Current issue

• 2013 Vol.29 No.11 Published:15 April 2013

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  Effect of Feed Emulsifier on Growth Performance in Ross Broilers 2013, 29 (11):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3440 Abstract + ( 1111 )   PDF ( 597776KB )   ( 732 ) In order to study the influence of feed emulsifier on growth performance in Ross white feather broiler. 12000 ‘Ross 308’ white feather broilers, with an average weight of (46.5±1.0) g, were randomly allocated into 3 groups, and each group contained 4 replicates. It was divided into 3 stages in the breeding experiment: the stage of 0-14 d, 15-28 d stage and 29-42 d stage. The basal diet for group A was designed according to the Ross broilers nutrition requirements; based on the basal diet, 200 g/t emulsifier was added into diet B for group B; 5 kg of bran meal was used to replace, 5 kg/t mixed oil in diet C for group C, as well as supplemented with 200 g/t emulsifier. The results showed that: the addition of emulsifiers reduced broiler ADFI and improved broiler ADG; the broiler ADFI and ADG had no significant effect by reducing oil and adding emulsifier. Overall, adding emulsifiers, oil 5 kg/t reduction had maintained the ADG and fed to gain ratio of broiler to normal level.

  Effect of Pregnancy and Amputation of Tail on Thermoregulatory in the Female of Heilongjiang Grass Lizard Takydromus amurensis (Lacertidae) 2013, 29 (11):  6-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4137 Abstract + ( 899 )   PDF ( 692700KB )   ( 574 ) In order to analysis and compare the effect of pregnancy and amputation of tail on temperature choice in the female of Takydromus amurensis, this study was conducted in the June and August of 2012. Two populations of Takydromus amurensis respectively from Shangzhi (Heilongjiang Province) and Kuandian (Liaoning Province) were studied with the method of field capturing and laboratory feeding. Our results showed that Heilongjiang population of T. amurensis could make their own body temperature increase through the heat source thermostat, when the temperature of the external environment was lower (20℃). The mean temperature of the female was (32.49±0.705)℃ in the non-gestation period. However, in the pregnancy period, the mean temperature of the female was (33.90±0.674)℃, so the body temperature was significantly higher after the pregnancy (F1,61=65.600，P＜0.001). No matter the pregnancy period or the non-gestation period, the mean temperature of the female T. amurensis from Shangzhi (33.39±0.909)℃ was significantly higher than the female from Kuandian (32.91±1.021)℃. It showed that the ability of thermoregulatory was stronger in the area of the higher latitude. The mean temperature of the female from Kuandian was (31.94±0.590)℃, and it was (31.60±1.268)℃ from Shangzhi after amputation of tail. The difference was no significant between the two populations (F1,18=0.591, P=0.452), but the mean temperature was obviously lower than the individual have the complete tail (F1,18=9.854, P<0.05). The results showed that tail have the influence on thermoregulatory.

  Environmental Assessment of Deep Litter System on Pig Housing in Winter 2013, 29 (11):  11-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2918 Abstract + ( 863 )   PDF ( 615736KB )   ( 702 ) In order to investigate the environmental condition of deep litter system of pig housing in winter, the paper was conducted to determine the environmental indicators. The study have determined the temperature, humidity, light, airflow velocity , ammonia content and carbon dioxide content every three days in the pig housing and each measurement was in the morning , afternoon and evening. The results showed that the temperature in it could reached 17.36℃, the humidity was relatively higher, but the environment could basically meet the growth requirements of the pigs. The temperature of the pig litter in deep litter system was 26.14℃ at 10 cm, and the temperature was 26.35℃ at 20 cm. Ammonia concentration of the pig housing was 10.71 mg/m3, and the concentration of carbon dioxide was 0.13%. The contents of ammonia and carbon dioxide were both in the range of hygiene, which would play no adverse role in pig production performance. Under the conditions of this experiment, the feeding pattern could raise the temperature inside the pig housing, improve the environment significantly and resolve the problem of manure pollution effectively.

  SYBR Green Ⅰ Real-time PCR for Detection of Duck-derived Components 2013, 29 (11):  16-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2953 Abstract + ( 842 )   PDF ( 752273KB )   ( 860 ) To establish a method which was use to detect the duck-derived components, one pair of primer was chosen to detect the duck in beef, fluorescent SYBR GreenⅠ Real-time PCR was developed for detection of the duck. The results showed that, duck gene DNA fragment could be detected and specially analyzed by melting curves, the detection limit was 1 pg DNA. Duck could be detected by the method from cooked duck and beef mixture. SYBR Green Ⅰ Real-time PCR was the effective methods for detecting duck.

  Progress of Study on the Inhibition of Glucocorticoid Receptor on the Toll-like Receptor Signaling Network 2013, 29 (11):  20-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3464 Abstract + ( 868 )   PDF ( 503732KB )   ( 1024 ) Glucocorticoid (GC) activates or inhibits the transcription of target genes mainly through the specific receptor-glucocorticoid receptor (GR) which involved in protein-protein interaction (PPI) and protein-DNA interaction (PDI) network. Meanwhile, the intervention of GC on Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling network largely depends on enhancing natural inhibitors of TLR pathways, the direct inhibition of the TLR-activated transcription factors and the required cofactors of cross-utilization of GR and TLR signaling pathways. In this article, the transcriptional regulation of GR, TLRs signaling networks and crosstalk of GR and TLRs signaling network were summarized based on the latest advances, and the GR-mediated mechanisms of down-regulation of TLR signaling pathways was reviewed in order to provide more valuable references on revealing the molecular mechanisms of the regulation of GC on mammalian cells and clinical application.

  Protective Effects of Qishen Oral Solution on Immunosuppressed Mice 2013, 29 (11):  24-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3977 Abstract + ( 866 )   PDF ( 586691KB )   ( 727 ) In order to explore the protective effects of Qishen oral solution on immunosuppressed mice, Qishen oral solution was ingested to mice whose immunity function was depressed by cyclophosphamide. Thymus index, spleen index, the serum level of hemolysin, the serum content of IL-2 and phagocytic index of reticuloendothelial cell were measured. The results showed that Qishen oral solution could significantly increased thymus index, spleen index, the serum level of hemolysin, and phagocytic index of reticuloendothelial cell in immunosuppressed mice (P<0.01). In conclusion, Qishen oral solution possessed the protective effects on immunosuppressed mice.

  Analysis on the Expression Regulation of miR-26a and miR-30d in the Different Tissues of Cattle 2013, 29 (11):  29-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3526 Abstract + ( 936 )   PDF ( 770916KB )   ( 717 ) Abstract：[Objective] The current research aimed to study the relative expression levels of miR-26a and miR-30d in the different tissues, and applying bioinformatic methods to analyze the possible role in cattles.[Method] Total RNA was extractd by TRIzol in the different tissues of Simmental cattle. The relative expression levels of miR-26a and miR-30d were performed by RT-qPCR with specific stem-loop primers based on the mature sequence of bta-miR-26a and bta-miR-30d. The target gene of bta-miR-26a and bta-miR-30d were predicted by TargetScan、RNA22、miRDB.[Conclusion] miRNA-26a and miR-30d all have certain expression level in all kinds of detected tissues, of which miR-26a has the highest expression level in the heart, followed in the spleen, and lowest level in the testis; miR-30d has the highest expression level in the kidney, followed in the heart, and lowest level in the testis. Bioinformatics show that miR-26a and miR-30d may be involved in the regulation of the immune, reproductive activities and so on.

  Identification of a Novel Genotype in Porcine Circovirus Type II 2013, 29 (11):  34-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2950 Abstract + ( 950 )   PDF ( 932399KB )   ( 743 ) The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic variation and genotype information of a newly emerging porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) strain. The complete genome sequence of one PCV2 strain was amplified and cloned from tissues of pig suffered newly with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome by PCR assay. Then, the genetic variation of several PCV2 strains was analyzed. The results showed that, the complete genome of this cloned PCV2 strain was 1767 base pair in size, and shared more than 94.0% nucleotide identity with several other PCV2 strains. Moreover, there were some correlation of geography and time among the selected PCV2 strains. The phylogenetic analysis results of the ORF2 genes of these PCV2 strains revealed that the genetic distance between the cloned PCV2 strain and the existed PCV2 genotypes was all more than 0.035, so it was assorted into a novel genotype named PCV2d temporarily, which was a newly emerging PCV2 genotype in China. The research results indicated that one strain of new genotype PCV2 was cloned and identified.

  Research Advances in Ecological Safety of Transgenic Fish 2013, 29 (11):  39-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2315 Abstract + ( 855 )   PDF ( 478642KB )   ( 807 ) The assessment of ecological safety was very important in the commercialize progress of transgenic fish. This paper described the concept of ecological safety, and took several species of transgenic fish as example to discuss the possible effects of transgenic fish on ecological safety from two aspects: the possible effects of transgenic fish on the biological diversity in contained facilities and the fitness changes in genetically engineered fish. Meanwhile, containment measures to prevent transgenic fish from escaping ware also reviewed in this paper.

  Optimization of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Meretrix Meretrix Linnaeus Protein and Analysis of the Antioxidant Activity of the Hydrolysates in vitro 2013, 29 (11):  44-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4146 Abstract + ( 947 )   PDF ( 1530512KB )   ( 812 ) In order to get antioxidative peptides, two commercial enzymes, flavorase and papain were used to hydrolyse Meretrix Meretrix Linnaeus. protein. Based on the results of single factor experiments, liquid-solid ratio, hydrolysis temperature and pH were chosed as influence factors. Box-Benhnken Design Center combination method of three factors and three levels experimental design was applied to further optimize hydrolysis conditions and the degree of hydrolysis (DH) was assayed by Response Surface Methodology. The results showed that: the optimum conditions were 4 h reaction time, enzyme dosage was 3.0% (the ratio of flavorase and papain proteases was 2:1), liquid-solid ratio of 3.25:1, temperature of 51℃，and pH 6.9. Under the optimized conditions, the degree of hydrolysis was 36.11%. The hydrolysates showed obvious in vitro antioxidant activity. The values of IC50 of DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical were 2.61 mg/mL and 3.47 mg/mL, respectively. Thus, the optimized conditions could be used for antioxidative peptides preparation.

  Seawater Quality and Bioconcentration of Cu and Zn in Argopectens irradias Culture Area 2013, 29 (11):  50-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3548 Abstract + ( 901 )   PDF ( 691819KB )   ( 886 ) Seawater quality can affect sea fishing and seafood quality, and thus has received more and more concerns. In order to know the seawater quality in Argopectens irradias fishing area and the influence of seawater on the quality of Argopectens irradias, the quality of surface seawater samples collected from an Argopectens irradias fishing area and un-fishing area in Laizhou Bay at different times was assessed, involved pH and nutrients, chemical oxygen demand (COD), Cu and Zn concentrations. Results showed that, in study area, the inorganic N concentration was high relatively, and approximately reached 0.30 mg/L. Nitrate-N was the main component of inorganic N of seawater in October, which was significantly higher than that in June in which the main inorganic N was ammonia-N (P<0.01). In different sampling sites, the inorganic P concentrations at different times were all less than 0.02 mg/L, and changed insignificantly. COD, Cu and Zn concentrations were all less than the value of the second grade seawater standard, and were significantly higher in October than that in June (P<0.05). The significant positive correlation among COD, Cu and Zn indicated that they probably came from the same polluted source (P<0.01). Argopectens irradias had high bioconcentration capability of Cu and Zn, and the capability of Zn was greater than that of Cu. Although the concentrations of Cu and Zn were both less than the associated standard values, the accumulation extents of Cu and Zn were 1.06 and 0.821, respectively. Therefore, heavy metals accumulation in Argopectens irradias should be aroused more concerns in future.

  Purification and Optimization of Prokaryotic Expression of Translocation Protein TolB Gene from Vibrio alginolyticus Strain HY9901 2013, 29 (11):  55-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3302 Abstract + ( 1146 )   PDF ( 800043KB )   ( 687 ) To investigate the possibility of TolB from Vibrio alginolyticus HY9901 as a candidate antigen for vaccine production, the tolB gene was amplified by using a pair of primer according to the published tolB gene sequence (JQ846501), and then followed by digestion, connection; the prokaryotic expression vector pET-TolB of tolB gene was constructed. Then the IPTG concentration, induction time, temperature, elution concentration of the pET-TolB was optimized to obtain a relatively large amount of the target protein. The result showed that, the TolB protein was successfully expressed after being inducted with IPTG and SDS-PAGE, Western-blot analysis. The molecular weight of TolB protein was in line with expectation, and the expressed protein existed in the form of inclusion body. The optimization condition of inducible expression for TolB protein in Escherichia coli was optimized at 37℃ for 4 hours, with 0.2 mmol/L IPTG. The best elution concentration of imidazole was 400 mmol/L. These results laid a foundation for further studies on the protein immunogenecity and vaccine preparation.

  A Study on Industrial Cluster Development of Flue-cured Tobacco in Henan Province Based on Diamond Model 2013, 29 (11):  60-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3236 Abstract + ( 939 )   PDF ( 572010KB )   ( 796 ) Development of industrial clusters has become a significant economic phenomenon in the economic development worldwide. The industrial cluster development of flue-cured tobacco is not only a developmental direction of modern tobacco industry, but also an important way to competitiveness promotion of flue-cured tobacco industry. This paper analyzed advantages and disadvantages of flue-cured tobacco industry cluster in Henan province using the “diamond model” from production factors, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, corporate strategy, structure and interbank competition, and opportunity and government; meanwhile, several constructive suggestions were proposed, i.e. increasing tobacco leaf production infrastructure construction, enhancing tobacco leaf production organization levels, and accelerating implementation of tobacco technological innovation projects, implementing the leading tobacco manufacturing industry-driven strategies, and improving the policy support system of tobacco leaf production. These recommendations will help to promote flue-cured tobacco industrial cluster development in Henan Province and to enhance the competitiveness of the whole industrial cluster.

  A Review on the Modern Agricultural Development of the Grain Production-core Area in China 2013, 29 (11):  65-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2406 Abstract + ( 881 )   PDF ( 446338KB )   ( 725 ) The grain production-core area is the important area of the modern agricultural development in china, by inducing the reviews on numerous theories of the grain production-core area、the modern agricultural development at home and abroad , Summarizing the features of the modern agricultural development of the grain production-core area, a lots of research points are found about the modern agricultural development of the grain production-core area , Basis on analyzing on the concept 、model and evaluation of the grain production-core area and the modern agricultural development in china, it is worth to analyze on using which one model of the modern agricultural development of the grain production-core area and how to evaluate, which can provide the guide for the balanced the modern agricultural development of the different grain production-core area in China.

  A Study of Dynamic Mechanism Construction of Regional Agricultural Colleges and Universities——from the Perspective of Industry-University-Institution Cooperation 2013, 29 (11):  70-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2501 Abstract + ( 863 )   PDF ( 443945KB )   ( 689 ) Industry-University-Institution cooperation which was based on technology innovation was an abutting-joint and linkage of upstream, midstream, downstream. Regional agricultural colleges and universities, as an important part of higher education system, were fresh troops who commit to regional economic and social development. Dynamic factors of Industry-University-Institution cooperation in regional agricultural colleges and universities mainly involved internal impetus of economic interest, social interest and external impetus of market demand and government supports. To construct dynamic mechanism of Industry-University-Institution cooperation in regional agricultural colleges and universities, to promote efficient allocation of production factors and labors factors and facilitate high efficiency of scientific achievements’ transformation were effective ways and inevitable choices of promoting regional Industry-University-Institution cooperation level and speeding up the construction of regional originality system.

  Problems and Suggestions of Rural Construction Land Reclamation Implementation of Chongqing City 2013, 29 (11):  74-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3394 Abstract + ( 881 )   PDF ( 438712KB )   ( 1005 ) Because of the implementation of rural construction land reclamation is not a long time, and experience is not much, there are still many problems in the executing process of rural construction land reclamation of China, blocked the rural construction land reclamation process. In order to put the rural construction land reclamation implementation of Chongqing into effect smoothly, the paper analyses the problems of rural construction land reclamation implementation of Chongqing City, which based on the analysis of current situation of the implementation of rural construction land reclamation, in the method of literatures summarizing and examples analysis, illustrating with an example of Chongqing. According to the existing problems, some advices and suggestions have been put forward in order to put the rural construction land reclamation implementation of Chongqing into effect smoothly. Some specific suggestions are as follow: enhancing the management of designing; strengthening the coordination between the various authorities; raising awareness of town government; strengthening the management on construction; standardizing supervision units.

  Research on Administration and Gradation of Rural Collective Construction Land——Taking Tiefeng District as An Example 2013, 29 (11):  78-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2335 Abstract + ( 844 )   PDF ( 633463KB )   ( 956 ) The purpose of this paper was to analyze the method of rural collective construction land gradation and provide innovation for administration of rural collective construction land transformation. This paper is based on the questionnaire surveyed in Tiefeng District and explores the method of rural collective construction land gradation according to multiple stepwise regression method. It reveals that: (1) It is helpful for gradation of rural collective construction land that the index system consist of rural community economy, rural infrastructure and population, which reflected the resources feature of rural collective construction land. (2) The correlation coefficients of distance from the town center and road type were 0.834 and 0.633, which have the most influence. (3) Collective construction land of administrative villages was separated in space. So it is rational that administrative villages conduct grading units. In the end, the paper tried to put forward some countermeasures on the basis of the above research.

  Research on Rural Residential Consolidation Potential Calculation 2013, 29 (11):  83-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2587 Abstract + ( 948 )   PDF ( 988110KB )   ( 594 ) The conduction of rural residential consolidation in a scientific and rational way was particularly important for the realistic potential calculation of land consolidation in rural residential. Ten towns in Chibi City were taken as objects in this paper, and natural and socio-economic correction index system were built based on engineering and technical factors, which concentrated on the factor correction on the theoretical potential of the standards method of construction land per capita. The realistic consolidation potential, which was much closer to engineering standards, was obtained. The results showed that: the total rural residential realistic consolidation potential of the 10 towns in Chibi was 283.03 hectares, and the comprehensive potential coefficient was 0.061. There was huge difference between the theoretical potential and realistic potential. The study showed that the consideration of engineering and technical factors into account in rural residential consolidation and the correction of the theoretical potential with natural and socio- economic restrictions were important references in calculating the potential of land consolidation in rural residential.

  Features and Influenced Factors on the Durables Consumption of Beijing Rural Residents 2013, 29 (11):  90-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2812 Abstract + ( 970 )   PDF ( 467715KB )   ( 755 ) In recent years, the government has launched the policy called home appliances coming into rural family, in order to improve the durable goods purchase of rural residents. Targeting on Beijing rural residents, the article has studied the current situation and basic trends of the durables consumption. The survey showed that the consumption of durable goods has increased steadily in recent years. There is gap of durables consumption between urban and rural residents, but the gap has been reduced. We have discussed the factors which influence durables consumption, including income level of rural residents, consumption environment, and consumer attitudes. Finally, some suggestions have been recommended, such as increasing farmer’s income, improving consumption environment and etc.

  A Study on Constructing the Long-acting Mechanism of Expanding Rural Residents’ Consumption 2013, 29 (11):  95-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3590 Abstract + ( 726 )   PDF ( 559436KB )   ( 606 ) This paper build a system analysis framework., we consider that the low farmer consumption on the common constraints from the imbalance institutional environment, rural economic structure and urban-rural duals structure. Then this paper analyzes the mechanism on Constructing the long-acting mechanism of expanding rural residents' consumption.Finally, we give the path as follows: Deepening coordinate urban and rural development to public service and income redistribution system reform; Build a farmer to consume demand the long-acting mechanism of coordinated development of a number of policy of macroscopical system environment;The innovation of rural circulation system supply mode;The innovation of rural land system to actively and steadily promote urbanization ;Energetically develop agricultural services; The innovation of rural financial system, accelerate rural consumption infrastructure normative market order as path choice of constructing the long-acting mechanism of expanding rural residents' consumption

  Study on the Employment Feature Model of Migrant Workers Based on the Hierarchical Structure 2013, 29 (11):  101-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3391 Abstract + ( 766 )   PDF ( 622859KB )   ( 761 ) To provide employment recommendation information for migrant workers more specific and promote the transfer of rural surplus labor, we integrate the decision tree model and vector space model into hierarchical structure representation method, analyze the characteristics of personalized employment recommendation service for migrant workers, combine the basic characteristics of the migrant workers with their concrete operation for job wanted on the network, then establish an employment characteristics model for migrant workers. The results showed that, the model can represent the employment characteristics of the migrant workers more effectively than existing models, so as to improve the recommendation accuracy for the employment of the migrant workers.

  The Fixed Position Thought of Sorghum Engineering Technology Research in China 2013, 29 (11):  107-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3170 Abstract + ( 804 )   PDF ( 479295KB )   ( 682 ) In order to solve the problems of the whole sorghum chain in China, by analyzing the role of sorghum industry to the national economy and social development, and dissect the problem of the sorghum industry engineering research. Further, explored the study measures, targeted propose seven countermeasures: sorghum germplasm collection, preservation; sorghum breeding germplasm resources innovation; dedicated new varieties of sorghum breeding. The high yield, quality, efficient cultivation techniques were integrated innovation. The comprehensive insect pest prevention and control technology research, improve the technology extension service system. The sorghum deep processing and utilization of technology research are aimed to promote the rapid, sustained and healthy development of the sorghum industry in China.

  Study on the Nutrient Released Period with the Soil Moisture on Released of Nutrient from Coated Urea 2013, 29 (11):  111-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1292 Abstract + ( 1040 )   PDF ( 549471KB )   ( 733 ) In order to study on the nutrient released period with the soil moisture on released of nutrient from coated urea, this text studied coated material as the Idesia polycarpa var. vestita oil of the nature resources (to distillation from the fruit of tree) and preparation the coated-released-fertilizer, using the greenhouse experiment method, study on the imitation of dynamics process with the soil moisture and the nutrient released period on released of nutrient from coated urea and the temperature was kept at 25℃ in the pot. The results showed that, there were obvious effect of soil temperature and different soil moisture on the rate of nutrient released from coated urea with Idesia polycarpa var. vestita oil as coating material; the rate of nutrient released increase with increased of temperature and the rate of nutrient released increased with increased of rate of soil moisture and the accumulated nutrient released increased with increased of rate of soil moisture. There was obvious relation of line type with nutrient released period (d) and rate of soil moisture (w): d=287.8-3.53w, r=0.99.

  Based on the Shared Services Model of the Agricultural Resources Management WebGIS System 2013, 29 (11):  115-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3852 Abstract + ( 839 )   PDF ( 2593547KB )   ( 691 ) According to the deficiency of the existing agricultural resources management information system in the resource sharing and visualization, this article introduces a method of building agricultural resource management system base on agricultural resource sharing model and WebGIS technology. The practice showed that, the use of shared services model to construct the agricultural resources management WebGIS system could not only meet their system of business needs, but also for other application systems provide sharing service. This method could solve the present agricultural resource information system resource could not be shared, repeat construction, interoperability problems. At the same time, not only spatial and temporal distribution of agricultural resources, but also dynamic analysis of regional agricultural resources could be expressed intuitively. It provides a fast, intuitive and effective means for agricultural resources management, planning and decision-making.

  The Current Situation and Problems of the Large-scale Biogas Plants for Straw in China 2013, 29 (11):  121-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4005 Abstract + ( 908 )   PDF ( 538224KB )   ( 1214 ) China is one of the most abundant countries of straw resource in the world. It is a clean and efficient straw energy utilization pathway for using straw to biogas production. In order to discuss the situation of utilization of large-scale biogas plants for straw, the author combined the field research of her own with other researchers’ work, briefly introduced the characteristics and pretreatment methods of feedstock, the type and characteristics of the fermentation process, the utilization of biogas. Meanwhile, contrasted of the current European advanced biogas production, the author analyzed the main existing problems about biogas plants, such as collection and pretreatment of feedstock and operation of the plant, and put forward corresponding suggestions.

  Soil Respiration Characteristics and Its Influencing Factors in Datong Phragmites australis Ecological Wetland 2013, 29 (11):  126-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2881 Abstract + ( 777 )   PDF ( 741972KB )   ( 663 ) In order to seek soil carbon emission characteristics and its influencing factors in Datong Phragmites australis ecological wetland, soil respiration and related environmental factors in Huainan Datong Phragmites australis ecological wetland were measured by LI-8100, the automated soil CO2 flux system, from July 2011 to April 2012. At the same time, the corresponding point topsoil was brought back to determine 7 kinds of enzyme activity. The results indicated that: the diurnal variation of Phragmites australis wetland soil respiration showed an asymmetric single peak curve pattern, and seasonal change was significant (P<0.05). The maximum [(4.41±0.36) μmol/(m2?s)] appeared in July 2011, the minimum [(0.57±0.36) μmol/(m2?s)] appeared in January 2012. Through the partial correlation analysis to exclude other environment factors, the author found Phragmites australis wetland soil respiration was extremely significant correlation only with soil temperature of 10 cm (P<0.01), the exponential regression model could explain the soil respiration of 91.50%, and the effects of other environment factors were not significant (P>0.05). The stepwise regression showed that, Phragmites australis wetland soil respiration was significant correlation with phosphatase, cellulose and catalase (P<0.01), which could explain the soil respiration of 95.60%, but the relevance with urease, polyphenol-oxidase, protease or invertase was not remarkable (P>0.05). In conclude, the significant environment driving factor of Phragmites australis wetland soil respiration was the soil temperature, the effect of soil enzyme related to soil respiration was also extremely important.

  Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Tobacco-planting Soil Characteristics at Different Altitudes in Zhangjiajie Tobacco-growing Area 2013, 29 (11):  132-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3280 Abstract + ( 751 )   PDF ( 1008145KB )   ( 666 ) This paper was aim to reveal the relationship between soil characteristics and the altitude in Zhangjiajie tobacco-growing area, and to provide theory evidence for tobacco planting programming and rational fertilization. 299 of soil samples were collected, and the elevation were recorded by using GPS technology. The difference of soil physical-chemical properties at different altitudes (below 400 m, between 400-600 m, between 601-800 m, above 800 m) was compared, and the status of soil fertility was evaluated by using descriptive analysis characteristics and spatial interpolation characteristics methods. The results showed that, basically, the content of soil nitrogen, organic matter, available sulfur, available Mo, available Mn were increased with the increasing of elevation, while the content of soil exchangeable Ca, available Fe, available Cu were decreased with the decreasing of elevation. The attitude below 400 m and above 800 m had obvious difference with other attitudes. By comparing the content of soil nutrient in different attitude, the soil in high altitude was preferably for high quality and characteristic tobacco production. In conclusion, 62% soil samples were suitable and the attitude 601-800 m had the highest frequency distribution in suitable soil of Zhangjiajie tobacco-growing area.

  Study on the Application of Soil Type Information in Spatial Prediction of Soil Organic Carbon 2013, 29 (11):  139-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2458 Abstract + ( 932 )   PDF ( 772104KB )   ( 590 ) In order to evaluate the feasibility of soil types being used as auxiliary information to improve the spatial prediction accuracy of soil organic carbon in fluvo-aquic soil area, 212 prediction samples and 80 validation samples were collected throughout the Pei County, and the spatial prediction accuracy of the two methods of ordinary kriging (OK) and the kriging combined with soil types information (STK) were compared for soil organic carbon (SOC) content. The results showed that there were great differences for SOC content among the main soil types. The content was highest in silted soil (16.35 g/kg), while the one was lowest in sandy soil (8.58 g/kg). The ones of mixed soil and light saline-alkali soil were between them. The prediction accuracy using OK directly was low due to the great smoothing effect, and the corresponding correlation coefficient and the RMSE were 0.45-8.31 g/kg, while the ones of STK was 0.75-6.02 g/kg, and the RMSE was 20% lower than the former. Furthermore, the SOC spatial distribution from STK reflected the difference of SOC content among soil types better and was closer to the regional reality than the one from OK. It was indicated that STK could reduce the smoothing effect and improve the prediction accuracy by eliminating the difference of SOC contents among soil types. The information of soil type, which was closely related to SOC content, could be used as auxiliary information to improve prediction accuracy of SOC in the alluvial soil areas of North Jiangsu.

  The Difference of Cd, Zn and As Accumulation in Different Hybrid Rice Cultivars 2013, 29 (11):  145-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3490 Abstract + ( 1061 )   PDF ( 722840KB )   ( 791 ) In order to research the difference of Cd, Zn and As accumulation in different hybrid rice cultivars, 30 different hybrid rice cultivars were cultivated in a heavy metal and arsenic polluted paddy field which located in a mine zone of southern Hunan Province. The results showed that: there were certain differences of accumulation Cd, Zn and inorganic As between different genotypes of hybrid rice cultivars. The brown rice contents of Cd, Zn and As in 30 different hybrid rice cultivars were 0.28-0.83, 24.13-34.16, 0.45-0.77 mg/kg, respectively. Cd accumulation in brown rice of different genotypes of hybrid rice cultivars has significant difference, while Zn and As accumulation in brown rice is small differences. The significant difference of Cd content in brown rice exist between the two-lined hybrid rice and three-lined hybrid rice (P<0.05), and the differences of Zn and As contents in brown rice was not significant. Therefore, depending on differences of heavy metals accumulation in different hybrid rice cultivars, it indicated that the selection the pollution-safe cultivars were possible.

  Heavy Metal Distribution of Typical Plant in Xiawan Harbor of Zhuzhou 2013, 29 (11):  151-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3820 Abstract + ( 997 )   PDF ( 810401KB )   ( 745 ) The author collected 14 kinds of typical plants and soil in Xiawan harbor of Zhuzhou City, researched the distribution of heavy metals in plants, pollution, migration and accumulation, and found the characteristics of different typical plants in heavy metal pollution regional, with a view to provide reference for plants restoration in heavy metal pollution area. With potential ecological risk index method to evaluate the soil heavy metal pollution, according to the bioconcentration factor and transfer coefficient of heavy metals in plants to know the distribution and transformation. The results showed that: the majority of soil heavy metal elements content were apparent on the high side, potential ecological risk in the following order: Eir(Cd)>Eir(Pb)>Eir(Cu)>Eir(Zn), among which Cd was the most serious. The heavy metal content was different in different parts of plants. In the three parts, Zn was the highest, followed by Pb. Pokeberry root, Melia azedarach and Pueraria lobata on Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn accumulation ability was very strong, could be used as heavy metals enrichment plants to control the four kinds of polluted soil. Cynanchum auriculatum and Chenopodiaceae could have certain effect on Cu, Pb, Zn; Aristolochiadebilis and Clerodendrum bungei could be used as heavy metal pollution reference plant of ecological management on Cd, Pb, Zn.

  The Progress of Biological Properties and Mechanisms of Paenibacillus polymyxa 2013, 29 (11):  158-163.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2504 Abstract + ( 905 )   PDF ( 544186KB )   ( 1190 ) Paenibacillus polymyxa has a wide range of applicable properties, whose achievements in recent years, which are associated with genes, bioactive metabolites and mechanisms, are summarized in this review. It is summed up that fresh researches have been accomplished in peptide and proteins, enzymes, functional polysaccharide and other metabolic active substances. And then, this work focus on the mechanisms of plant growth promotion, potential biomedical applications and other fields. Their insufficiencies, which include in microecology, relationship between active metabolites and their structure and in-depth molecular mechanisms, have also been pointed out. Thus, this aims to review research advances on genes, metabolites and mechanisms. Furthermore, the outlook of experimental direction will be presented.

  Elementary Application of Multicriteria Decision Grey Relation Projection Method to the Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation of Soil and Water Conservation 2013, 29 (11):  164-167.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2220 Abstract + ( 772 )   PDF ( 553712KB )   ( 651 ) A grey relation projection model for comprehensive benefit evaluation of soil and water conservation was established by using grey system theory and the vector projection. It is objective to assess application of multicriteria decision grey relation projection method in comprehensive benefit evaluation for soil and water conservation. The research showed that this model was effective for comprehensive benefit evaluation of soil and water conservation. It had application and popularization value.

  Water Environmental Carrying Capacity in Xi’an City Based on Vector Norm Method 2013, 29 (11):  168-172.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2360 Abstract + ( 643 )   PDF ( 634818KB )   ( 601 ) In order to grasp the current status of water resources and provide the scientific guidance for the coordinated development of the economy, social and water conservation in Xi’an. Evaluation index of water environmental carrying capacity was determined in Xi’an City, depending on characteristics of the water environment in Xi’an City and selection principles of water environment carrying capacity evaluation index. Based on characteristics of water environment carrying capacity factors, three-layer structure model of evaluation factors were established and the weight of each index was calculated using analytic hierarchy process. Finally, status of water environmental carrying capacity was assessed, based on vector norm method and analytic hierarchy process. The results showed that water environmental carrying capacity was gradually improving and the valuation value rose from 0.035 to 0.083 in Xi’an City from 2004 to 2010, but the improvement was slow, annual growth rate was only 0.01. Present situation of water resources is improving year by year in Xi’an, but is very slow.

  Research on the Treatment of Domestic Water and Perception of Aquatic Environment from Farmers’ Aspect in North Jiangsu Province. 2013, 29 (11):  173-179.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3481 Abstract + ( 829 )   PDF ( 669677KB )   ( 701 ) In order to understand the current situation of rural water environmental protection and farmers’ environmental protection cognitive level in northern area of Jiangsu, this research discussed farmers’ water utilization characteristics, environmental behavior, and their evaluation of the local water environment and perception in government management policy by means of questionnaire survey in Xuyi and Sheyang, two counties in the northern part of Jiangsu Province. The results showed that: drinking water in rural of Xuyi came mainly from centralized lake-reservoir and scattered self-provided well water supply, while river water and centralized groundwater became the main source of the dringking water in Sheyang. And the water consumption of the farmers who got water from self-provided well was significantly higher than those who used tap water. Farmers, usually with irrational environmental behavior, discharged the domestic sewage in an extensive way and were always treating rubbish by dumping it in the river or simply with an open-air stack, which led to serious environmental problems, such as riverway blockages and water pollution. People treated human and animal excreta mainly by dumping it into the septic tank or returning it to field after compost, while the major disposing ways of straw was burning it for use as fuel or returning it to field after comminution. The study proved that farmer’s environmental awareness, which was presented as the type of ‘depends on government’, was in urgent need to be improved.

  The Variation Characteristic of Extreme Precipitation in Different Seasons in Loess Plateau of Gansu Region in Recent 52 Years 2013, 29 (11):  180-187.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2668 Abstract + ( 773 )   PDF ( 1510902KB )   ( 730 ) In order to analyze and reveal the extreme precipitation process for nearly 52 years in loess plateau of Gansu Region, the data on the year-by-year daily precipitation of 12 meteorological stations and 4 around in loess plateau of Gansu Region was selected, the thresholds of extreme precipitation were measured by the method of threshold detection as well as climate linear trend analysis, polynomial fitting, inverse distance weighted, Morlet wavelet analysis, Mann-Kendall test and R/S analysis to analyze. The results showed that: (1) extreme precipitation occured mainly in the summer; (2) Four seasons extreme precipitation showed a decrease trend, fall extreme precipitation was decrease most significantly; (3) Summer and autumn extreme precipitation had good correlation with annual extreme precipitation and made the greatest contribution to the annual extreme precipitation; (4) On the spatial distribution, four seasons of extreme precipitation in the north increased significantly, decreased area mainly in the central; (5) It was demonstrated that different vibration periods were displayed very clearly in the extreme precipitation of four seasons in recent 52 years, of about 25 years vibration periods was the most obvious; (6) Only summer extreme precipitation existed abrupt; (6) R/S analysis showed that the future of the extreme precipitation of trends were contrary with the past, the other three seasons were consistent with the past.

  Analysis on Precipitation and Rain Days in Botou City During the Last 50 Years 2013, 29 (11):  188-192.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3595 Abstract + ( 1014 )   PDF ( 565217KB )   ( 834 ) In order to maintain the precipitation law in Botou City and give a better suggestion of rainwater resources management, the local data of meteorology during 1961-2010 were investigated with the methods of distance average analysis, linear regression and coefficient of variation. The results showed that: the annual average precipitation was 582.72 mm in 50 years, and had a decreasing trend; about 72.0% annual precipitation concentrated in summer, however the summer precipitation also reduced in recent years, with a rainfall trend of -20.33 mm/10 a. Besides, the rain days decreased before 1980, but increased gradually later. According to the local rainfall characteristics of inter-annual and annual variations of rainfall, concrete measures on fully using the rainfall were provided, which would be benefit for making a scheme on optimal allocation of water resources in this region.

  Present Status and Prospect for Research on Crop Germplasm Resources and the Data Base 2013, 29 (11):  193-197.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3015 Abstract + ( 866 )   PDF ( 511411KB )   ( 897 ) Crop germplasm resources also called crop genetic resources, is the material basis of crop genetic improvement. This paper briefly described the significance of crop germplasm resources and its research actuality. The crop germplasm resources management system and data information types were specially introduced and prospected. The authors believed that crop germplasm resources information system will have a greatly development in future. This will provide a good information resources platform for crop genetic breeding projects.

  The Discussion for the Development of the Agricultural Products Ecommerce Platform 2013, 29 (11):  198-202.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3616 Abstract + ( 965 )   PDF ( 500159KB )   ( 3495 ) In order to solve agricultural materials to identify troubled agricultural industry upgrade, use, sale, circulation problems, for scale planting farmers, agricultural dealers, agricultural production enterprises and e-commerce platform to conduct research and comparative analysis show that: agricultural electronic business platform has become the main mode of agricultural sales in the future. Agricultural electricity supplier B2C, O2O, mobile Internet, online payment and mobile payment platform will integrate into the characteristics of the experience-sharing and social elements. Finally, the problems faced in the development of agricultural supplies electronic business platform is to: restrictions of logistics and transport, farming dispersion contradiction with the traditional trading patterns, the lack of trust mechanism.

  Ethnobotany Study on Dye-yielding Plants of Zhuang People in the Western Guangxi Province 2013, 29 (11):  203-207.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1260 Abstract + ( 913 )   PDF ( 563934KB )   ( 894 ) Bio-dyestuff has the advantage of widely source, high efficiency, safety and cheapness. In order to exploit and utilize better the new resources for dyeing plants, it was investigated by the methods of interviews and evidence of specimen collection identification in the western Guangxi Province, taking the representative west Zhuang People as information reporters. More over, those dyeing plants were recorded by the normal and local Zhuang Language. The results showed that there were 21 plants which could be divided into dyeing silk clothes, food, furniture, tools, dyeing crafts based on civil utilization. And the plant which dyed food were the most frequency, followed by dyeing cloth, dyeing crafts furniture or tools and dyeing handicraft. In addittion, there were 5 plants which have highest frequency (relative) in the dyeing food plants, and the colour was various, such as black, blue, red, purple, yellow and on, including edible yellow staining of most plants, dyeing method was unique, especially the Black-clothes Zhuang clothing dyeing and Zhuang colored rice had strong regional and national characteristics.

  Research on Developing Tourism Resource of Agriculture, Farmer and Rural Area: Base on Products of Rural Tourism Perspective 2013, 29 (11):  208-212.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3298 Abstract + ( 876 )   PDF ( 601478KB )   ( 624 ) In foundation of carrying on investigation to distribution of our state poverty countries, the paper pointed out the regions where the “issues of three dimensional rural” was most serious was exactly the regions where the rural-tourism resource was most abundant. A systematic categories on rural-tourism resource of Agriculture, Farmer and Rural Area was established, it consisted of 3 main parts, 9 items and 50 detail categories about. The research showed there were 3 major problems in the field of developing rural tourism. As a solution, a systematic model of "Four in One" on developing rural tourism was created. The systematic model could protect farmer’s benefits, stable market order, transform resource into products scientifically, and expand the scope of rural tourism products.

  Study on the Mechanism of Evolution about Island Resorts System Based on the Theory of Dissipative Structure ——A Case Study of Meizhou Island 2013, 29 (11):  213-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3695 Abstract + ( 842 )   PDF ( 691347KB )   ( 782 ) Abstract: Island tourism as an important part of the marine tourism, has become a popular tourist destination in China. The author selected Meizhou Island in Fujian as a research area, study on the mechanism of evolution about island resorts system based on the theory of dissipative structure, in order to provide reference for the development of island resort. The study concluded that: The source of negative entropy in Meizhou Island resort system has natural processes, social processes, tourism development process, as well as travel operators negative entropy input, essentially, island resort evolution based on the results of negative entropy input under the theory of dissipative structure; The dynamic subject of Meizhou Island resort system evolution is diversified, due to the versatility of the island land, we should pay more attention to the evolution of dynamic subject coordinating role; As island resort destination, it is more affected by tourism demands, the policy of island development and the improvement of external traffic network, through the coordination role of dynamic subject, thereby promoting increased system internal order; Meizhou Island is currently in the stage of system optimization, it should be timely adjustment of the tourism product structure, promote the diversification of tourism products, coordinate the development of tourism and heritage of conflict between the Mazu culture, to achieve tourists and island residents shared facilities, and it is comfortable for living, driving,traveling, so as to improve the degree of visitor’s experience, all of that are the key points of Meizhou Island resort system optimization.