Current issue

• 2013 Vol.29 No.10 Published:05 April 2013

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  The Research Progress on Stress Resistance of Energy Plant Jatropha curcas L. 2013, 29 (10):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3383 Abstract + ( 875 )   PDF ( 589744KB )   ( 848 ) As the consumption of fossil fuels, looking for a form of ecological, sustainable and renewable energy source is nowadays a hot spot. Jatropha curcas L., a newly developed energy plant, has gained much attention for its high oil content in seed and can be used as biodiesel. Stresses not only have great restriction on the region distribution of J.curcas, but also have important influence to the formation of J.curcas output and quality. This paper mainly reviewed the physiological and biochemical mechanism of stress resistance from cold, drought, salt, high temperature and heavy metals. In the end, the author gave a summary on cloning of resistance-related functional genes and transgenic techniques, in order to promote the improvement of J.curcas molecular mechanism of resistance and the breeding of new varieties.

  Effects of Different Sterile Technique on Seeds Culture in Pistacia chinensis Bunge 2013, 29 (10):  7-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3923 Abstract + ( 927 )   PDF ( 534759KB )   ( 780 ) Pistacia chinensis Bunge is a superior species for biomass energy, however, its seeds contain endophyte, which is a serious problem for tissue culture. In order to solve the issue, different seed sterilization approaches, such as disinfectant types (NaClO, HgCl2, H2O2), disinfectant time and methods were studied. The results showed that: the treatment with 20% NaClO or 0.1% HgCl2 solution could effectively eliminate the endophyte, but these treatments had a negative effect on seed germination. The germination rate was up to 46%. The contamination inhibition rate was significantly decreased and the seed germination was improved when 10% H2O2 was used as disinfectant. Much better effects happened in the treatment with 20% NaClO solution followed by ultrasound for 10 min, which was efficient for eliminating the seed endophyte and also helpful for the seed germination. The germination rate reached 79%.

  Reference Genes Selection for Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR in L. chinense var. rubrum 2013, 29 (10):  11-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3872 Abstract + ( 1171 )   PDF ( 2206235KB )   ( 831 ) Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR（qRT-PCR) has been widely used in gene expression analysis to date, and selection of suitable reference genes for qRT-PCR according to specific experimental materials or conditions is very important for accurate normalization of target gene expression. However, the studies on reference genes have not been done in Loropetalurn, In this study, expression of four commonly used housekeeping genes such as α-tubulin , β-actin ，18S ribsomal RNA (18S rRNA) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were assessed by qRT-PCR in various tissues (buds, young stems, leaves, petals ,seeds and callus) . All the candidate reference genes could amplify specifically with high efficiency in qRT-PCR reaction. To determine the expression stability of these genes, the data were determined by two commonly used applets(geNorm and NormFinder), which produced highly comparable results depending on the experimental parameters. GeNorm and NormFinder algorithms revealed that β-actin and GAPDH were both in the highest stability, and GAPDH could be used as a reference gene for various organs and tissues and β-actin for leaves at different stages and callus among diverse treatments.

  Cloning and Sequence Analysis of a UFGT Gene Fragment from maple cultivar ‘Autumn Blaze’ 2013, 29 (10):  18-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3758 Abstract + ( 978 )   PDF ( 676479KB )   ( 889 ) UFGT（UDP glucose –flavonoid-3-o-glycosyltranferase）is the last key enzyme in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins. Total RNA was isolated from autumn leaves of Acer×freemanii ‘Autumn Blaze’. Using degenerate primer, a new cDNA fragment of 397 bp was amplified by RT-PCR. Sequence analysis demonstrated that the deduced amino acid sequence shared above 70% identity with Litchi chinensis, Citrus x paradisi, etc. These results suggested that the cDNA fragment cloned in this study was from UFGT gene of maple. The accession number in GenBank is KC140229.

  Artificial countries HuaiLin spring large soil animal community structure on the response of the human management mode 2013, 29 (10):  22-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3790 Abstract + ( 866 )   PDF ( 549754KB )   ( 530 ) Abstract: in 2011, 2012 respectively in late may, of shanxi agricultural university forestry ecological experimental station countries HuaiLin large soil animals were investigated, 2011 capture large soil animals only 58 group 675, 2012 capture large soil animals 37 group a total of 210 only; Few groups 21, community individual number reduces the only 465; In 2011, a total of 40 special groups, the individual number the number of total capture 39.43%, 2012 special group for 19, the individual number accounts for 39.73% of the total number of capture, two years of specific groups individual number to total catches percentage close. Spring HuaiLin countries large soil animal community structure in different human management way influence is bigger, autumn, winter tillage soil will greatly improve the countries for the second year in a HuaiLin spring large soil animal community structure, group number and individual number dropped substantially, the planting trophic group reduced; Autumn, winter tillage soil can be used as a small area plantation underground pest control the important means to be widely used.

  Soil Fertility and Soil Regionalization of Eucalyptus Plantation in Heyuan 2013, 29 (10):  28-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0494 Abstract + ( 936 )   PDF ( 613581KB )   ( 843 ) In order to better target formula fertilization, the author studied soil fertility and soil regionalization of Eucalyptus plantation in Heyuan. The results showed that: (1) overall, the soil was serious degradation, serious compaction and the ventilation permeable ability was very poor of Eucalyptus plantation in Heyuan. Organic matter, total potassium, total phosphorus, hydrolysis of nitrogen and quick result of potassium were the middle level, while total nitrogen and available phosphorus were in the lack of level. (2) Organic matter, total nitrogen and hydrolysis of nitrogen of granite soil were in the optimum level, while trace elements of shale and sandshale soil are in the optimum level. Soil nutrients of second generation of budding forest were better than planting by stock. (3) In the end, Eucalyptus plantation were divided into good soil fertility areas (numbers were 3,4,9,11,12,15,19,22), medium fertility areas (1,2,8,14,16,1718,20,21) and poor soil fertility areas (5,6,7,10,13), soil nutrient contents were 3.546%-4.415% 2.742%-3.228% and 1.795%-2.590%.

  Molecular Identification and Biological Characteristics of Endophytic fungi G3 2013, 29 (10):  35-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3305 Abstract + ( 931 )   PDF ( 677537KB )   ( 699 ) G3 is an endophytic fungi isolated from root of Juglans regia L... Sequences analysis of ribosomal DNA showed that G3 had the highest homologous with Ceratobasidium. Biological characteristics research showed that the optimum temperature was 25℃, darkness was beneficial to the growth and the optimum pH was 6～7. The optimum carbon and nitrogen source were soluble starch and peptone, respectively. G3 strains could utilize many kinds of carbon source, but preferred organic nitrogen source and acid condition.

  Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Change of Cold Hardiness of Different Branches of Walnut Under Low Temperature 2013, 29 (10):  40-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3217 Abstract + ( 790 )   PDF ( 530905KB )   ( 808 ) In order to speed up the cold-tolerance breeding of walnut in Shanxi Province, excavation of walnuts’ cold-tolerance resources, provide a theoretical basis for breeding of the walnut, With the ‘No.l Gift’, ‘No.2 Gift’, ‘No.l Zhonglin’, ‘No.5 Zhonglin’, ‘No.l Liaohe’, ‘No.3 Liaohe’, ‘No.l Jinlong 7’ varieties branches of low temperature stress as test materials, this experiment analyzed and compared the different annual temperature conditions of soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity and so part of the cold hardiness physiology and biochemistry. The results showed that: with the reducing of the processing temperature index of the content of soluble sugar and POD enzyme activity appeared ‘drop-rise-drop’ changes. Soluble protein, proline content, SOD enzyme activity was not the extent of change. The content of soluble sugar, proline in ‘No.l Gift’ and ‘No.2 Gift’ changed to a larger extent. Comprehensive analysis of various varieties of hardiness physiological and biochemical indexes, it was assumed that the cold hardiness order ‘Gift 2’ was the strongest strength gifts, ‘No.l Gift’ second and ‘No.3 Liaohe’ and ‘No.5 Liaohe’, ‘No.l Jinlong’, ‘No.l Zhonglin’, ‘No.l Liaohe’ were in turn decrease.

  The Effect of Polyamines and Rare-earth Elements on Differentiation of the Bottles of Seedlings of the Erica carnea 2013, 29 (10):  45-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4072 Abstract + ( 886 )   PDF ( 2961815KB )   ( 594 ) The induction and differentiation effects of various concentrations of ployamines, cerium nitrate and lanthanum nitrate on Erica carnea’s subculture test-tube seedlings were studied to provide theoretical basis and experimental basis of ployamines and rare-earth elements application in plant tissue culture. The method applied to plant tissue culture, regarded Erica carnea’s subculture test-tube seedlings as an explant, were discussed the effect of variable concentration of ployamines, Ce(NO3)3 and La(NO3)3 on the introduction of the subculture test-tube seedlings. The results showed that the average differentiation times, the average height of differentiation plantlet and embryogenic callus induction frequency of Erica carnea on basic medium (1/2 WPM+ZT 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.3 mg/L) supplemented with 1.0 mg/L spermdine were 3.89, 3.11 cm and 98.30% respectively, which were significantly better than other treatment demonstrated by analysis of variance and multiple comparisons results; basic medium with 1.0 mg/L cerium nitrate showed the average differentiation times 6.9, the average height of differentiation plantlet 4.0 cm, and embryogenic callus induction frequency 98.70%, which were significantly better than other treatment demonstrated by analysis of variance and multiple comparisons results. Meanwhile basic medium with 0.5 mg/L lanthanum nitrate gave the highest embryogenic callus induction frequency 100%, the average differentiation times 5.5, the average height of differentiation plantlet 3.89 cm, which were also significantly better than other treatment indicated by analysis of variance and multiple comparisons results. The low concentration of ployamines and rare-earth elements acted as a stimulus to the differentiation as well as growth of Erica carnea’s subculture test-tube seedlings, otherwise, the high concentration caused the inhibition of the differentiation and growth of Erica carnea’s subculture test-tube seedlings.

  Analysis on Intraspecific Competition of Artermisia ordosica Population in Arid Regions 2013, 29 (10):  51-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3952 Abstract + ( 832 )   PDF ( 698143KB )   ( 680 ) Artermisia ordosica has been highly regarded as a sand fixation plant in arid and semi-arid area of China. The research on the intraspecific competition of Artermisia ordosica population in different areas can provide a scientific basis for its conservation and restoration. The intraspecific competition of Artermisia ordosica population in arid regions was studied by using Hegyi's competition index model for individual tree, chose three typical distribution area for Artermisia ordosica, which are Shapotou Region in Ningxia Province, Mingshazui in Gulang County and Zhazigou in Minqin County in Gansu Province. The results demonstrated that, 6 meters was the optimal competition distance for intraspecific competition of Artermisia ordosica population in arid regions. The intraspecific competition in natural Artermisia ordosica population gradually became weakened with the crown width of the objective trees increasing. The competition intensity was relatively great when crown area of objective trees was less than 0.8 m2, and the competition intensity decreased rapidly with the crown area of objective trees was greater than 0.8 m2. The intraspecific competitive intensity was different in the different area. The intraspecific competitive intensity in different regions ranked in order of fixed dune in Mingshazui, the plot in Shapotou, semi-fixed dune in Mingshazui and the plot in Zhazigou. A power function was developed to describe the relationship between competition intensity and crown width of Artermisia ordosica.

  Environmental responses and simulation of net photosynthetic rate in :Dryopteris fragrans（L.）Schott 2013, 29 (10):  58-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3840 Abstract + ( 870 )   PDF ( 993827KB )   ( 675 ) In order to ascertain the respond of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of of the leaves of Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott to envioromental facters and their functions relation model,the Lci portable photosynthesis system was used to mensurate the Pn, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), temperature (Ta), vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and CO2 concentration (Cs) of D. fragrans grow in the wild .With the help of the modified model of rectangular hyperbola described by Zi-Piao Ye and the modified stomatal conductance model of Ball-Berry,a couple model is developed and used for describing the response of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) to environmental factors, PAR, Ta, VPD and Cs.It is reified that the model is of high accuracy.The study shows that the net photosynthetic rate throughout the growing season of D. fragrans can be better simulated by the model. Finally, using this coupled model, we studied the reponse pattern of Pn to environmental factors: (1) the response of Pn of D. fragrans to PAR was single-apex curves, with the peak 6.5μmol/(m2?s) (Pn) appearing at 1200μmol/(m2?s) (PAR); (2) the changes of the Pn in response to Ta also followed a single peak curve, with an optimal temperature around 25℃; (3) Pn was showed increased with the increase of Cs, however, it displayed a slowly growth rate when Cs exceeded 450μmol/mol; (4) when VPD was about 4.0kPa, the Pn increased to the top. In conclusion, the presented coupled model describing the reponse of Pn of Dryopteris fragrans to environmental factors provided an effective method for research on the process of photosynthetic physiological ecology of D. fragrans, which is the foundation of further exploration on the best environmental conditions of D. fragrans.The result shows that model can be used to integrate with the environment factors and this can provide the theory basis for the proucton practice of D. fragrans.

  Study on “Grafting Skill with Germination Branches” of Ulmus pumila ‘Zhonghua Jinye’ Under Low Temperature 2013, 29 (10):  65-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4047 Abstract + ( 791 )   PDF ( 595340KB )   ( 592 ) In order to make the Ulmus pumila cv.Jinye growing into commodity nursery stock in the same year and shorten the cycle of cultivation, the grafting skill with germination branches under low temperature was researched and developed on the basis of bud grafting. The writer adopted “grafting skill with germination branches” from different grafting time processing on the survival rate, seedling rate and seedling growth in through the contrast test. It selected the best grafting time. The results show that: graft survival rate of “grafting skill with germination branches” and “hot sticky skin” is not obvious difference, but the seedlings growth of “grafting skill with germination branches” can be achieved in the requirements. Combined with seedling growth, we sure April 15 to May 30 is the best grafting time for “grafting skill with germination branches”.

  The Effects of Slow-release Fertilizer on Growth and Quality of Prunus zippeliana 2013, 29 (10):  70-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3750 Abstract + ( 796 )   PDF ( 539161KB )   ( 619 ) In order to select the best rate of slow-release fertilizer for the growth of Prunus zippeliana container seedlings, the influences of different rates of APEX on morphological, biological and physiological effects of 2-year Prunus zippeliana container seedlings were studied by adding different rates of APEX into the matrix. The height was in the order of SRF4>SRF2>SRF3>SRF1. There was no significant difference between basal diameter and it was in the order of SRF2>SRF4>SRF3. The shoot part fresh weight was in the order of SRF2>SRF4>CK>SRF3. The root part fresh weights were not significantly different which were between 6.56 g and 10.46 g. Shoot part dry weight was in the order of SRF2>SRF4>SRF3>CK while root part dry weight was SRF2>SRF4>SRF1>SRF3. The soluble sugar content of SRF2 and SRF1 were increased by 48.7% and 13.9% when compared with CK. The content of total chlorophyll was the lowest in SRF4 treatment and was in the order of SRF2>CK>SRF1>SRF3. There were significances between root activity of the treatments. The highest was in SRF2 treatment and was increased by 73.9% compared with CK treatment. The soluble protein content was in the order of CK>SRF2>SRF1>SRF3>SRF4. Overall morphological, biological and physiological index, the suitable amount was SRF2 that was APEX 6.0 kg/m3.

  Study on the Spatial Structure of Different Plant Communities and Soil Fertility in Jinyun Mountain 2013, 29 (10):  74-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3856 Abstract + ( 1073 )   PDF ( 669641KB )   ( 855 ) In order to protect the plant community diversity in Jinyun Mountain, maintain the spatial structure of plant community, to explore distribution of vegetation spatial structure and the variation patterns of species diversity in shrubbery, mixed conifer and evergreen broad-leaved forests in Jinyun Mountain were discussed in comparing method. The relationships between community diversity indexes and soil fertility were analyzed. It was found that: different vegetation type space structure labeled obvious differentiation, and the dominant tree species of arbor, shrub and herbage layers had obvious comprehensive advantages; species diversity in tree layers and shrub layers of shrubbery and mixed coniferous than evergreen broad-leaved forests, but species diversity in herb layers of evergreen broad-leaved forests were highest. With the increase of soil depth, pH value increase, while the organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium also decreased; comprehensive the content of soil nutrient, the greatest was shrubs, evergreen broad-leaved forests followed, and mixed conifer was lowest. the relationships between species diversity and soil fertility were studied by using correlation analysis, the results was: the species diversity in tree layers, shrub layers and herb layers and soil fertility showed varying degrees of correlation.

  Effect of Underplanted Trees in Pinus massoniana Plantation on Growth and Soil Nutrients 2013, 29 (10):  82-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4058 Abstract + ( 780 )   PDF ( 605850KB )   ( 642 ) Abstract: Growth and soil nutrients characteristics of five underplanted trees in Pinus massoniana plantation, including Dalbergia hupeana、Illicium henryi、Quercus phillyraeoides、Ormosia hosiei and Phoebe chekiangensis, were studied in Kaihua, Zhejiang Province. The results showed that survival rate, height, diameter at breast height and crown width of D. hupeana and I. henryi were higher than the other three species. Compared to pure P. massoniana plantation, soil nutrients condition of the irregular forests were greatly improved, expecially soil available nutrients significantly increased in the irregular forests. Analysis of multi-factor principal component indicated that the order of soil nutrients condition for the five underplanted tree species was Q. phillyraeoides>I. henryi>O. hosiei>D. hupeana>P. chekiangensis. As a whole, I. henryi was the optimum tree species underplanted in P. massoniana plantation among the five species.

  Research on Insect Fauna in Qingshan Natural Reserve, Inner Mongolia 2013, 29 (10):  87-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3844 Abstract + ( 1098 )   PDF ( 523778KB )   ( 1262 ) In order to have a better understanding of the community situation of the insect in Qingshan Natural Reserve of Inner Mongolia and to master its developing process and tendency, field investigation had been done in the region. Information about the composition of insect population, fauna character, population diversity and distribution had been obtained through study in different sample plots and at different altitude. Based on the specimen had been identified, conclusions as follows had been made: there were totally 178 insect species in the site, among which 106 were palaearctic species (59.55%), 30 were cosmopolitan species (16.85%), 23 were palaearctic-oriental species (12.92%), 18 were oriental species (10.11%) and 1 was oriental-africa region 1 specie (0.56%). The palaearctic species held the absolute predominance in the natural reserve; meanwhile, complex insect fauna had formed with cosmopolitan, palaearctic-oriental, oriental and oriental-africa species.

  The Research Progress of the Influential Factors in Isolated Microspore Culture Embryogenesis of Brassica Vegetables 2013, 29 (10):  92-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3220 Abstract + ( 796 )   PDF ( 472932KB )   ( 647 ) Isolated microspore culture is also called pollen culture, which is a branch of the development of plant tissue culture dependent on totipotency of plant cell. Making use of this technology, we could obtain homozygote, shorten the period of conventional breeding, and provide vector or objective genes for other subjects such as genetic engineering and cellular engineering. This paper summarized the influential factors in isolated microspores of Brassica vegetables, such as genotype of thematerials, plants physical condition, developing phase of microspore, physiological status of donorplants, separation methods and pretreatment way, adding methods of hormones and activated corbon etc for lasted years. And the existing problems of the microspore culture in the research and expectations in the future development has been came up, combining with the practical situation.

  Advances in Research on Tissue Culture and Genetic Transformation of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) 2013, 29 (10):  97-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3723 Abstract + ( 862 )   PDF ( 533440KB )   ( 691 ) This paper briefly reviewed the advances in research on tissue culture and genetic transformation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at home and abroad. Various factors such as selection of explants，meristem culture，callus induction，shoot regeneration，root regeneration and transplanting were emphatically analyzed. It also summarizes two genetic transformation methods (Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and particle bombardment) in the application of transgenic bean. The in vitro regeneration and genetic transformation of common bean highly genotype dependent. So how to establish a protocol for in vitro regeneration of common bean that could be genotype independent will be the research emphases in future.

  Advance of Research on Mature Physiological and Preservation Technology of Kiwifruit 2013, 29 (10):  102-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3501 Abstract + ( 1213 )   PDF ( 598648KB )   ( 1054 ) This paper reviews the research on kiwifruit postharvest physiology and preservation technology in the latest years. The postharvest physiology contains the change of hardness, change of fruit flavor and color, change of inclusion, ethylene metabolism, enzyme activity and the preservation technology includes hormone preservation, physical preservation, chemical preservation. This study will contribute to the healthy development of the kiwifruit industry.

  Identification and optimization for high production of antimicrobial substance growth medium by an endophytic strain HN3 2013, 29 (10):  108-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3994 Abstract + ( 752 )   PDF ( 903900KB )   ( 679 ) Abstract: Through the dilution method, 13 antagonistic endophytic bacterium were isolated from the infected tabacoo laterals. Among these antagonistic bacteria HN3 was exhibited the highest antagonistic activity against Ralstonia solanacarum. HN3 has been identified to be Pseudomonas with BIOLOG automatic microbiology analysis system and 16S rDNA determination and analysis. For the high production of antimicrobial substance growth. the medium composition were optimized by single factor carbon﹑nitrogen﹑inorganic and orthogonal experiments L9(34). As a result, The optium medium were glucose 12g、carbamide 0.32g and potassium phosphate 3g. after the optimization, antagonistic activity of the strain HN3 enhances 35.7%.

  Study on Adaptability of Tobacco Varieties in Jingdong 2013, 29 (10):  114-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3829 Abstract + ( 1078 )   PDF ( 474808KB )   ( 566 ) In order to select the ideal flue-cured tobacco varieties for planting in Jingdong Yunnan. Four varieties of ‘Yunyan 85’, ‘Yunyan 87’, ‘Yunyan 97’, ‘KRK26’ and the one check of ‘K326’ were chosen to carry out variety comparison test. The results showed that: (1) the tobacco varieties of ‘KRK26’ had higher plant-height, longer pitch. wider and light green leaf, later budding, longer growth and developing period, relatively weaker abilities of anti-lodging and resistant to black shank, and thinner cured leaves. (2)The comprehensive economic characters of ‘Yunyan 87’ were the best, which had better yield, output value, average price, harvest index and the higher proportions of high grade leaves.

  A Comparative Study on Disinfection Methods in the Parent Corm of Amorphophallus Blume 2013, 29 (10):  119-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3355 Abstract + ( 870 )   PDF ( 1778688KB )   ( 615 ) Soft rot is a bacterial disease of widely existing and being very serious on Amorphophallus Blume. In order to control the spreading of pathogens on the parent corm, a new disinfected method by immersing with constant temperature had been development for the bacteria not resisting high temperature, and a comparative study among the new method, conventional agricultural methods by spraying streptomycin and spraying formaldehyde had been conducted. The results showed that the pathogens lost activity by immersed at 55℃ for 10 min, and the germination was not affected. After 28 days of the parent corm carried pathogen on surface was disinfected, the incidence was only 12% by immersing at 55℃ for 10 min, while it was as high as 46.7% and 56.0% by spraying 1% of formalin solution and 5×105 U/L of streptomycin, and the differences were significant at 5% level. However, the incidence by the two latter methods were less than 65.3% of CK, but no significant. After disinfected the infected corm, the control effect was 94.7% by the former, which was far higher than by the formaldehyde (63.2%) and streptomycin (59.2%). In addition, southern blight and konjac aphids were killed by high temperature. It may be concluded that the new disinfected method was efficient, safe and broad, and would greatly contribute to the konjac diseases controlled.

  Optimization of ISSR-PCR System of Garlic Based on Orthogonal Design Method 2013, 29 (10):  126-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3783 Abstract + ( 740 )   PDF ( 1115659KB )   ( 638 ) The main factors affected ISSR reaction were tested with Miduzipi garlic as test materials to optimize ISSR amplification system .In this research, the orthogonal design was used to optimize ISSR-PCR system on pepper in for 4 levels of 5 factors (Taq DNA polymerase, primer concentration Mg2+, dNTPs and DNA template) respectively. The results showed that: the orthogonal experiment design was a practicable method and in a total volume of 25 μL ISSR-PCR system, the optimum reaction system of ISSR-PCR was 10×PCR Buffer 2.5 μL, 2.5 mmol Mg2+, 1.5 U Taq DNA polymerase, 0.15 mmol dNTPs, 0.4 μmol primer and 20 ng template DNA. The ISSR amplifications for 20 cultivars of common garlic were then investigated through the above reaction system. The system was completely suitable to analyze the genetic information for different garlic cultivars and thus supplied the further genetic diversity of garlic with theoretic bases.

  Resources Collection and Leaf Color Diversity Analysis of Perilla frutescens (L.) in Guizhou Province 2013, 29 (10):  132-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3123 Abstract + ( 1185 )   PDF ( 793747KB )   ( 770 ) In order to investigate resources diversity of Perilla frutescens (L.) in Guizhou Province, and study on the difference and cause of leaf color trait of Perilla frutescens (L.). The 53 copes of regional cultivated and weedy type resources of Perilla frutescens (L.) in Guizhou Province were collected and cultivated, then leaf color in seedling stage of them were surveyed, and anthocyanin and chlorophyll content in their leaves were determined. The results showed that: there were various characters of leaf color in Guizhou regional Perilla resources, such as front green and back purple, total green and total red (purple) and so on. The higher content of anthocyanin and lower content of chlorophyll were determined in total red (purple) Perilla, and opposite results were determined in total green Perilla. The maximize differences of anthocyanin content between various materials could reach 60 times, the chlorophyll content differences only reach 3 times. However, there were two materials hold higher content of both anthocyanin and chlorophyll. The different anthocyanin and chlorophyll content led to that the larger diversity of leaf color characters in Guizhou regional Perilla resources. This work could lay a foundation of the research on resource diversity in Perilla frutescens (L.)

  The species and genetic diversity of Botrytis cinerea populations in Shandong province 2013, 29 (10):  137-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4049 Abstract + ( 934 )   PDF ( 1245205KB )   ( 945 ) Sixty-six isolates were obtained through the isolation method of single spore from the infected plant tissues of tomato from 11 counties in Shandong Province. Morphologic and 5.8S rDNA-internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis showed that the sixty-six isolates are all the Botrytis cinerea. In addition, all the ITS sequences of the sixty-six isolates were divided into two types through the sequence alignment, and only a single base differences between two types. Genetic diversity analysis of the 66 isolates was investigated by the inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR). As a result, twenty-four sites were generated in total, among which 58.33% were polymorphic. The result indicated there was low genetic diversity among the Botrytis cinerea populations. By UPGMA cluster analysis, the isolates were classified into four subgroups and the clustering had relationships in association with the species and geographical origin.

  The Study of Efficient Plant Regeneration of Solanum lycopersicum ‘Black’ 2013, 29 (10):  144-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3176 Abstract + ( 921 )   PDF ( 649113KB )   ( 608 ) Procedures for callus induction, shoot regeneration, multiplication of shoot and rooting from regenerated shoots of ‘Black’ tomato were optimized by the study of several factor. The highest callus induction frequency was obtained from leaf explants on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L benzylaminopurine (6-BA) with 0.1 mg/L α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The formed callus was transferred to regeneration medium supplemented with 6-BA and IBA and the best hormonal treatment to shoot regeneration was the medium with 1.5 mg/L 6-BA and 0.2 mg/L 3-indolebutyric (IBA). The medium containing 4.0 mg/L kinetin (KT) and 0.01 mg/L IBA was found to be the optimal hormonal treatment for multiplication. Also the medium with 0.05-0.08 mg/L NAA was found to be the best treatment for rooting, transplanting survival rate was 92%.

  Isolation, Identification of Capsici Antagonistic Actinomycete Strain of Colletotrichum capsici 2013, 29 (10):  150-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3562 Abstract + ( 795 )   PDF ( 1942108KB )   ( 750 ) An actinomycetes strain 18 was isolated from soil of Yunnan Province which can inhibit growth of Colletotrichum capsici. 10 strains were acquired, among which NO. 18 had strongest inhibition activities reached 68.2%. Analysis of 16S rDNA showed the strain was relatsed to Streptomyces flaveus which the similarity reached to 99.9%. Based on the strain was classified to Streptomyces their morphology and physiological and biochemical characteristics, the Streptomyces strain should be nomenclatured as Streptomyces flaveus. The 16s rDNA in GenBank registration number was JX293177.

  Studies on Change of Pigment Contents During Different Developmental Stages Among Several Flowering Kale Cultivars 2013, 29 (10):  154-161.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3604 Abstract + ( 916 )   PDF ( 1095460KB )   ( 659 ) To explore the mechanism of leaf color formation in flowering kale, the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin in inner (colored leaves) and outer leaves (non-colored leaves) of 12 cultivars were studied. The result indicated that the content of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid in outer leaves for all cultivars gradually decreased during developmental stages. The chlorophyll content in outer leaves decreaseed apparently at ornamental stage, especially for Nagoya red, which is only 65.7% of that of seedling stage. Total chlorophyll content in inner leaves decreased more quickly than that in outer leaves, especially for Nagoya white with 96.1% decrease at ornamental phase compared to seedling stage. The carotenoid content of inner leaves at bolting stage was higher than that of ornamental stage. The ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b and carotenoid to chlorophyll for inner leaves was higher than that of outer leaves. Pigment contents were also different among different cultivars. in the growing period, with a significant difference observed among all varieties with the exception of carotenoid content which was similar in all varieties in seedling period. The the highest content of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, and carotenoid in outer leaves was observed in Nagoya red at seedling and ornamental stage, and the lowest in Pink crane. Carotenoid content was dramatically different among different cultivars except for those at seedling stage. There was no anthocyanin detected in all cultivars at seedling stage. Anthocyanin was only detected in inner leaves of purple cultivars at ornamental and bolting stage. Anthocyanin content was ranked in a decreasing order as Flamingoes, Osaka red, Peach crane, Nagoya red, Koju No. 2, Kamome, Pink crane.

  Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of Anthocyanidin Synthase Gene Fragment in Lilium 2013, 29 (10):  162-166.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3849 Abstract + ( 828 )   PDF ( 575525KB )   ( 891 ) In order to obtain anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) gene from Lilium. degenerate primers were designed based on sequences blast of ANS genes from other species, and the fragment of ANS gene in Lilium was cloned by homology cloning method. The gene fragment was 701 bp encoding 233 amino acid proteins. Sequence alignment revealed that, the deduced amino acid sequence was 86%, 81% and 77% identical to Tulipa gesnerian, Iris hollandica and Prunus avium, respectively. The ANS expressed at different levels with the highest in petal, the second in leaf and stem. However, there’s no expression in bulb. ANS fragment was successfully cloned from Lilium through this research. This lays a solid foundation for cloning the full length cDNA sequence.there’s no expression in bulb.ANS fragment was successfully cloned from Lilium through tis research.This lays a solid foundation for cloning the full length cDNA sequence.

  Optimize the multiplication medium of Tripteryguium wilfordii Hook.f. through the quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design 2013, 29 (10):  167-172.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3390 Abstract + ( 844 )   PDF ( 1117357KB )   ( 630 ) Abstract: The aim of the study was to get the best condition of multiplication culture of Tripterygiium Wilfordii Hook.f., the multiplication medium of Tripterygiium Wilfordii Hook.f. was optimized with quadratic orthogonal combination design. The results showed that the quadratic orthogonal recursive model of multiplication rate(y) to three concentration factors of MS(x1), 6-BA(x2) and NAA(x3) is y=6.98483-0.25481x12-0.51998x22-0.37856x32-0.35x1x2-0.325x2x3. The results showed that the low concentration of MS, 6-BA and NAA promoted the rate of multiplication and the high concentration inhibited it; and that the rate of multiplication was more than 6.3 with the probability of 95% when the MS concentration was in range of 0.398 to 0.602 MS, 6-BA in 0.919 to 1.092 mg/L and NAA in 0.167 to 0.233 mg/L.

  GC-MS Analysis of Rhizosphere-soil Extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. 2013, 29 (10):  173-177.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3436 Abstract + ( 1078 )   PDF ( 649905KB )   ( 774 ) Abstract Objective: Rhizosphere soil extract was analyzed to get some primary information about Salvia miltiorrhiza root exudates. Method Ethyl acetate and Hexane was used to extract rhizosphere soil of S. miltiorrhiza, the extract was filtrated and concentrated, then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). Results: About 27,25 peaks were observed and identified from Ethyl acetate and Hexane extract respectively, which consist of hydrocarbon, alcohol, aldehyde, ester, organic acid, and so on. The peak areas were normalized to calculate the relative contents of each component. And among all these components, hydrocarbon and alcohol have the highest proportion in Ethyl acetate extracts; phenol, hydrocarbon and alcohol have the highest proportion in Hexane. This experiment result proves that allelopathic substances exist in root system. Conclusion Many organic compounds are contained in S. miltiorrhiza roots rhizospere soil, according to GC-MS analyzing result of soil extract, which are possible that that these substances are excreted by S. miltiorrhiza roots. Further research about the action mechanism of these substances is remained. Keywords: Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge; rhizosphere-soil; root exudates; GC-MS

  Study on Inducing Hairy Roots of Acanthopanax senticosus 2013, 29 (10):  178-181.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2010-0662 Abstract + ( 893 )   PDF ( 599322KB )   ( 683 ) To find the influential factors for inducement of Acanthopanax senticosus hairy roots, this test used the three Agrobacterium tumsfeciens R15834, R1601 and C58C1 as test bacterium, leaf, leafstalk and stem as explants, to study different concentration of bacterium, different time of co-cultivation and Acetosyringo (As) how to affect the root hairs transformation frequencies of Acanthopanax senticosus. The most appropriate OD600 of R15834 suspension was about 0.6. Young leaves as explant were more suitable experimental material. The most appropriate co-culture time was about 4 days. As concentration was 400 μmol/L, the induction rate was highest. This research has established the foundation on genetic improvement of Acanthopanax senticosus

  Effect of Different Soil Moisture Regimes at the Maturity Stage on Growth and Yield in Flue-cured Tobacco Lin Yechun 2013, 29 (10):  182-187.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3479 Abstract + ( 769 )   PDF ( 603152KB )   ( 848 ) Maturity stage is subcritical period of water demand in flue-cured tobacco. The study was to analysis responses of matter accumulation and tobacco yield to different soil moisture regimes at maturity stage in field. The results showed that: prolonged soil drought at maturity stage was not conducive to the growth of tobacco plant; however, there was no significant difference in tobacco plant growing for re-watering after drought; significant difference was not found in effects of soil moisture regimes on stem perimeter and root volume. Prolonged drought at maturity stage was not conducive to improving biomass of root, stem and leaf, and conducive to root growth by increasing re-watering frequency after soil drought in tobacco; prolonged soil drought significantly reduced dry matter accumulation of tobacco plant, otherwise, re-watering would improve dry matter accumulation, but biomass of tobacco plant was still less than the full irrigation treatment. For prolonged drought at maturity stage, yield of flue-cured tobacco was reduced by 9.70%; nonetheless, for twice re-watering after soil drought tobacco yield was only decreased by 1.80%, proportion of high grade tobacco increased by 2.88% compared with the control treatment (relative soil moisture content of 70% to 75%), while production value per the unit area only decreased by 1.09%. To some degree, soil water stress at maturity stage limited the growth of tobacco plant, even though re-watering after soil drought; still, tobacco yield and production value was reduced a little.

  Screening the Raspberry Varieties in High Altitude and Studying on Nutrition Composition of Raspberry 2013, 29 (10):  188-191.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4213 Abstract + ( 1148 )   PDF ( 451792KB )   ( 747 ) In order to select the suitable high altitude cultivated varieties of raspberry, the paper screened four raspberry varieties at high altitude and analyzed the nutrition composition of raspberry. The results showed that the soluble solid content, reducing sugar, total sugar and other nutrients of the same variety gradually increased with altitude from high to low. But the content of vitamin C decreased gradually. The higher the temperature, the higher the total sugar content it had. The content of soluble solids and reducing sugar of Chilcotin blackberry was highest, and the taste was best in the four species. It was suitable for planting in high altitude area. The Fall Gold fruit period was long and taste was moderate. But it was easily broken and not easily transported. It was suitable for processing and growing around in the environs of the city.

  The Effect of Formula Fertilization on 3 Kinds of Chemical Components of Chinese Wolfberry Fruit 2013, 29 (10):  192-195.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3329 Abstract + ( 730 )   PDF ( 528090KB )   ( 660 ) By using a full productive aged Lycium barbarum L. as the tested material, different amounts of N-P-K fertilizer were applied to study their effects on the chemical constituents, such as the contents of amino acid, betaine, and flavonoids. The results showed that: there were significant variations in different treatments. The contents of all 3 chemical constituents presented obvious rise and tended to be stable when the application of N-P-K fertilizer reached to a certain amount. The greater combination were N2P4K3, N3P3K3 and N3P4K2, while the combination which increased the effects of all 3 chemical constituents was N3P4K3. It could provide theoretical basis for the relationship between the contents of amino acid, betaine, and flavonoids and N-P-K fertilizer in Lycium.barbarum L. planting.

  Ganoderma lucidum Field Cultivation of Soil Fungi Identification 2013, 29 (10):  196-200.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3744 Abstract + ( 847 )   PDF ( 1010726KB )   ( 848 ) This article through to the Ganoderma lucidum field cultivation soil with coated plate method, extraction and separation of soil fungi were cultured in detection and identification of. The results showed that soil of Trichoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Mucor, Neurospora, Rhizopus, Chaetomium and Gymnoascus subumbrinus in eight species of fungi. According to the fungal growth speed, Ganoderma lucidum in different growth period appeared the species and the colony number, put forward suggestions of prevention of soil fungi cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum. This experiment was to obtain beneficial fungi resources, high yield, high quality and efficient cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum, provide effective help.

  Creating the Characteristic Tea Industrial Economy in Putian City by Taking It’s Advantages 2013, 29 (10):  207-211.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3934 Abstract + ( 1038 )   PDF ( 550119KB )   ( 1338 ) For the development of tea industry, Putian City in Fujian Province has some advantages in geographical resources, culture, tourism, marketing network, consumer groups, developing experience of industry. So there are some measures to create the characteristic tea industrial economy of Putian City. Such as producing high quality green tea by making use of the geographical advantages in resources and professional training, with the history of Putian’ tea and tourism platform to develop the tea industry’s brand culture, expand the tea market both at home and abroad by making use of the market potential, applying strategy of industrialization to promote the overall benefits of tea industry. The results will be good for the agriculture, the county and the farmers of Putian City.

  Discussion on the Construction of the Ancient Village Afforestation and Beautification: A Case Study of Qingtian 2013, 29 (10):  212-216.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4116 Abstract + ( 811 )   PDF ( 4568173KB )   ( 611 ) The ancient village is a precious historical and cultural heritage, its afforestation and beautification construct had become a new topic.This paper reviewed some of the recent studies on the protection and construction of ancient village; Take two villages-Chenzhai village,FuShan township and Longxian village,Fangshan township for example, analyzed the present situation,characteristics and existing problems of the afforestation and beautification;summarized the overall mentality of ancient village afforestation and beautification; Put forward the following afforestation and beautification method of ancien village: (1)Form "external, internal and external channel" layout structure; (2) Construction in accordance with the "point, line, surface" combined form; (3) adhere to the "protection first,construction second" principle, take the "inheritance - Development - innovation" road.

  The Interpretation of the Concept of the Beautiful China in the Resident Garden Design 2013, 29 (10):  217-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3846 Abstract + ( 789 )   PDF ( 439022KB )   ( 690 ) This paper briefly described the background of the concept of “Beauty China”, and that from the point of view of the garden industry pointing out that the reality of the relationship between garden design and residential areas, and proposing that “Beauty China” concept to meet the full arrival of a well-off society should be concerned about the 3 new demand which is advanced national character of the residents, friendly participatory and ecologically productive.