Abstract: In order to reveal the response of the surface soil to farming models and clarify the impact of conservation tillage on soil physical and chemical quality, the influence of total of 6 agricultural measures including conventional tillage (T), no-tillage (NT), conventional tillage with straw incorporation (TS), no-tillage with straw mulching (NTS), conventional tillage with plastic-film mulch (TP) and no-tillage with plastic-film mulch (NTP) on the changes of top soil physical and chemical quality at 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-30 cm such as water, bulk density, porosity, aggregates and organic carbon was studied with spring wheat followed by field pea (W→P) in the western loess plateau. The results showed that the content of soil water under T measure, and all of the NT, TS, NTS measures presented increasing first and then decreasing at the range of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-30 cm, and both of TP, NTP measures were on oppose with T. The soil density increased with the soil depth increasing except the T measure with creasing first and then decreasing; the soil porosity increased with the soil depth decreasing except the T and TS measures with creasing first and then decreasing. All of the NT, NTS and NTP measures were advantages for the formation of bigger soil aggregates and the soil aggregates were enhanced with the soil depth increasing, and the TS, NTS and TP, NTP were good for the soil aggregates of top soil and 5-10 cm, respectively. The total contents of organic carbon of all of the six conservation tillage measures showed the same trends of decreasing with the soil depth increasing, the contents of that of NT, NTS and NTP were respectively higher than that of T, TS and TP, in addition, the total contents of organic carbon reached the highest value with 10.78 g/kg, 10.36 g/kg and 9.83 g/kg and increased 4.46%, 14.98% and 11.83% compared to the T measures at the depth of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-30 cm. All of which indicated that the conservation tillage could maintain the top soil water content, decrease the soil density, improve the soil porosity, enhance the soil aggregates and increase the use efficiency of organic carbon at some degree.