Current issue

• 2013 Vol.29 No.13 Published:05 May 2013

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  Plantation Woodlands for Biodiversity Maintenance and Enhancing Ecosystem Servicesin Agricultural Landscape 2013, 29 (13):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4149 Abstract + ( 998 )   PDF ( 637086KB )   ( 710 ) This paper briefly describes the status, issues and potential challenges facing of woodland in the agricultural landscape. Then, the critical role of woodland and trees scattered in biodiversity maintenance and multiple-use is examined. On this basis, optimize the configuration of the structure, which determine the function of they play, at both site and landscape levels is raised. We argued that by upgrading and enhancing of the woodland throughout agricultural landscape may promote the protection of biodiversity and ecosystem services enhancements. We identified key factors which determining the functions of woodland and trees scattered in agricultural landscape are type, size, shape, physical structure and tree species, as well as their practice dynamics at both field and landscape levels. Finally, aimed at ecosystem services management and project design, how to achieve the multi-purpose plantations are discussed, and some advices are given for promoting the multifunctional woodland development and avoiding becoming “green deserts”.

  Relationship Between Vigor of Trees and Concentrations of Nutrients in Soils and Plant Tissues of a Veteran Platycladus orientalis Tree Stand 2013, 29 (13):  9-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0176 Abstract + ( 1013 )   PDF ( 539459KB )   ( 709 ) The concentrations of macronutrients in samples of surrounding soils and plant tissues of veteran oriental arborvitae (Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco) trees in Zhongshan Park in Beijing were measured. The relationship between the concentrations of the nutrients and the vigor of trees was analyzed using statistics methods. The results show that the pH, water content, and the concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg of soils are not significantly different. In samples of roots, except for the concentration of K in the dormant season, concentrations of other macronutrients are not significantly different. The concentrations of Ca in leaves are significantly different between groups of trees with different ages in the growing season. Differences in concentrations of other macronutrients, chlorophyll, and total soluble sugar in leaves are not significant in different groups of oriental arborvitae trees no matter it is in growing or dormant season. In conclusion, it is difficult to use the concentrations of nutrients of veteran trees to represent their health status. The judgment of their health status has to rely on visual inspection in the near future.

  Effects of Drought Stress and Recovery on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Salix rosthornii Seemen 2013, 29 (13):  14-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0747 Abstract + ( 1011 )   PDF ( 819564KB )   ( 776 ) In order to ascertain the drought tolerant characteristics of fluctuating zone plants Nanchuan willow (Salix rosthornii Seemen), and provide theoretical basis for fluctuating zone population structure and plant selection, a pot experiment was conducted on Nanchuan willow 1-year-old seedings under water control drought stress. Leaf relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA) and a series of physiological indicators related to plant drought tolerance and resistance to oxidation activity changes were measured. The results indicated that: (1) Nanchuan willow seedling leaves had strong moisture retention capacity under drought stress and relatively fast recovery after re-watering; (2) 10 days and 20 days of drought stress had no significant effects on EL and MDA. With the continued drought stress, EL and MDA increased significantly; (3) the overall trend of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity under drought stress was first increased and then decreased. CAT was the most sensitive to drought stress, while POD was relatively insensitive. After re-watering 20 days, all three enzyme activities started to recovery, but not to the level of the control group.

  Studies on the Relationship Between Water Storage of Pore of Forest Soil and Holding Capacity in Changtan Provincial Nature Reserve 2013, 29 (13):  20-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3948 Abstract + ( 992 )   PDF ( 574179KB )   ( 733 ) In order to establish cost-effective water resource conservation forest and precisely evaluate the forest ecosystem service, the relationships between water storage of pore of forest soil and holding capacity for 0-1 m depth soil in Changtan Provincial Nature Reserve in Guangdong Province were studied. The results showed that: the extant water storage was affected significantly by the total water storage, the capillary storage and the non-capillary storage, whereas the available water storage was only affected significantly by the non-capillary storage. The relationship between capillary storage and the extant water storage were negatively correlative and the others were positively correlative.

  Evaluation on Climate Suitability of Camellia oleifera Abe1. in Northwest Guangxi 2013, 29 (13):  24-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4038 Abstract + ( 1098 )   PDF ( 1585508KB )   ( 880 ) In order to discuss climate change influence on climatic suitability of Camellia in Hechi and improve the climate regionalization to provide suggestion for reasonable layout, based on the relationship between climate condition and growth of Camellia in Hechi, the climatic suitable regional indexes for Camellia planting were selected. On the basis of geographic information, climate data of 21 meteorological stations in Hechi and its nearby stations from 1961 to 2010, the climatic models were established. Different meteorological factors were interpolated on a 100 m×100 m grid and Hechi Camellia climatic suitable regionalization was finished by the technique of GIS and expert scoring method. The results showed that: except part north, most of Hechi were most suitable or suitable area, and because of the climate change, the area which was most suitable or suitable for planting Camellia would increase, and extend to north.

  The Cultivation Technology Research on Populus×euramericana cv. Quanhong in Beijing Area 2013, 29 (13):  31-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3864 Abstract + ( 771 )   PDF ( 524320KB )   ( 841 ) In order to explore if Populus×euramericana cv. Quanhong in the Beijing area can be successfully introduced, the author adopted the breeding method, the field observation method, the pigment measurement method, the resistance analysis method, the market research, and so on. Many studies were conducted on Populus×euramericana cv. Quanhong introduced from Puyang, He’nan Province to the Beijing area. The results showed that: Populus×euramericana cv. Quanhong could normally grow, and complete the activity cycle of its full life. It could be easily propagated, the reproductive survival rate of its high graft was 83%, that of low graft was 85%, that of the hard branch cutting was 88%. The plant was colorful and stable, the anthocyanin content was high, the value of the anthocyanin content was 0.0383 mg/g, and 83.25% higher than Zhonghongyang with the purple leaves, and 100.52% higher than Jiayang (Populus canadensis Moench) with the green leaves. The resistance performance was good, and was hardy and resistant of barren. The economic value was high, the price of the high graft seedlings was 2 times higher than Zhonghongyang in the market. According to the judgment based on the introduction standard, Populus×euramericana cv. Quanhong could be successful introduced in the Beijing area, and meanwhile, for 2 years of cultivation and observation, the key points of cultivation and management techniques of the Populus×euramericana cv. Quanhong were achieved, and the references for the further propagation and cultivation were provided.

  Study on the Seedling Breeding Technique of Picea mongolica in Sandy Areas 2013, 29 (13):  35-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4004 Abstract + ( 823 )   PDF ( 567777KB )   ( 661 ) Picea mongolica is an endemic species in China. In order to better protect this plant resources, using the orthogonal experimental design method, the seedling emergence rate at the different burial depths, planting density and cover material were researched under field condition. The results showed that: the best combination for tests was that the 10 mm burial depths and 300 per row sowing density with the river sand cover material, and the germination rate of combination was also the highest. In the arid desert region, burial depths and cover material had significant influence on the seedling emergence rate of Picea mongolica, planting density also had some influence in a way.

  Vegetative Growth Evaluation and Selection of Different Varieties of ?Lycium in Dry Sand Land 2013, 29 (13):  40-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3707 Abstract + ( 783 )   PDF ( 586210KB )   ( 659 ) In order to select suitable Lycium varieties for cultivating in dry sand land in arid and semiarid region of Gansu Province and northwest China, 10 varieties of Lycium were introduced from Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, and their cultural contrast tests were carried out. Using evaluation method of reasonable-satisfaction and multidimensional value theory combination rules, the vegetative growth indices of height, ground diameter, crown width and branch number of young tree of each variety were conducted quantitative comparison. The results showed that: Ningqi No.5 performed best on vegetative growth in juvenile period, next was Mengqi No.1 and Bianguogouqi, all of them could be varieties of ecological function for popularizing in dry sand land.

  Effects of Sewage Sludge on Leaf Traits and Photosynthesis of 4 Greening Plants 2013, 29 (13):  44-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4160 Abstract + ( 976 )   PDF ( 870141KB )   ( 651 ) Leaf traits and photosynthesis index of 4 greening plants in planting pots with different ratio of sewage sludge have been studies in this paper. The results indicated that the response of leaf traits and photosynthesis physiology of Catalpa bignonioides ‘Aurea’ and Photinia × fraseri were strong at 25.0% concentration treatment. They could improve their special leaf area, net photosynthesis rate and chlorophyll content. Malus ‘Purple’ were also performance the similarity physiology response under at 12.5% concentration treatment. In contrast, the response of Sapium sebiferum were worst and their physiological performance were decreased with the increase of sewage sludge content. In conclusion, we suggested that less than 25.0% content of raw sludge could use when planting greening plant and the response of Catalpa bignonioides ‘Aurea’ and Photinia × fraseri would better.

  Moisture Content and Temperature Changes of Wood During Adsorption Processes 2013, 29 (13):  51-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3968 Abstract + ( 1164 )   PDF ( 740236KB )   ( 1235 ) In order to study moisture content and temperature changes of wood during moisture sorption, adsorption processes of poplar (Populus euramericana Cv.) with size of 20 mm (T)×20 mm (R)×2 mm (L) were investigated from oven-dry state to three different relative humidity conditions of 22%, 47%, and 75% at 30℃. A self-designed temperature chamber was used and thermal images were taken at certain time intervals during the processes. The result showed that: at the beginning of adsorption process, moisture content of the specimens increased significantly, and their average temperatures rose 2-5.5℃ as well. Along with adsorption, the moisture content and average temperature of the specimens were gradually approaching the equilibrium state. The temperature for surface layer along the longitudinal direction of the specimens was higher than that for center layer, and the temperature difference between the surface and center reached the maximum value of 0.8℃ at the first 90 s of the adsorption process and eventually reduced to 0.02℃ at equilibrium state.

  The Study on Meteorological Forecast Methods of Dendrolimus Occurrence Area in Liaoning 2013, 29 (13):  56-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3757 Abstract + ( 1013 )   PDF ( 560579KB )   ( 794 ) In order to forecast the occurrence area of Dendrolimus by using meteorological factors, the author analyzed the relationships between meteorological factors and occurrence area of Dendrolimus with the data from 1983 to 2008 in Fuxin County, Liaoning. The occurrence area of Dendrolimus was simulated and predict on the selected meteorological factors as forecast factors, using multiple element regression and artificial neural network methods. The results showed that: 5 meteorological factors were significantly correlated with the occurrence area, including the mean minimum temperature of preceding December, the mean relative humidity of preceding November, the precipitation of preceding September, the precipitation of current February and current March. The simulation and prediction accuracy rate of the artificial neural network method was better than that of the multiple element regression method, the multiple element regression method reached over 58.2% while the artificial neural network method reached over 83.6%. The artificial neural network method was more appropriate for the occurrence area forecast of Dendrolimus in Liaoning.

  Woodland Hydrological Effects of Diffrerent Forest Types and Its Ecological Function Value Evaluation of Water Resources Conservation in Xiaowutai Mountain, Hebei 2013, 29 (13):  60-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3854 Abstract + ( 968 )   PDF ( 611687KB )   ( 660 ) In order to explore the woodland water resources conservation mechanism and the ecological function value of different forest types in Xiaowutai Mountain, through the field investigation and indoor experiment, the author measured the woodland hydrological effects of 7 types of forests in Xiaowutai Mountain, and used the shadow pricing method to evaluate their ecological function value of water resources conservation. The results showed that: 1) the variation range of maximum water holding capacity (MWHC) of litter was 119.46-293.62 t/hm2, MWHC and cumulated mass (CM) showed a same gradation. 2) The variation range of MWHC of soil horizon was 3463.05-3941.05 t/hm2, MWHC of mixed Larix olgensis-Betula platyphylla forest was maximum (3941.05 t/hm2), it was approximately 1.41 times of Pinus tabulaeformis forest. 3) Through comprehensive analysis of MWHC of litter layer and soil horizon, it concluded that quantity gradation of 7 types of forests was: Larix olgensis-Betula platyphylla mixed forest＞Larix olgensis-Picea meyeri-Betula platyphylla mixed forest＞Betula platyphylla-Picea meyeri mixed forest＞Subalpine meadow＞Betula platyphylla forest＞Larix olgensis forest＞Pinus tabulaeformis forest, and soil horizon had maximal contribution which MWHC occupied more than 92% of total storage. 4) Through the medium of shadow pricing method, quantity of water resources conservation ecologically functional value of woodland in Xiaowutai Mountain was about 14465.86 yuan/hm2, totally was 315.83 million yuan, value of water resources conservation of mixed Larix olgensis-Betula platyphylla forest was maximum (15377.53 yuan/hm2), it was approximately 1.61 times of Pinus tabulaeformis forest.

  Preliminary Study on Seed Plant Flora and Their Ecological Characteristic of Lanxin Double-line Railway 2013, 29 (13):  66-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4092 Abstract + ( 825 )   PDF ( 497721KB )   ( 584 ) In order to analyze the composition and feature of spermatophyte genera of Lanxin Double-line railway, we conducted a survey. The results showed that there were 55 species, 52 genera and 18 families, they were dominantly composed of dicotyledons and the ecotypes mainly consist of xerophytes, this situation results from long adaptation to dry natural environments. The investigation of the plant resources and distribution in Lanxin Double-line railway would provide scientific basis for preventing disaster such as soil erosion, wind erosion and protecting the plant resources.

  Research Progress of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus 2013, 29 (13):  70-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3967 Abstract + ( 1479 )   PDF ( 581068KB )   ( 877 ) This paper resume tomato yellow leaf curl virus(TYLCV) diseases symptom, identification and taxonomy of virus, occurrence and control; Summarized TYLCV mainly occurred in the tropics and subtropics, it is spreading from south to north in China, its main cause serious harm in tomato production; According to the recent status of internal and external research works on this disease, spread trait and epidemic factor of TYLCV; Proposed comprehensive control measures that take cultural control as foundation both use chemical control and biological control, and by using molecular biology method to speed up the process of resistance breeding, such as genetic engineering, etc; Analysis shows that increase the strength of resistance breeding and then cultivated stable resistant varieties was a effective method to control and reduce the harm of the disease.

  Advance of Research on Flesh Color Related Pigment Metabolism in Kiwifruit 2013, 29 (13):  77-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3477 Abstract + ( 1056 )   PDF ( 590580KB )   ( 993 ) Kiwifruit, which contains many unique and interesting flavor and nutritional value, are popular among consumers. In this paper, we summarized kiwifruit fruit flesh color, flesh color changes in the development process, the change of the microstructure, the types of pigment substances and change, as well as chlorophyll and carotenoid pathway and its molecular regulation mechanism. Finally, the problems of study about fruit flesh color at the present stage were proposed, and the prospects were predicted as well.

  Progress on Breeding Study of Cymbidium hybrid 2013, 29 (13):  86-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3203 Abstract + ( 926 )   PDF ( 455011KB )   ( 692 ) Being Orchidaceae plants, Cymbidium hybrid possessed high worth for viewing and commerce. This article summarized the research progress on cross breeding, mutation breeding and genetic engineering of Cymbidium hybridum. The studies on the karyotype analysis applications, the choice of hybrid parents, molecular marker-assisted selection and genetic engineering were reviewed. Finally, the author put forward that using tissue culture as the main means to carry out a variety of ways in orchids breeding had broad prospects.

  Application and Development of Super Absorbent Polymers in Soilless Cultivation 2013, 29 (13):  90-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3630 Abstract + ( 1117 )   PDF ( 581942KB )   ( 867 ) Abstract: Because of their ultra-high water-absorption and water-retention,Super absorbent polymers have been widely used in various fields and will show more and more broad prospects in soilless cultivation.This article firstly reviewed the high water-absorption, water-retention and fertility preserving capability of super absorbent polymers;Secondly briefed their water absorbing mechanism;Then from the angle of culture media summarized their application conditions in soilless cultivation,inclued that they were used with other culture medium as water and fertilizer retention agent and alonely used as a kind of culture media—crystal mud；Finally the author offered several major developing directions to promote their application on a large scale in soilless cultivation.

  Effect of Different Soil Moisture Regimes on Enzyme Activities of Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism at the Maturity Stage in Flue-cured Tobacco Lin Yechun 2013, 29 (13):  95-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3806 Abstract + ( 990 )   PDF ( 653052KB )   ( 693 ) Maturity stage is subcritical period of water demand for flue-cured tobacco. This study was to demonstrate effect of different soil moisture regimes at the maturity stage on enzyme activities of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in flue-cured tobacco in field. The results showed that: soil water deficit (50%-60% maximum field capacity) would decrease the chlorophyll content of tobacco leaves; chlorophyll content of tobacco leaves was higher when soil moisture was adequate (80%-85% maximum field capacity), however, tobacco leaves slowly matured; re-watering faded away premature of tobacco leaves by drought stress. Activities of nitrate reductase, invertase and amylase were higher in moister soil than in droughty soil; nonetheless, amylase would increase when re-watering, to some degree.

  Form Transformation of Added Arsenic in Three Types of Soils and Distribution in the Tobacco 2013, 29 (13):  100-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0038 Abstract + ( 994 )   PDF ( 602456KB )   ( 718 ) In order to research the speciation transformation of added arsenic and the influence on the adsorption of arsenic by the tobacco in different types of soils, using the method combined pot experiment with chemical analysis to research the speciation transformation and distribution characteristics of added arsenic, and the distribution of the added arsenic in tobacco in red soil, purple soil and paddy soil. The results show, there are significant differences in the adsorption of tobacco to the arsenic in different types of soils, to indicate the differences of the soil have great influence on the utilization of the tobacco to arsenic enriched. Among the results, all the arsenic adsorption is the highest to each parts of the tobacco in red soil , it’s the lowest in purple soil. Further to say, arsenic had higher activity in the red soil. The trend of arsenic’s distribution in the tobacco is root > lower leaves > middle leaves lower leaves > stems. After added arsenic stayed in different types of soil, the residual fraction is the main combined form, the difference of the proportion of the absorbing state of plant is less, the proportion of the exchangeability is the highest in red soil, it’s the lowest in purple soil, but the proportion of the carbonate-bound is the highest in purple soil. Each form distribution is basically stable in 15 days, the other form will partly shift to the absorbing state with the time accumulation.

  Optimization of Lactuca sativa L. Real-time PCR system 2013, 29 (13):  106-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3317 Abstract + ( 1131 )   PDF ( 734232KB )   ( 662 ) In order to establish a method Real-time PCR for gene expression quantity study of Lactuca sative L.,with leaves of Lactuca sativa L. (S24) as material, we used SYBR GreenⅠmethod, compared two pairs of primers 18SR1/18SR2 in 10μL and 20μL reaction system related index though the amplification of Real-time PCR，the standard curve of Real-time PCR and the melt curve of Real-time PCR.Choose the optimal Real-time PCR system and house keeping gene primers in Lactuca sativa L.

  Physiological Responds of Tomato Seedlings to Early Colonization by Single Strain and Compound Strains Arbucular Mycorrhizal Fungi 2013, 29 (13):  114-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3401 Abstract + ( 1257 )   PDF ( 767462KB )   ( 819 ) The aim of the present research was to determine early physiological and biochemical dynamic change in tomato seedlings inoculated arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Under greenhouse conditions total 3 treatments were designed: inoculation with Glomus mosseae(S), inoculation with Glomus etunicatum, Glomus mosseae and Glomus versiforme(M), and non-inoculation control(CK). The results showed that the colonization percentage, root length, the root of tomatoes fresh weight, leaf soluble protein content, POD and SOD activity in leaves in M were significantly higher than that of S, while the leaf chlorophyll content was lower in the former than in the latter. By single strain G. m invaded and by the group S, G. m+ G. e+ G. v composite strains infect M to evaluate the effect of infecting significant difference between the time period for CK group in eight days after infection, and a certain degree of sustainability. Predictably, AM fungi of tomato effect was infecting many aspects, single strain and compound strains infect effect had obvious difference. It is suggested that the physiological responds of tomato seedlings to early colonization by arbucular mycorrhizal fungi should be different from the responds in middle or later growth period. This needed to be further studied.

  Identification and bioinformatics analysis of the SnRK2 gene family in apple(Malus×domestica Borkh.) 2013, 29 (13):  120-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3447 Abstract + ( 1134 )   PDF ( 1961090KB )   ( 929 ) SnRK2 (sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinases 2) is a class of Ser/Thr protein kinase, which is unique to plants, involving in many signaling transductions and playing important roles in regulating environmental stress reponses. In this article, we employed the method of HMMER and phylogenetic tree, identified 16 SnRK2 members in apple genome, then we predicted and analyzed the evolutionary relationship, physical and chemical characteristics, secondary structures, motif, C-terminus sequences and EST, we also analyzed the relationship of apple SnRK2 gene family with those in Arabidopsis, rice, and maize. The result showed that the genes identified in apple, Arabidopsis, rice and maize are classified to three subfamilies, and analysis of phylogenetic tree, motif and C-terminus sequences showed that apple SnRK2 protein kinases are highly conserved comparing with those in other species. This research provides a bioinformatics foundation for the functions of the SnRK2 gene family in apple.

  Analysis of Differences for Anthocyanins in Fruit of Pomegranate 2013, 29 (13):  128-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3412 Abstract + ( 847 )   PDF ( 608730KB )   ( 891 ) In order to find types and difference of anthocyanins in the peel and pulp of pomegranate, a high performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) and HPLC electrospray ionization multiple mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MSn) methods were employed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of anthocyanins. The results showed that: 10 anthocyanins were detected at 525 nm from 11 different origins of the ornamental or edible pomegranate peel and pulp, Delphinidin 3-pentoside and Peonidin -3-hexoside were first detected from pomegranate. It was not relativity in contents of anthocyanins in peel and pulp, and anthocyanins were not the same. The inspection found in several kinds of materials, anthocyanins contents in pulp of ornamental pomegranate were higher than in peel, and in peel of edible varieties were higher than in pulp.

  Different Media on the Tissue Culture of Dendrobium officinale 2013, 29 (13):  133-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3594 Abstract + ( 964 )   PDF ( 769773KB )   ( 922 ) Using the stem of the Dendrobium officinale as explants, the effects of the MS medium with different concentrations of hormone on induction, proliferation, differentitation and taking root were studied. The result showed that MS+ 6-BA 0.5 mg/L+ NAA 1.5 mg/L was the suitable medium for the protocorm induction, the rate was 95%; MS+ 6-BA 1 mg/L+ NAA 1 mg/L was the ideal medium for the protocorm proliferation; MS+ 6-BA 5 mg/L+ NAA 1 mg/L was the best medium for the protocorm differentitation, the rate was 80%; MS+IBA 1.5 mg/L+ banana 100 g/L was the right medium for inducing the root growth, the rate was 100%.

  Study on Tissue Culture in Vitro and Regeneration System of Zephyranthes candida 2013, 29 (13):  140-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3423 Abstract + ( 959 )   PDF ( 822361KB )   ( 672 ) The study aimed to establishment of regeneration system and getting healthy plantlet through optimizing in vitro culture condition. The regeneration system of Zephyranthes candida was established in this paper by using leaves, scale leaves and terminal bud as explants in vitro culture. The results showed that terminal bud was optimum explants for induction. The optimum medium for induction and proliferation of rosette buds was MS+ TDZ 0.5 mg/L+ NAA 0.1 mg/L, followed by MS+ 6-BA 0.5 mg/L + NAA 0.1 mg/L. The rooting medium was 1/2MS+ IBA 0.5 mg/L, the rooting rate reached 100%. The system proved a technological foundation for industrialized production of Zephyranthes candida.

  Genetic Diversities from 11 Camellia Cultivars Based on ITS Approach 2013, 29 (13):  145-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3556 Abstract + ( 1088 )   PDF ( 1012700KB )   ( 835 ) In order to investigate genetic diversities of 11 representative Camellia cultivars in Wenzhou, the author performed the ITS-PCR (internal translation spacer, ITS), multiple sequence alignment and phylogenesis analyses. The results represented that: the sizes of amplified ITS sequences from 11 samples were between 640 bp and 668 bp (including ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) with high sequence identities and polymorphism. Based on NJ and ME analyses(MEGA 5.0 software; Bootstrap, 1000), phylogenetic tree from 11 samples showed that 10 samples clustered together while sample Shijing MD isolated alone. In 10 samples clade, two samples (Fendan and Liujiao DH) clustered closely and formed one subclade while other 8 samples did another. The results disclosed that: among 11 samples, Shijing MD had biggest genetic distance, 2 samples (Fendan and Liujiao DH) did second, while other 8 samples had relatively close genetic relationships. Of these 8 samples, sample Fuse YLJ had more and more close genetic relationships with Lichun BB, Shizi X, Wuxia Y, Fenxia, Dadong FL, Manao, Yanzhi L, respectively. The tree structure from N-J was highly agreement with that from ME, which implied the phylogenetic tree could really reveal relationships among 11 samples.Key words: Camellia; ITS; Genetic Polymorphism

  Research on Absorptive Characteristic of Indoor Ornamental Plant on Formaldehyde 2013, 29 (13):  150-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3288 Abstract + ( 1027 )   PDF ( 493644KB )   ( 725 ) In order to provide the scientific evidence for the method to determine different absorption capacity on formaldehyde of indoor ornamental plants. The author chose 4 species of indoor ornamental plants. Pot and soil were separated from the haulm and put into a self-designed fumigating box to conduct formaldehyde experiment. The author measured the change of formaldehyde and the plant leaf area before and after the experiment, and compared the ability of the 4 plants to absorb formaldehyde based on the reduction of formaldehyde in the unit leaf area. The results showed that: (1) their absorption capacity was as follows: Plectranthus tomentosa>Peperomia tetraphylla>Aspargus plumosus. (2) Tradescantia zebrine was particularly sensitive to formaldehyde, which could be used for monitoring formaldehyde. (3) When the formaldehyde concentration of 6 mg/m3 and 12 mg/m3, Plectranthus tomentosa, Peperomia tetraphylla and Aspargus plumosus absorbed the amount of formaldehyde with formaldehyde concentration multiply and multiply. But when the formaldehyde concentration was 24 mg/m3, Plectranthus tomentosa and Tradescantia zebrine on formaldehyde absorption rate declined gradually. While the Peperomia tetraphylla of formaldehyde absorption rate remained at a steady state.

  Studies on Seeds Germination and Ploidy levels of Lilium speciosum var. gloriosoides 2013, 29 (13):  153-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4166 Abstract + ( 888 )   PDF ( 1563701KB )   ( 728 ) Lilium speciosum var. gloriosoides, which is widely distributing in Zhejiang Province and some other domestic areas.The seeds of induction and germination medium adding different concentration of hormones were studied, the MS basal medium without any hormones was used as control. The germination rate, shoot induction rate,,number of shoots inducted were measured growth of plantlets were observed during the experiment Besides, the seeds gernated plantlets were analyzed using the conventional chromosome preparation in this paper. The results showed that medium adding hormones could enhance the germination rate significantly, the optimum medium was MS media supplemented with 6-BA 1.0 mg.L-1 and NAA 0.1 mg.L-1，the germination percentage, induction rate and average indefinite buds were 88.3%,88.9% and 2.5, respectively. Seeds without peeling treatment did not germinate after inoculating 30 days at all. The seedlings growing 60 days were transferred to MS medium, the growth condition sustained as before. More than 93% seeds belonged to epigeal germination style, only some seeds inoculated only in high concentrations 6-BA(about 1.0 mg.L-1) and low concentration NAA(about 0.1～0.2 mg.L-1) displayed a hypogeal germination styles. The ploidy levels of seeds induction plantlets were diploid(2n=2x=24), and no genetic variation was found.

  Effect of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizers on Flue-cured Tobacco Chemical Quality 2013, 29 (13):  158-162.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3829 Abstract + ( 1024 )   PDF ( 558824KB )   ( 806 ) In order to solve the problem of new flue-cured tobacco varieties to promote the process of fertilization, taking ‘Yunyan 97’ as experimental material, Field trials were conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and ratio of N to K on flue-cured tobacco chemical quality. The results indicated that, effects of nitrogen rate, ratio N to K, and their interaction on tobacco chemical compositions, chemical harmony indices and chemical harmony score were up to significant levels. With the nitrogen rate increased, tobacco chemical harmony score(CHS) increased first then decreased. With the ratio of N to K decreased, tobacco chemical harmony score (CHS) increased. In all these treatments, treatment of nitrogen rate 180 kg/hm2, and ratio of N to K reached 1:3 was of best comprehensive chemical quality, followed by the treatment of nitrogen 180 kg/hm2, ratio of N to K reached 1:2.5. In Chaling County, to obtain get tobacco with good chemical quality, to be N 180 kg/hm2 was recommended with a ratio of N to K of 1:(2.5-3).

  Effect of Different Soil Moisture Regimes at the Maturity Stage on Content of Carbonand Nitrogen Compounds in Flue-Cured Tobacco Lin Yechun 2013, 29 (13):  163-167.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3890 Abstract + ( 838 )   PDF ( 608693KB )   ( 799 ) Maturity stage is subcritical period of water demand for flue-cured tobacco. This study was to demonstrate effect of different soil moisture regimes at the maturity stage on content of total sugar, reducing sugar, starch, total nitrogen and alkaloid in flue-cured tobacco in field. The results showed that: with soil moisture content of 70% to 85%, the flue-cured tobacco had high contents of tobacco total sugar, reducing sugar and starch at the late growing stage (after transplanting approximately 83 d); drought stress decreased carbon metabolism, however, after the drought re-watering enhanced carbon metabolism. When soil moisture content of 70% to 85%, total nitrogen and nicotine levels was lower; drought stress promoted nitrogen metabolism, and total nitrogen and nicotine content was increased; while re-watering after drought stress, contents of tobacco leaf nitrogen and nicotine was in the middle level. At the maturity stage of tobacco, soil moisture was too high or too low, not to facilitate the coordination of the balance between tobacco leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolism.

  Correlation analyses between biomass, active components and agronomic traits of Bergenia purpurascens 2013, 29 (13):  168-172.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3937 Abstract + ( 816 )   PDF ( 489262KB )   ( 619 ) Abstract: The correlations between biomass, active components and agronomic traits of different resources of Bergenia purpurascens in Yunnan province were explored for the first time. It was showed that there was a very significant positive correlation (P<0.01) between dry weight of rhizomes per plant, total dry weight of plant and plant height, diameter of rhizomes. A significant positive correlation (P<0.05) between dry weight of leaves per plant and plant height and a very significant positive correlation (P<0.01) between dry weight of leaves per plant and diameter of rhizomes per plant were found too. There also was a significant positive correlation (P<0.05) between the yield of bergenin per plant and diameter of rhizomes, although there was no significant correlation between the yield of bergenin per plant and other agronomic traits. No significant correlation between content of bergenin in the rhizomes, the yield of arbutin in the leaves and 7 agronomic traits was found. A significant negative correlation (P<0.05) between content of arbutin in the leaves and plant height was found. Although there was no significant negative correlation between content of arbutin in leaves and other agronomic traits, however, a significant negative correlation trend was found between them. Plant height and diameter of rhizomes are the two important agronomic traits for screening and breeding new varieties of B. purpurascens.

  The Identification and Application of Dwarf Mutation bndf-1 in Brassica napus 2013, 29 (13):  173-177.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3291 Abstract + ( 973 )   PDF ( 1508046KB )   ( 632 ) Dwarfism in oilseed rape is one of the main strategies to improve lodging resistance and be suitable for the mechanized operation. A dwarf mutation bndf-1with plant height of about 75cm discovered from hybrid offspring showed obviously decreased height and increased numbers of primary branches in comparison with the wild type. The mutant also showed other values such as compact construct, strong stem stalk and as well as much more primary branches than the wild type. Genetic analysis on F1 and F2 populations derived from reciprocal crosses between bndf-1 with high-stalk lines 0003 and 0826, respectively, indicated that the dwarfism was controlled by an incomplete dominant gene. In addition, the analysis of F1 yield traits indicated that the dwarfism of bndf-1 has great potential to be used in breeding.

  Effect of Combined Application of Organic Nitrogen and Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield, Quality of celery and soil Nitrate Content 2013, 29 (13):  178-181.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4123 Abstract + ( 764 )   PDF ( 551244KB )   ( 547 ) A field plot experiment was conducted in Tianjin to study the effect of different ratio organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on yield, quality of celery and soil nitrate content. The results showed: the different ratio of organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen could increase the yield, improve the quality and decrease the soil nitrate content. In this study, yield of 50% ratio of organic nitrogen treatment was 121327 kg/hm2, higher than other treatments, contracted with 100%N treatment, increased by 9.01%; the Vc content was 108.6 mg/kg, increased by 53.82%; nitrate of celery was 1644.4 mg/kg, decreased by 36.48%. With the ratio of organic nitrogen increased, soil organic matter was increased and soil nitrate content was decreased after celery was harvested.

  Use of Polygonum cuspidatum Cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii Cultivation Medium Optimization and Recycling of Mushroom-planted Analysis 2013, 29 (13):  182-186.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4040 Abstract + ( 861 )   PDF ( 662218KB )   ( 811 ) In order to optimize the allocation of resources, the bio-experiment of culturing Pleurotus eryngii, adding polygonum cuspidatum as the substrate, used 9 formulas to optimize the new substrate. The result of the experiment showed that, the best formula of substrate includes 55 kg of polygonum cuspidatum, 20 kg of cottonseed hull, 20 kg of wood chips, 15 kg of wheat bran, 1% of white sugar and 1% of gypsum. This paper concluded that the mushroom-planted consists of 6.20% of lipid and 8.94% of protein. According to the national standard of organic fertilize, the content of heavy metal in the waste medium was under the national level, which showed that the waste medium by adding polygonum cuspidatum to culture the Pleurotus eryngii could be recycled in the organic feeds and biological organic fertilizer. As the HPLC shows, the content of resveratrol in the fruiting body was 4.91 μg/g.

  Study on Culture Medium of Ganoderma lucidum in Zhuhai 2013, 29 (13):  187-191.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0731 Abstract + ( 1081 )   PDF ( 749003KB )   ( 827 ) In order to screen the suitable culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum in Zhuhai, four kinds of wood materials and different ratio of wood materials for Ganoderma lucidum cultivation were studied in this paper. The results showed that when cultivation with Taiwan Acacia sawdust and the ratio of wood material:cotton seed shell being 1:1, the comprehensive characters including mycelium growth, fruiting body morphology, yield and active components of Ganoderma lucidum were the best. In general, the optimized culture medium formula for Ganoderma lucidum cultivation in Zhuhai was: wood 35%, cottonseed shell 35%, wheat bran 20%, corn powder 6%, sugar 1%, gypsum 1%, calcium carbonate 1%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate1%, water 60%.

  The Influence of Different Organic manure Treatment on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristic of Matteuccia Seedlings 2013, 29 (13):  192-196.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4157 Abstract + ( 863 )   PDF ( 626218KB )   ( 541 ) In order to provide theoretical basis for large area cultivation of Matteuccia, the different organic manure treatment experiment was conducted in the artificial control of water ( the most suitable Matteuccia seedling growth) conditions, study on Matteuccia seedlings to different organic manure, different gradient fertilizer treatment reaction mechanisms and the changes of photosynthetic characteristics of Matteuccia.The results showed that the growth of Matteuccia seedlings were affected by the three different sources of organic manure,the effect of manure sort order is Composting of pig manure(Ta)> Composting of cow manure(Tb)> Composting of chicken manure(Tc),but there had no significant trend between the different manure amount.The biomass accumulation of Matteuccia aboveground part was affected by the three different sources of organic manure,the effect of manure sort order is Ta> Tb> Tc>CK, and there had significant trend between the different manure amount.For different applying organic manure,when the application of organic manure was 2000 kg?hm-2, the biomass of Matteuccia aboveground part layer was the highest. Compared with the CK， the aboveground dry weight were increased by 140.27%, 84.16%, and 45.80%,meantime the results showed that extremely significant correlation between Photosynthetic characteristics and biomass accumulation (Especially in Matteuccia above-ground dry weight).

  Study on the Cutting Technology of Callicarpa nudiflora, A Medical Plant Used by the Li People in Hainan 2013, 29 (13):  197-200.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3375 Abstract + ( 943 )   PDF ( 527454KB )   ( 750 ) In order to estimate the highly-efficient cutting technology for Callicarpa nudiflora. In the present study, the cutting technology of C. nudiflora was studied, including select the optimum age of cuttings, the cuttings diameter and study on the effect of rooting powder. The results showed that: the cuttings with two years old and 0.6-0.8 cm diameter had the highest rooting percent, up to 38.6% and 53.6%, respectively; the rooting percent could be remarkably increased by using the rooting powders studied, of which ABT7 was the best one with the highest rooting rate of 94.6%. The cutting age and diameter of C. nudiflora had significant effect on cutting rooting percent, which the cuttings with two years old and 0.6-0.8 cm diameter had the highest rooting percent; the cutting roots of C. nudiflora could be significantly promoted by the ABT6, ABT7 and ABD, of which ABT7 had the best effect.

  Analysis on Soil Nutrient of the Ancient Tea Garden of Jingmaishan and Liudachashan in Yunnan 2013, 29 (13):  201-206.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3300 Abstract + ( 1093 )   PDF ( 541601KB )   ( 747 ) The content of organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorous, available potassium of ancient tea garden soil nutrient were detected with oil bath heating potassium dichromate oxidation-dissolved method, alkali solution diffusion method and etc. in Jingmaishan and Liudachashan in order to make clear soil nutrient condition. Then, it provided the scientific basis for better protection and utilization of ancient tea garden. The results showed that the average content of the organic matter and available nitrogen of ancient tea gardens soil were higher in Jingmaishan than Liudachashan’s, but the average content of the available phosphorus and available potassium were lower in Jingmaishan than Liudachashan’s. The soil reach tea plantation soil standard ofⅠgrade in Jingmaishan ancient tea garden and Ⅱgrade in Liudachashan ancient tea garden. The coefficient of variation of the ancient tea garden soil nutrient content were available phosphorous, available nitrogen, available potassium and organic matter from large to small in Jingmaishan. The coefficient of variation of the ancient tea garden soil nutrient content were available phosphorous, available potassium, available nitrogen and organic matter from large to small in Liudachashan. The organic matter and available nitrogen were larger in jingmaishan than Liudachashan’s among coefficient of variation of soil nutrient, but available phosphorous and available potassium were smaller in Jingmaishan than Liudachashan’s. The LSD multiple comparison results showed that the average contents were different significant with organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorous, available potassium of sixteen locations ancient tea gardens in Jingmaishan and Liudachashan.

  Overview on Landscape Planning and Design on Wetland Riparian Zone 2013, 29 (13):  207-213.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4121 Abstract + ( 855 )   PDF ( 686962KB )   ( 692 ) With the rapid development of social economy and the expansion of urban and rural development, the limited natural wetland resources, which located in the suburb, have aroused strong concern in all aspects of society in recent years. Especially, wetland riparian zone, as one of the vital part of wetland, is facing increasingly serious challenges and controversies between ecological protection and development utilization. According to the principle of wetland restoration and the conception of landscape ecology, this paper firstly made a summary of ecological edge effect characteristics, landscape corridor characteristics and landscape grading characteristics in wetland riparian zone; stated that the ecological service function of wetland riparian zone contained provision, regulation, supporting and cultural services as well; then put forward the planning objectives and design principles; discussed the key points of landscape pattern space planning in overall planning level and the interconnecting and influence between each landscape patch in the longitudinal, transverse and vertical dimensional space; finally gave the suggestions of detailed design on the water, landform, vegetation and culture landscape element in wetland riparian zone. Through the above description, this paper provided a certain theoretical support and technical guidance with a view to the future of landscape planning and design in wetland restoration and construction.

  Research of Garden Plant Community Structure in Dongtan Wetland Park 2013, 29 (13):  214-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4079 Abstract + ( 1025 )   PDF ( 884186KB )   ( 688 ) The study investigated and analyzed plant community structure of 253 samples in Dongtan wetland park. The results indicated: (1)on horizontal structure, there were 86 species of woody plant belonging to 47 families, 70 genera, among which 19 species were with high important values, the ratio was 0.56:1 between evergreen and deciduous trees, local and exotic species account for 32.56% and 67.44% respectively, the average breast-height diameter of trees was 8.64 cm, and 77.27% of trees had 5-15 cm breast-height diameter. (2)On vertical structure, the arbor-shrub-grass ratio was 14.52:14.97:48.83:100, 49.01% of samples were two-layer structure. (3)43.08% of samples had plant scenery only for two seasons, plant with good (4-5) and bad (1-2) average growth potential account for 24.42% and 20.93% respectively. On this basis, typical plant communities were analyzed, measures to optimize park greening in saline land of coastal areas were suggested.