Abstract: In order to optimize the allocation of resources, the bio-experiment of culturing Pleurotus eryngii, adding polygonum cuspidatum as the substrate, used 9 formulas to optimize the new substrate. The result of the experiment showed that, the best formula of substrate includes 55 kg of polygonum cuspidatum, 20 kg of cottonseed hull, 20 kg of wood chips, 15 kg of wheat bran, 1% of white sugar and 1% of gypsum. This paper concluded that the mushroom-planted consists of 6.20% of lipid and 8.94% of protein. According to the national standard of organic fertilize, the content of heavy metal in the waste medium was under the national level, which showed that the waste medium by adding polygonum cuspidatum to culture the Pleurotus eryngii could be recycled in the organic feeds and biological organic fertilizer. As the HPLC shows, the content of resveratrol in the fruiting body was 4.91 μg/g.