Current issue

• 2013 Vol.29 No.12 Published:25 April 2013

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  Research Progress of Drought Resistance Identification and Evaluation in Rice 2013, 29 (12):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3287 Abstract + ( 907 )   PDF ( 531525KB )   ( 830 ) Materials Identification and Screening of drought resistance in rice is an important aspect to cultivate rice variety of drought resistance. In this paper, identification methods and evaluation indicators used by assessment of drought resistance of rice at home and abroad were provided, and the pros and cons of various research methods were comprehensive analyzed. Besides, the limitations of using a single drought evaluation indicator was pointed out, and a comprehensive index system include morphological, physiological and biochemical should be built to correctly evaluate the drought resistance of rice.

  Research Advances in Ethylene Regulation to Growth and Development of Seedling Root 2013, 29 (12):  6-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2983 Abstract + ( 890 )   PDF ( 582183KB )   ( 1514 ) Abstract: Seedlings establishment is one of critical periods in plant growth and development, and it is largely affected by environmental factors and hormonal regulation. As an important signaling molecules, Ethylene participates in and regulates the growth and development of seedling root according to numerous studies and the regulation mechanism of Ethylene affecting in plant growth and development has been a research hotspot in recent years. We summarize the research achievements about Ethylene biosynthesis and production pathway in recent decades. And we expound a series of physiological effects produced by Ethylene affecting in seedling root growth and development such as primary root elongation growth, lateral root and adventitious root initiation, stress resistance and adaptability of seedling root, aerenchyma formation etc. Furthermore, we analyze the signal function of ethylene, the interaction between ethylene and other signal molecules as well as Ethylene regulation to related genes in process of root growth and development. On the base of these studies, the further research problems of Ethylene in terms of production practice, physiological action mechanism and molecular regulation mechanism are put forward, thus these could be useful for people to reasonable utilize the technology of ethylene regulation.

  Progress in Research on Polyploid Induction technology of Miscanthus 2013, 29 (12):  13-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2690 Abstract + ( 997 )   PDF ( 494440KB )   ( 772 ) Miscanthus Anderss is a new kind of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of biofuels. In order to improve the biomass production and resistance of Miscanthus Anderss，the polyploid induction of Miscanthus have been widely researching all over the world. In recent years, researchers have got some important achievements in the researches on plant regeneration in vitro and mutation breeding. From the choice of explant, the induction of callus and cluster buds, the treatment by colchicine or oryzalin during polyploid induction of Miscanthus and the method of ploidy determination, this paper is doing an overview of the results. A forecast of the future was given about the application and development of Miscanthus polyploid breeding.

  The Research Progress on Soil Quality Indication of Black Farmland 2013, 29 (12):  17-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2210 Abstract + ( 1014 )   PDF ( 488428KB )   ( 719 ) black soil; soil quality; research progress

  Research Advances on Consequence of Autopolyploidy, Research Advances on Consequence of Autopolyploidy 2013, 29 (12):  22-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3285 Abstract + ( 952 )   PDF ( 553010KB )   ( 1187 ) Autopolyploidy is more common in plants than traditionally assumed. In order to master the research progress of autopolyploidy and get to know the research emphasis and weak link, the author analyzed the research results at home and abroad, introduced the different types of polyploidy and the changes in gene expression in autopolyploidy, including silencing, activation, and altered expression of genes and discusses the molecular mechanisms of these changes. Furthermore we also reviewed the evolution consequence of autopolyploidy. In contrast to the additive value of genome size in typical autopolyploids, nuclear DNA amount in cytologically diploidized autotetraploids exhibits considerable genome downsizing. The limited evidence currently available suggests that autopolyploids neither experience strong genome restructuring nor wide reorganization of gene expression during the first generations following genome doubling. Biogeographic and ecological surveys point to an association between the formation of autopolyploid lineages and environmental change. Autopolyploidy has received little attention compared with allopolyploidy. The systematic studies at different levels on genome size and gene expression patters in utopolyploidy are needed. It forecasted the importants of autopolyploidy in crops breeding and agricultrure in the future.

  Effect of Nitrogen Application on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Super Early Rice 2013, 29 (12):  30-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2503 Abstract + ( 676 )   PDF ( 493118KB )   ( 620 ) To explore the effect of nitrogen application on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of super early rice, super early rice ‘Xinfengyou22’ and ‘Jinyou458’ was used as a test materials, designed 6 level of nitrogen, the effects of different nitrogen application on super double season early rice yield and nitrogen using efficiency were studied. The results showed that, the yield of the nitrogen treatment was significantly higher than N0, ‘Xinfengyou22’ N4 than N0 120.86%, ‘Jinyou458’ N4 than N0 145.34%, in 0-195 kg/hm2 range, the grain yield with nitrogen increased, when nitrogen application up to 195 kg/hm2 yield was the supreme, and then is decreased. In the low nitrogen level, increase nitrogen application was beneficial to improve rice effective panicles per unit area, grain and straw nitrogen uptake. Nitrogen content of the grain in the mature period with the increased amount of nitrogen significantly increased trend. Nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity was decreased with the increased amount of nitrogen, nitrogen agronomic efficiency of ‘Jinyou458’ was N1>N2>N3>N4>N5, ‘Xinfengyou22’ was N1 > N4 > N2 > N3 > N5.

  Comparison of Panicle Related Characters for Rice Maintainer Lines in Jiangxi Province 2013, 29 (12):  35-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1834 Abstract + ( 1033 )   PDF ( 457351KB )   ( 726 ) Panicle is one of the important factors for rice yield improvement, therefore, research works concerning panicle related characters have been paid wide attention. In order to understand the rice panicle traits in depth and provide the basis for new varieties breeding, 3 typical maintainer lines cultivars applied in the production in Jiangxi Province were studied by using ‘Zhenshan 97B’ as check in this study. The results revealed that, 99B, ‘XinluB’ and 146B increased significantly for panicle number, primary branch number and secondary branch number. The most pronounced increase were panicle number and secondary branch number, averaged as 13.1% and 27.5% respectively. But the panicle length increased or decreased compared with ‘Zhenshan 97B’, which indicated that the researchers pay more attention on panicle related traits in Jiangxi rice maintainer lines breeding program in recent years, more tillering and large panicle was chosen as the focus. Correlation analysis showed that, panicle number was significantly positively correlated with primary and secondary branch number, and the correlation coefficient was respectively 0.88 and 0.79, indicated that panicle number played an important role in branch number improvement and that the contradiction between more tillering and large panicle could be broken through breeding selection. Panicle length was significantly negative correlated with branch number and primary and secondary branch number, and correlation coefficient was respectively -0.75, -0.43 and -0.59, which indicated that there was contradiction between panicle length and branch number and panicle number, therefore the panicle length was an important condition to ensure the more tillering and large panicle formation.

  Bioinformatics Analysis of Chalcone Synthase and the Gene in Three Triticeae Crops 2013, 29 (12):  39-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3250 Abstract + ( 958 )   PDF ( 825275KB )   ( 767 ) The chalcone synthase genes of common wheat, blue-grained wheat, and quack grass were analyzed. The composition of amino acid sequences, molecular structure, physicaland chemical characters, subcellular localization, transmembrane helices, and molecular phylogenetic evolution, secondary and tertiary structure from NCBI were analyzed and predicted by bioinformatics software. The results demonstrated that the length of three CHS genes were all 1.2 kb, which coded 394 aa and had a high homology amino acid ,and they were all unstable protein, strong hydrophobic, secondary structures of the protein were most of alpha helix, but the structure had many differences, in the other prediction protein. In the evolutionary tree could be seen the blue-grained wheat and quack grass genetic relationship is close. The result implied the properties of CHS in the Triticeae crops was almost as the same as them of other plants. This study provided the basis of research the enzymes and their genes in further step.

  The Protein Pattern Analysis of Wheat Seedlings involved Salt Stress Responsion 2013, 29 (12):  44-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3621 Abstract + ( 868 )   PDF ( 1452025KB )   ( 808 ) For this study, the characters of seed germination and young seedling growth under salt stress mimiced by sodium chloride (NaCl) were evaluated. Some physiology parameters of young seedling involved salt stress responsion were analysed. Furthermore, the primary different proteomic analysis of the leaves from young seedling subjected to salt stress was performed. The results showed that, the whole proteins extracted from young seedlings cultured in pots under 1.0% NaCl for 72 hours were changed. 332 Proteins were matched and 61 proteins showed differently expressed under salt stress, with 29 up and 32 down. The feasible suggestion on procedure of 2D-PAGE and image analysis was presented.

  Effect of Molybdenum on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth in Wheat Varieties for Different Uses 2013, 29 (12):  49-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1731 Abstract + ( 976 )   PDF ( 668923KB )   ( 667 ) To prove up the physiological and structural effects of molybdenum on wheat seed germination and seedling growth, the wheat varieties for different uses were chosen to study the effect of the different molybdenum concentration on the activities of amylase, bud potentials, germination rate, activities of roots, structure of root tip and seedling growth. The results were as followings, low concentrations (10 mg/L) accelerated bud potential and germination rate, while high concentrations restrained them, this was corresponding to activities of amylase in wheat under the same molybdenum treatments. The activities of roots, root length, bud length, root weight and bud weight took on a trend of increase first and then decreased, root length and weight were more sensitive to molybdenum than bud. A certain molybdenum concentrations could advance volumes and quantities of meristematic cells in root tip. The different wheat varieties for different uses were different response to molybdenum as follows: ‘Yangmai 16’ with medium gluten > ‘Yangmai19’ with weak gluten > ‘Luomai8’ with strong gluten.

  Characterization and Expression Analysis of DGAT Gene Family in Soybean 2013, 29 (12):  55-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4153 Abstract + ( 1442 )   PDF ( 1422682KB )   ( 909 ) Abstract: Triacylglycerol (TAG) is the main storage fat of the most oil seeds which is synthesized mainly in the plastid of plant. Diacylglycerolacyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the last step of triacylglycerolsynthetic pathway, which is a rate-limiting enzyme of thispathway. In this study, DGAT family genes of soybean are characterized in genome wide. Phylogenetic analysis characterized 3 classes of DGATgenes in soybean, which are belong to DGAT1, DGAT2 and DGAT3, and they distribute in 6 chromosomes of soybean genome.Whole genome expression analysis revealedthat DGAT1 subfamily genes mainly expressed in SAM and green pod while DGAT3 subfamily genes mainly in root, DGAT2 family genes broadly expressedin nodule, leaf, flower and green pod.

  Isolation and Expressing Analysis of a Stress Tolerance Gene SbALDH7 in Sorghum Bicolor 2013, 29 (12):  62-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2786 Abstract + ( 724 )   PDF ( 1078217KB )   ( 701 ) The sequence features and expression patterns of SbALDH7 were studied in Sorghum Bicolor. The cDNA of SbALDH7 was cloned by RT-PCR. The structure features was analyzed by bioinformatics software. The expression patterns of the gene were investigated using Semi-quantitive RT-PCR in different tissues under different stress. The result showed that SbALDH7 included 13 introns and encoded a protein sequence with 509 amino acids. The protein deduced from SbALDH7 possesses typical characteristics of members of the ALDH7 protein family. Transcript levels of the SbALDH7 genes were upregulated by PEG, NaCl, ABA and 4℃. In PEG osmotic stress, transcript levels of the SbALDH7 gene were higher in leaf and culm than in root. There is no difference in SbALDH7 protein sequences of six sorghum varieties, which have remarkably different drought tolerance. However, there is remarkable positive correlation between seedling drought resistance of varieties and transcript levels of SbALDH7. The results showed expression of SbALDH7 is important for drought tolerance of Sorghum bicolor. SbALDH7 had typical structure features of ALDH protein family, and it played an important role during the process of stress response. SbALDH7 could be used as a target gene for crop genetic improvement.

  Effect of Cultivation Factor on Quality Combination Parameters of High Grade Hybrid Rape in Brassica napus L. 2013, 29 (12):  69-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1735 Abstract + ( 1070 )   PDF ( 588865KB )   ( 596 ) In order to study comprehensive effect of sowing dates, plant densities, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium on quality combination parameters of high grade hybrid rape. Experiment material is ‘Youyan 599’ and ‘Sanbei 98’, study on effects of cultivation factor on quality combination parameters of high grade hybrid rape were carried out through orthogonal rotational regression combination design in Brassica napus L. The results showed that, there were negative correlations between protein & fat content and sowing dates (-0.7493, -0.3846), positively correlated with nitrogenous fertilizer (0.8927*, 0.8977*), and potassium (0.5851, 0.7530). There were positively correlations between unsaturated fatty acid and plant densities (0.2086, 0.6696), nitrogenous fertilizer (0.7913, 0.6980), negative correlated with phosphorus fertilize (-0.6350, -0.4162). There were positively correlations between saturated fatty acid and sowing dates (0.4329, 0.7887), phosphorus fertilize (0.8928*, 0.3449). There were positively correlations between index of unsaturated fatty acid and plant densities (0.5447, 0.5721), nitrogenous fertilizer (0.9208*, 0.8863*), negative correlated with phosphorus fertilizer (-0.2442, -0.3468), potassium (-0.3562, -0.6703). There were negative correlations between ratio of unsaturated fatty acid and saturated fatty acid and sowing dates (-0.1264, -0.7246), phosphorus fertilizer (-0.8513, -0.7480), positively correlations with nitrogenous fertilizer (0.5380, 0.5406). There were positively correlations between 18C fatty acid content and plant densities (0.2387, 0.7053), nitrogenous fertilizer (0.7866, 0.7200), negative correlations with phosphorus fertilizer (-0.6438, -0.3948). There were negative correlations between total fatty acid content of erucic acid chain and sowing dates (-0.7400, -0.4480), nitrogenous fertilizer (-0.5999, -0.9558*), positively correlations with plant densities (0.8918*, 0.0923). There were positively correlations between ratio of unsaturated fatty acid and total fatty acid content of erucic acid chain and sowing dates (0.7014, 0.3873), nitrogenous fertilizer (0.6824, 0.9614**), potassium (0.0502, 0.0018). There were positively correlations between oleic acid & linoleic acid and plant densities (0.3146, 0.6348), nitrogenous fertilizer (0.7429, 0.5280), negative correlated with phosphorus fertilize (-0.6286, -0.4431). There were positively correlations and negative correlations among cultivation factor and quality combination parameters influence of each cultivation factor on quality combination parameters, positively correlations and negative correlations could be counteract each other. Expression of quality combination parameter for each treat was comprehensive influence of five cultivation factors on quality combination parameter. It was bigger for effect of five cultivation factors on ratio of unsaturated fatty acid and total fatty acid content of erucic acid chain of two varieties, it was smaller for effect of five cultivation factors on protein & fat content of two varieties, oil quality of high grade hybrid rape could improvement to a certain extent through adjusting cultivation measure, phosphorus fertilizer was a cultivation factor that produce negative effect on oil quality of high grade hybrid rape.

  In silico cloning and sequence analysis of glucanase gene（ScBG1） from sugarcane 2013, 29 (12):  80-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1663 Abstract + ( 1001 )   PDF ( 1708950KB )   ( 792 ) In order to reveal the structure and function characteristics of β-1,3-glucanase gene in sugarcane, and provide the basis for the research and application of this gene, a sugarcane full-length cDNA sequence of β-1,3-glucanase gene, termed as ScBG1, was obtained in silico by using the rice β-1,3- glucanase gene (U72255.1) as search probe, and the bioinformatics analysis was also finished. The results showed that the full-length of the cDNA sequence of the ScBG1 gene was 1842 bp, which contained a 1488 bp complete open reading frame and enco ded 495 amino acid residues. The assemble gene belonged to the 17th glycol hydro family and hydrophobic protein containing the signal peptide. With several plants’ β-1,3-glucanase Based on the sequences comparison of the ScBG1 gene with β-1,3-glucanase genes from several other plant species, the ScBG1 gene had the typical structural region of β-1,3-glucanase and was high conserved with 45%-73% sequence similarity. The results in this paper provided the basis for experimental isolation of the ScBG1 gene in sugarcane and the reference for the research of its molecule function.

  Comparative Experiment on Newly Introduced Jute (Corchorus L.) Lines 2013, 29 (12):  91-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2887 Abstract + ( 821 )   PDF ( 500249KB )   ( 678 ) The current experiment was conducted to screen out novel jute lines with high seed yield per plant at seed mature stage and high fiber yield at fiber mature stage. 14 new jute lines introduced from Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University were used in the comparative experiment to investigate agronomic traits, economic traits, yield and other indicators at seed and fiber mature stage, respectively. The results showed that at fiber mature stage fiber yield was 4183.66-5197.62 kg/ hm2. J8 line had the highest fiber yield (5197.62 kg/hm2) followed by J7 (5150.93 kg/hm2), which displayed superb economic traits. At seed mature stage, seed yield per plant was 2.7-11.9g. J7 line produced most seed (11.9g) and J10 had the second highest yield (11.4g).

  Introduction of Herbicide Resistant Gene(bar)into Flax by Pollen Tube Pathway 2013, 29 (12):  96-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4197 Abstract + ( 925 )   PDF ( 939264KB )   ( 690 ) [Aim] To identify whether transformed successfully Bar gene into T1 generation of transformed-plant flax. [Method] The Bar was transformed into flax using pollen tube pathway. The minimum lethal dose of glufosinate to T1 generation was screening by leaves smear the drug. Then, glufosinate-tolerant plants were also screened through drug spray in field, and Bar-positive detect of anti-drug plants were conducted by PCR. [Results] The minimum lethal dose of glufosinate to T1 generation was 100 mg/L. There were 44 T1 glufosinate-tolerant plants survived in field, and 8 Bar-positive plants were confirmed by PCR, which average transformation rate was 18.2%. [Conclusion] It is successful to transform Bar gene into flax using the method of pollen tube pathway. Key words: pollen tube pathway; glufosinate; bar gene

  Effects of inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate-solubilizing fungus with different proportion on P-uptake and rhizosphere soil enzyme activities of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) in coastal saline soil 2013, 29 (12):  101-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2704 Abstract + ( 847 )   PDF ( 893977KB )   ( 659 ) In order to explore the mechanism of combined inoculation microorganisms improving coastal saline soil property and plant growth, the effects of different proportion of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate-solubilizing fungus (PSF) infection on growth, chlorophyll contents, P-uptake of castor bean and rhizosphere soil pH values, available P concentrations, enzyme activities were assessed in pot experiment. The results showed that soil enzyme activities (i.e., invertase, urease, neutral phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase) and available P concentrations of soil were stimulated, and soil pH values were decreased by combined inoculation with AMF and PSF. Chlorophyll contents, P-uptake, and plant dry weight of castor bean were also enhanced. The optimal proportion was 28.56:(11.5?105) (number of AMF spores: Ms colony) which have positive effects on saline soil and stimulating plant growth under greenhouse condition. These results demonstrated the potential of the appropriate proportion of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and P-solubilizing fungi in enhancing coastal saline soil property and promoting castor bean growth.

  Status of Soil Nitrogen and Nitrogen Mineralization Characteristic in Paddy Soil of Hunan Province 2013, 29 (12):  109-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3276 Abstract + ( 1096 )   PDF ( 614257KB )   ( 758 ) In order to investigate the characteristic of N fertility and N mineralization in paddy soil of Hunan Province, waterflooded incubation two weeks (improved method) was proposed by Waring and Bremer to study the N mineralization characteristic of three rice based cropping systems paddy soil derived from three kinds of type of parent material in Changsha County, also forecasted the nitrogen supplying capacity of soil. Results showed that, total N and alkaline hydrolytic N of tested soil respectively vary from 0.55-1.50 g/kg and 84.10-182.70 mg/kg, and showed normal distribution. The mineralizable N of tested soil vary from 24.53-84.61 mg/kg, there was significantly positive correlation between the mineralizable N and total N (r=0.467*), and extremely significantly positive correlation between the mineralizable N and alkaline hydrolytic N (r=0.535**). The potentially mineralizable N of tested soil vary from 65.70-170.09 mg/kg, and the mineralization rate constant (c) vary from 0.0083-0.0386. The amount of N supply was forecasted in tested soil was 112.51-422.10 kg/hm2, and the rate of N supply was 7.07%-23.53%. Among three kinds of parent material, the N supply potentiality of tested soil derived from granite weathered material was obviously higher than that of the soil derived from the quaternary red clay and river alluvium; among three based cropping systems, the N supply potentiality in tested soil of rice field transform upland field in 3-5 years was obviously lower than that soil of rice field-upland field rotation and double cropping rice.

  Study on the Potential of Phosphorus Adsorption and Desorption in Main Tobacco-planted Soils in Hunan Province 2013, 29 (12):  115-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3542 Abstract + ( 995 )   PDF ( 581266KB )   ( 674 ) In order to investigate the fertilizer supplying potential and provide the theoretical basis of rational fertilization of Hunan main tobacco-growing area, this experiment studied the characteristics of phosphorus adsorption and desorption on long-term tobacco-planted soil samples derived from 5 different parent materials in Hunan Province by simulating Langmuir equation. The results showed: soil derived from limestone possessed the maximum phosphorus capacity and the maximum buffering capacity, and soil derived from quaternary red clay possessed the maximum adsorption binding energy, meanwhile soil derived from purple slate shale got the highest degree of phosphorus sorption saturation. The difference of the P adsorption amount was: limestone>slate shale >quaternary red clay>purple sandy shale>purple slate shale. The standard required phosphorus of soil derived from limestone, quaternary red clay, slate, purple sandy shale, purple slate shale were 209.50 kg/hm2, 188.76 kg/hm2, 146.58 kg/hm2, 122.28 kg/hm2, 77.21 kg/hm2. Soils had strong fixation effect on phosphorus. Among of them, soil derived from quaternary red clay ranked the highest fixation capability and lowest desorption rate toward phosphorus, while soils from purple slate shale had the maximum desorption capability and the highest desorption rate.

  Effects of Different Film Mulching on Soil Temperature and Moisture 2013, 29 (12):  120-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3567 Abstract + ( 748 )   PDF ( 1040552KB )   ( 769 ) Development of cultivation techniques of plastic film while dramatically improves crop yield, bring huge economic benefits to farmers, but also leads to soil pollution, therefore the development of degradable film is imperative. In order to discuss the effect of degradable film, maize cultivation with different film mulching of degradable film, plastic film and liquid film were done in field conditions compared with open-air maize. Effects of degradable film, liquid film on soil temperature and soil moisture were studied. The results showed that, the degradable film could increase soil temperature in 5-20 cm profile, and soil moisture in 0-40 cm profile. With the same effects of ordinary plastic film, the degradable film could increase soil temperature and keep soil moisture, and replaced the plastic film for agricultural production; however, liquid film was affected by the weather, especially rainfall, so it should be used with caution in the case of open-air cultivation.

  Effects of Nitrogen and Silicon Interaction on the Nutrition and Yield of Rice 2013, 29 (12):  127-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2462 Abstract + ( 846 )   PDF ( 463523KB )   ( 1084 ) In order to provide adequate theoretical basis for reasonably nitrogen and silicon combined application, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen and silicon interaction on the nutrition and yield of rice. The results showed that, silicon application could significantly increase the solid grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight; while nitrogen application could significantly increase the valid panicle number per plant, nitrogen and silicon combined application could increase the yield of rice. Added silicon fertilizer could significantly increase soil available silicon content, but added nitrogen fertilizer could significantly decrease soil available silicon content. Nitrogen application could increase nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of rice plant on each period, but silicon application had no significant effects. The results of the present study suggested that, the effects of nitrogen fertilizer in the presence of silicon fertilizer could be improved, the treatment (N 180 kg/hm2 and SiO2 30 kg/hm2) could obtain balanced nutrition and the highest yield of rice.

  A Study on Impact of Eco-climatic Factors on Seed Weight of Winter Wheat in the Middle of Loess Plateau 2013, 29 (12):  131-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2850 Abstract + ( 876 )   PDF ( 633134KB )   ( 548 ) In order to grasp the laws of ecological climatic factors on seed weight of winter wheat in dryland of the middle loess plateau, scientifically develop and utilize the climate resources, improve the productivity benefits of winter wheat. Based on experiment data at agro-meteorological experiment station of Xifeng, Gansu Province and meteorological data from 1995 to 2009, the relationship between TKW of wheat and grouting rate, spacing interval had been analyzed with statistics methods. The author found the characteristic of impact of synthetic eco-climatic factors on TKW. The result showed that the contribution rate of grouting rate for TKW was 69% and 2.23 times of that grouting spacing interval. It showed increasing trend of TKW and sprouting rate year by year indicated that variation of eco-climatic factors were still restricts to the suitable option. There still was range of increasing potential of yield per unit. It also showed that the when the precipitation increased by 10 mm during the pustulation period, the TKW would be increased by 2.15 g , The active accumulated temperature increased by 100℃, the TKW would be decreased by 2.7 g The relative air humidity increased by 1%, the TKW would be decreased by 1.0 g.

  Effects of Fertilizers Application on Yield and Quality of Potato 2013, 29 (12):  136-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3545 Abstract + ( 965 )   PDF ( 534661KB )   ( 827 ) The experiment was conducted to identify the best fertilizer ratio under the condition of located fertilizer of Wuchuan areas Inner, ‘Kexin1’ as experimental materials, random block design was adopted to study effects of M+NPK, M, NPK, NP, NK, PK, CK two years continuous positioning fertilization on yield and quality of potato. The results showed that, effects of fertilizers application on yield and rate of tuber are significant, yield increased range from 5.8% to 49.76%, rate of commercial potato increased range from 13.97% to 55.14%. M+NPK was the most significant, NPK was the second. Effects of fertilizers application on improve the content of N, P, K, amylase, amylopectin, reducing sugar, protein and amino acids, M+NPK was the most significant. The content of Zn was the highest in the treatment of M (16.00 mg/kg), the content of Ca, Se was the highest in the treatment of NK (208.40 mg/kg, 8.40 μg/kg), the content of Fe was the highest in the treatment of NP (206.03 mg/kg). The yield and quality of potato of M+NPK were higher, and it was the suitable match for local plant.

  Boron Effects on Seed Traits of Sunflower by Spraying on Foliar 2013, 29 (12):  141-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2904 Abstract + ( 845 )   PDF ( 521532KB )   ( 709 ) In order to study the effects of boron on seed traits of sunflower, and further explore the best method of application for improving seed production and seed traits, an experiment of spraying boron on foliar was designed. The results showed that, spraying boron on foliar could improve yield that range of 0.6%-13.3%, and average 7.3%, spraying boron on foliar could improve fertile percentage that was 0.1%-8.1%, and the meant was 4.7%. Spraying boron on foliar was not influential seeds per disk, individual treatments led to seed became smaller and lighter. Treatments comparison showed W6 was the best that spraying total was 1000 g/hm2, spraying period and proportion was seeding stage 25% + bud stage 50% + blossom stage 25%. Further analysis indicated that, spraying period and proportion was more important on seed traits of sunflower than spraying total.

  Comparison of Biological Characteristics of Different Hericium erinaceus Strains Within a Commercial Cultivation Facility 2013, 29 (12):  145-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2384 Abstract + ( 817 )   PDF ( 566511KB )   ( 673 ) To choose Hericium erinaceus strains meet the anniversary produce requirement from 11 different source H. erinaceus strains and provide the cultivation strains for a commercial cultivation facility. Selected biological characteristics, including mycelium growth rate, mycelial antagonistic, the cultivation cycle within a commercial cultivation facility, the shape of fruit body, the length of spine and yield of 11 strains were compared to observe mycelial growth characteristics and the fruiting within a commercial cultivation facility. The results showed that, mycelium growth rate, mycelial antagonistic, the cultivation cycle within a commercial cultivation facility, the shape of fruit body, the length of spine and yield had great difference among 11 strains in the same conditions. 0608 strain exhibited the fastest mycelial growth rate, while 0605 strain exhibited the highest yield and shorter cultivation cycle that conform to the commercial cultivation conditions and Cichang H. erinaceus strain exhibited the minimum deformity rate of fruit body, the best fruit body color and the best shaped mushroom, but the longest cultivation cycle. The requirement for cultivation strain was great different between within a commercial cultivation facility and in the greenhouse. 0605 strain conform to the commercial cultivation conditions. Cichang H. erinaceus strain could be as good quantity spawn for a commercial cultivation facility. Mycelium growth rate of 0605 strain was 0.2865 cm/d on potato dextrose agar (PDA). The cultivation cycle within a commercial cultivation facility was not more than 60 days (two batchs fruit body) and the yield was 217.52 g/bag.

  Advances of Researches on the Silicon Uptake and Transporters in Plants 2013, 29 (12):  150-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2326 Abstract + ( 1101 )   PDF ( 514865KB )   ( 866 ) This article generalized the characteristics of silicon content, form, distribution and function in higher plant, expounded the researches about the silicon uptake site in roots, the uptake mechanisms and selecting the rice mutants defective in Si uptake. The characteristics were reviewed in details such as activities of 9 silicon transporters discovered in 4 kinds of higher plants, including OsLsi1, OsLsi1, OsLsi1 in rice; ZmLsi1, ZmLsi1, ZmLsi1 in maize; HvLsi1 and HvLsi2 in barley, CmLsi1 in pumpkin. It summarized the specialization and cooperation mechanisms of various silicon transporters on the whole level of the rice, maize and barley. It needed to broaden the research objects in order to correctly and fully understand the transporters and its mechanisms.

  Establishment of Real-time Fluorescence Quantitative RT-PCR for β-actin Gene of Palembus dermestoides by SYBR Green I 2013, 29 (12):  157-163.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2695 Abstract + ( 906 )   PDF ( 1277253KB )   ( 769 ) In this paper, we constructed a real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR system for the β-actin gene of Palembus dermestoides with MJ Research OpticonTM 2 instrument, using SYBR Green I method. The primers of β-actin were designed by the conserved sequence of other insects available in GenBank. PCR annealing temperature, primers concentration, template concentration and other reaction factors was optimized, and the amplification curve and melt curve was analyzed. Our results showed that the optimum reaction conditions were 1 μM of each primer, 50 ng/μL of cDNA templet, and 10 μL of 2×SYBRR Premix Ex TaqTM in a final volume of 20 μL. The optimum PCR procedure conditions were initial denaturation 94℃ for 30 s followed by 44 cycles of 94℃ for 10 s, 57℃ for 30 s and 72℃ for 40 s. A melt curve was acquired at 82℃ for 1 s finally. It found that β-actin could be used as reference gene of FQ RT-PCR of P. dermestoides because of its stable expression during different development stages. The 2-ΔΔCT relative quantitative RT-PCR system was established for the β-actin of P. dermestoides and the importance of the optimization of PCR reaction system was analyzed. The FQ RT-PCR method was simple and had a highly specificity and could be further applied to the usage of the β-actin as a reference gene in quantitative analysis of ecdysis relevent gene expression of P. dermestoides.

  Determination of Low Concentration 5-Aminolevulinic Acid by Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography 2013, 29 (12):  164-167.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2740 Abstract + ( 1365 )   PDF ( 585067KB )   ( 659 ) A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with precolumn derivatization was developed for the determination of low concentration 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). An Agilent SB-C18 column (250 mm ×4.6 mm i.d., 5μm) was used for separation, and the elution was performed with methanol and 50 mM sodium acetate solution (adjustment of pH to 4.0 with acetic acid). The flow rate was 1 mL.min-1, the temperature of column was 30℃, and the detection wavelength was at 254 nm with the detection time of 10 minutes. The dynamic linear range is 1-1000 mg.L-1, and the correlation coefficient is above 0.9999. The average recoveries of ALA in 3 samples of fermentation were 101.7%. The results agreed well with those of spectrophotometry. So the developed method is simple and reliable for the determination of low concentration ALA.

  Advance in Research on Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 2013, 29 (12):  168-173.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2746 Abstract + ( 1059 )   PDF ( 592353KB )   ( 843 ) The research advance of using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables was reviewed, including the screening methods antagonists and situation of B.amyloliquefaciens. The mechanisms of the antagonist B. amyloliquefaciens against postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables and improved ways of antagonistic microorganism were summarized. Moreover, the paper also presented the application of B. amyloliquefaciens agent and the existing problems such as instability of control effect and difficulty of commercialization, combined use of pesticides and using methods in molecular biology on bacteriostasis mechanism are propounded. Finally, the pesticides of B. amyloliquefaciens were considered as wide development prospect in the future.

  The Influence of Meteorological Factors on Rice Planthopper Occurrence Levels andTheir Predict in Guangdong Province 2013, 29 (12):  174-178.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2613 Abstract + ( 723 )   PDF ( 563302KB )   ( 644 ) To ascertain the key meteorological factors and their periods of influencing rice planthopper occurrence levels and provide early warning for local government and related departments in Guangdong Province, the relation between the rice planthopper occurrence areas and corresponding surface meteorological data from 1992 to 2009 was researched by correlation analysis method, and the long-term predicting models of rice planthopper occurrence levels were constructed by least-squares method and curve regression in June and September. The results indicated that June and September were the key periods of rice planthopper occurrence. key meteorological factors included the ratio of precipitation to air temperature, heavy rain days, days of average wind speed<5 m/s in June, and average temperature, days of average wind speed<5 m/s in September. The accuracy of rice planthopper occurrence level models was 83%, and prediction of rice planthopper occurrence level was correct in 2010. The prediction models had high prediction accuracy and could satisfy the needs of operational services.

  Impacts of Monocotyledon Weeds on Millet Yield Lossin Foxtail Millet Field 2013, 29 (12):  179-184.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2833 Abstract + ( 864 )   PDF ( 602589KB )   ( 573 ) In order to scientifically control monocotyledon weeds, explore the damage law of monocotyledon weeds on millet. Using the plot experiment and the method of SPSS 18.0 nonlinear regression analysis, to simulate and compare the main experience models. The results showed that, it was very significant positive correlation between millet yield loss and monocotyledon weeds density, power hyperbolic function model goodness-of-fit was maximum, as high as 99.6%, the sum of squared residuals (23.947) was minimum, it was the optimal model to simulate the competition relation between monocotyledon weeds and millet. Prediction equation was Y=d0.083/(0.793+0.013d0.083), the biggest competitiveness of interspecific and intraspecific in monocotyledon weeds were 1.2610 and 0.0164 respectively, millet yield maximum loss rate 76.92%, elastic coefficient r=0.083<1, millet yield loss increased slowdown with the increase of monocotyledon weeds density. The study provided theoretic support for comprehensive control monocotyledon weeds.

  The Study on Inhibition of Penicillium, Actinomycete and Limewater to Fusarium oxysporum 2013, 29 (12):  185-189.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2909 Abstract + ( 1300 )   PDF ( 968075KB )   ( 1072 ) The aim was to study the various antagonistic microorganisms to Fusarium oxysporum. in order to provide a theoretical basis in development of biological preparation. By PDA flat confrontation method and fermentation broth, the competition, hyperparasitism, antibioticaction of penicillium, actinomycete and limewater on Fusarium oxysporum were studied. The result showed: penicillium, actinomycete and limewater had the different Inhibition on the mycelium growth of F. oxysporum, the distance of antagonism were respectively 27.35 mm, 25.70 mm and 16.83 mm, the inhibited rate were 78.36%,75.97% and 47.84%, the inhibited rate of spore germination were respectively 71.97%, 58.23% and 21.49%, in the intersection of penicillium, actinomycete and limewater between Fusarium oxysporum had no obvious hyperparasitism, the conidium of penicillium multiplicated numerously, occupied majority of the space. Penicillium had apparent effect on Fusarium oxysporum in the competition and antibioticaction, had the best inhibition.

  Effects of Temperature on Oviposition and Longevity of Adult Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella L.) 2013, 29 (12):  190-193.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2401 Abstract + ( 1061 )   PDF ( 577080KB )   ( 1058 ) Oviposition and longevity of the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella L. at 15, 20, 25, 30, 35℃ temperatures were monitored in laboratory experiments. The mean preoviposition and oviposition periods were in negative relation to temperature. The mean number of eggs laid by moth decreased dramatically and 37.5% adult females failed to oviposit at 35℃, compared to other tested temperatures. Eighty percent of total eggs were laid in the first 3 days after the moths beginning to oviposit at each temperature, and the period of time for so many eggs to be laid became shorter with temperature increasing. Longevity of the adult females of the moth decreased from 46.4 days at 15℃ to 3.6 days at 35℃, negatively correlating with temperature (r=-0.981, P<0.05). Based on the above results, patterns of population dynamics of the diamondback moth were discussed.

  Preliminary Study of Wheat Leaf Rust Disease using NBS profiling 2013, 29 (12):  194-200.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2479 Abstract + ( 711 )   PDF ( 1172490KB )   ( 678 ) In order to study the feasibility of NBS profiling in leaf rust resistance gene, fifteen near-isogenic lines (NILs) and the susceptible parent Thatcher were selected as materials in the study. The NBS profiling system was established in wheat successfully and the polymorphism was analyzed. In the meanwhile, the TcLr35 wheat containing wheat leaf rust resistance gene Lr35 and Thatcher was used for the cDNA NBS profiling in order to uncover the RGA fragments related to Lr35 gene in the transcriptional level. The experimental results showed that the combination of MseⅠ/NBS2, MseⅠ/NBS5, MseⅠ/NBS7 could amplify the polymorphic bands and the rate of polymorphism was 26.4%, 26.4%, 23.5% respectively among the sixteen combinations of enzyme/primer; Fifty-two combinations of enzyme/primer were used to screen the specific fragment using cDNA NBS profiling between resistant and susceptible materials; several combinations could reflect the difference in TcLr35 and Thatcher. These results indicated that NBS profiling could be used for the study of wheat leaf rust resistance gene, which was the foundation to screen the wheat leaf rust resistance gene and the molecular markers..

  The Synergism Evaluation of Trichoderma harzianum Interaction with Boscalid to Botrytis cinerea 2013, 29 (12):  201-205.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3385 Abstract + ( 935 )   PDF ( 648856KB )   ( 655 ) The aim of this study was conducted to explore the evaluation method of synegism of fungicide interaction with Trichoderma to plant disease. The inhibitory effect of T. harzianum interaction with five different mechanism fungicides to Botrytis cinerea was respectively determined with confrontation, spore suspension and the detached leaf method. Verification the synegrism through interaction coefficient beyond one in plate, simultaneously, the EC50 differences multiples beyond two of protective effect of interaction and the EC50 differences multiples beyond ten of therapeutic effect of interaction in detached leaf. The control efficiency of fungicide interaction with Trichoderma to gray mold higher than fungicide and Trichoderma used alone by three methods, using interaction coefficient valuation of the synergistic effect was boscalid, azoxystrobin, fludioxonil, SYP-048 interaction with Trichoderma, except fluazinam, and consistent of validation by detached leaf. Interaction coefficient as a evaluation standard of synergistic effect of T. harzianum interaction with chemical pesticides were scientific and reasonable, it could be used as the base of application for interaction control of B. cinerea in production.

  Effect of xylanase on dough rheology properties 2013, 29 (12):  206-211.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4063 Abstract + ( 860 )   PDF ( 650808KB )   ( 634 ) The effects of xylanase on dough extensibility were studied using the Kieffer test of TA-XT Plus to determine the dough extensibility (Ex) and the resistance to stretching ( Rmax). The study showed that the Rmax of dough decreased and the Ex at Rmax increased with the dosage of xylanase increased. Xylanase softened and slacked the dough of wheat flour. At the same time, the effect of xylanase on different kinds of wheat dough rheology properties is different. the effect of different sources of xylanase on the same wheat dough rheology properties is different.

  Study on NIR Spectral Detection Model of Rice Protein Content 2013, 29 (12):  212-216.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3913 Abstract + ( 878 )   PDF ( 729006KB )   ( 923 ) An effective NIR spectral detection model of rice content was explored, and effective wavelengths for the detection of rice protein content between 1100~2500nm were found. Area normalization method was used to preprocess the spectrum. Principal components regression (PCR) was used to build the regression model, effective wavelengths were selected by Martens’ uncertainty test. We found that different kinds of rice flour can be distinguished well using principal components analysis. Varieties and quality of rice can be identified according to the sample scores along principal components. Regression model based on all wavelengths has the regression coefficient r=0.9923, RMSE=0.0747 in training set, r=0.9399, RMSE=0.2103 in cross validation set, and r=0.9364, RMSE=0.1607 in prediction set. Regression model based on effective wavelengths has the regression coefficient r=0.9899, RMSE=0.0854 in training set, r=0.9437, RMSE=0.2004 in cross validation set, and r=0.9079, RMSE=0.1796 in prediction set. It is feasible to detect rice protein content using NIR spectroscopy. It is also feasible to select effective wavelengths using Martens’ uncertainty test and to detect rice protein content using these effective wavelengths.

  Establishment and Validation of Growth Predictive Model of Pseudomonas from Chilled Marbled Meat 2013, 29 (12):  217-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3632 Abstract + ( 870 )   PDF ( 596805KB )   ( 601 ) In order to establish the predictive models, the plate count of Pseudomonas with selective medium (CFC agar) was developed. The predictive growth primary model of Pseudomonas was got through fitting the growth kinetics curve of chilled marbled meat under 0~20℃. The Square-root model and Arrhenius model were describe d the relationship between temperature and maximum specific growth rate, lag phase, and built the predictive secondary model of Pseudomonas. The results showed that, the regression coefficient (R2>0.99), accurate factor (Af) and bias factor (Bf) were close to 1.0, the lag phase (LPD) and maximum specific growth rate (U) ranged from 1.6996 to 0.1212 and from 0.5782 to 3.3751, respectively. Moreover, the regression coefficient (R2) of the maximum specific growth rate and lag phase in Square-root model was higher than Arrhenius model, the growth kinetics model provided a useful and accurate method of predicting the growth changes of Pseudomonas from 0℃ to 20℃.