Abstract: The aim was to study the effect of slow-release oxygen fertilizer on the anti-waterlogging mechanism of Macropanax rosthornii, and provide theoretical basis for agricultural and forestal production. In this paper, Macropanax rosthornii was chosen as experimental material, water was selected as the stress factor, Macropanax rosthorniis cultivated in three different lab conditions: A level was normal managed; B level was flooded; C level was flooded, as well as also treated with slow-release oxygen fertilizer. The relationship between slow-release oxygen fertilizer and waterlogging stress as well as the mechanisms for the protection of plants from the anoxic effects of waterlogging stress were systemically studied using the physiological and biochemical methods. The results were as follows: compared to control A, the change of physiological and biochemical index in B treatment: when the water logging reached the tenth day, the chlorophyll content and root activity of Macropanax rosthornii leaves decreased by 58.2% and 86%, the relative permeability of membrane and malondialdehyde (MDA) of Macropanax rosthornii leaves increased by 250% and 590%. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity plunged sharply, completely lost activity about 15 days. Compared to control A, the change of physiological and biochemical index in C treatment: when the water logging reached the tenth day, the chlorophyll content and root activity of Macropanax rosthornii leaves decreased by 10% and 25%, the relative permeability of membrane and MDA of Macropanax rosthornii leaves increased by 190% and 220%; SOD and POD activity rosed firstly then fell to CK level. To sum up, slow release-oxygen fertilizer significantly eased the decline of chlorophyll content and root vigor, restrained the MDA content, reduced plasma membrane relative permeability, improved the SOD, POD activity, reduced membrane lipid peroxidation and the damage caused by water stress, ensured the plant grow normally, which suggested apply slow-release oxygen fertilizer to improve Macropanax rosthornii in water flooded stress patience.