Abstract: In order to study the planting benefit factors in village field, arid area, the author took Three Village, Qitai County, Xinjiang as an example, to reveal the restricted factors of rural development in the area by analyzing the agricultural production efficiency. To obtain research data by using field surveys and door-to-door questionnaire survey and interviews, the author used regression analysis, analyzed the farming cost structure and the key cost, the impact of cost and land acreage for farming income and type of crop farming income. The results showed that: the cost of drilling wells and crops cost were the important factors affecting the total cost of production of farmers farming; farming production was capital intensive. Rent, crop costs and well drilling costs were the main factors to affect farming income; farming was extensive land resource-dependent; contracting land area expansion was the major way to affect farmers farming income; wheat growing was the main revenue source of farmers planting.