Abstract: The study analyzed the characteristic of temporal changes and the spatial variability of barley production. From 1996 to 2010, barley production was shifted from north China to northwest China and southwest China. Loess Plateau Area, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang region, southwest area were becoming more and more important in barely production of China. The position of middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River in barley production was strengthened. The status of north China in Chinese barely production was gradually weakened. The determinants of spatial changes of barley production were as follows. Whether there were the comparative advantages of growing barely. Whether there were crop advantages for barely. Whether feed processing enterprises use barley as materials etc. We suggested that make policies improving comparative advantage of barely production of farmers. We should pay close attention to the development of feed barley, and solve problems of every segment in barley industry chain, such as production, selling, feed processing, livestock farming, and consumption of livestock products.