Abstract: In order to grasp the current status of water resources and provide the scientific guidance for the coordinated development of the economy, social and water conservation in Xi’an. Evaluation index of water environmental carrying capacity was determined in Xi’an City, depending on characteristics of the water environment in Xi’an City and selection principles of water environment carrying capacity evaluation index. Based on characteristics of water environment carrying capacity factors, three-layer structure model of evaluation factors were established and the weight of each index was calculated using analytic hierarchy process. Finally, status of water environmental carrying capacity was assessed, based on vector norm method and analytic hierarchy process. The results showed that water environmental carrying capacity was gradually improving and the valuation value rose from 0.035 to 0.083 in Xi’an City from 2004 to 2010, but the improvement was slow, annual growth rate was only 0.01. Present situation of water resources is improving year by year in Xi’an, but is very slow.