Abstract: In order to prove the necessity of benefit compensation in major grain producing area, this paper analyzed some gaps of grain production and economic development between the major and other areas, taking Henan Province and Guangdong Province as an example. The results showed that, the major area making important contribution for our country’s food safety existed huge gap in the per capita net income of farmers and the economic development with non-major area, which was bound to affect the enthusiasm of local government and peasants for developing grain and threat national food security. Therefore, it had significant importance for national long-term food security to make farmer in major grain producing area to engage the roughly average income with other production and made the major area to obtain its compensation with its contribution for county’s food safety at reasonable cost.