utilization of Chongming island tourist resources on the basis of the existing advantages (the richness of tourism resources and tourists, etc) and disadvantages (low development degree and imperfect development pattern).

  Research on Innovation System of Rural Tourism 2013, 29 (32):  404-408.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3754 Abstract + ( 621 )   PDF ( 482952KB )   ( 568 ) The author summarized Chinese rural tourism industry development situation and problems, and pointed out that the rural tourism industry lacked innovation, efficiency was low, the product quality was general and a series of problems. Contrast in Europe, America and rural tourism developed countries and regions, Chinese rural tourism was still backward, was still in the initial stage of development of the industry. Combined with the development of rural tourism innovation theory research, the author considered that the key to solve Chinese rural tourism development was to establish the rural tourism innovation system, and analyzed innovation content of the rural tourism industry development planning, development policy, the enterprise management. The author hoped to provide reference for the future rural tourism industry’s innovation and development. According to the Chinese rural tourism industry development present situation and the innovation theory of the research, this paper proposed for the first time the rural tourism innovation system construction, attempted to rural tourism industry development planning, development policy and business management three aspects of innovative research, and constantly carry on the further elaboration, hoped to provide reference for the future rural tourism industry’s innovation and development.