Abstract: Straw return is a kind of agricultural biomass circulation processing mode advocated by the government and the scientific community. But straw burning has becoming more and more serious in recent years. In order to provide better understanding of the influence of straw return on agricultural production, the author randomly visited some farmers of Shangqiu municipality which is the major grain-producing city of Henan province, collecting relevant information by questionnaire survey. The results showed that 92.5% of the respondents had taken straw return measures while only half were willing to take directly returning measure. Almost 70.8% thought straw application on agriculture could aggravate crop insects diseases and 52.5% needed to spray more insecticide to keep stable yield. For the moment, some respondents used straw biochar and 60% of them claimed that had the benefits of increasing yield, reducing crop insects diseases. The survey also showed that the crop scale or whether living by farming who said straw application couldn’t increase yield but needed to spray more insecticide are the main factors influencing the farmer’s willingness. Thus, it is really difficult for farmers to take straw back to the field directly and new ways to solve the straw problem is urgently needed.