Current issue

• 2013 Vol.29 No.14 Published:15 May 2013

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  The Correlationship Between Different Kinds of Melanins in the Fleece of Alpaca (Lama Pacos) 2013, 29 (14):  7-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4029 Abstract + ( 906 )   PDF ( 548017KB )   ( 767 ) To supply the evidence of identification of alpaca hair color, the difference and correlation between different melanins in alpaca hair was studied. According to the visual inspection, 22 different hair color genotypes with 3 alpacas each were selected. Alpaca fleece was taken from the back and then dissolved with different solution to get melanins. The amount of total melanins (ASM), eumelanin (EM) and pheomelanin (PM) in alpaca fleece with different hair color were measured with spectrophotometric assay, sepia as a standard for the spectrophotometric assay. Then the difference and correlation between the amount of melanins were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and linear regression curve method, respectively. The results showed that there were difference in ASM (P＜0.01) and EM (P＜0.05) and no difference in PM (P＞0.05) between alpaca fleece with different hair color, and that two models were deduced from the linear regression curve analysis: model 1: Sp.ASM＝-0.313+3.168×Sp.EM+E (R2:0.902, t=-3.732, P=0.000); model 2: Sp.EM＝0.285+0.143×Sp.ASM+E(R2:0.902,t=6.769,P=0.000). It was suggested that ASM and EM could be used as the parameters to differentiate hair color of alpaca because of significant correlation to hair color, moreover, both of them have the relation of linear regression curve.

  The Influencing Factor Analyses and the Countermeasures of the Fluctuation of the Pig Production 2013, 29 (14):  11-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3927 Abstract + ( 939 )   PDF ( 579449KB )   ( 760 ) This paper was based on the cobweb theory, using the logarithmic C-D production function and data from the statistical yearbook between 1994 to 2011, to take empirical analysis on animal husbandry output value, per capita net income of farmers, and the per capita pig sell quantity, maize yield which were the influencing factors of the fluctuation of pig production. And took theoretical analysis on the influence of the pig disease and government supportive policy. According to the results of analysis, drawing the influence coefficient of the pig production scale and the price of pig was 0.37 and 0.235, per capita net income of famers and maize yield did not have long-term stable relationship with pig production, then pig disease and government stable supportive policy were also the influencing factors of the fluctuation of pig production, finally put forward suggestions and countermeasures to stabilize the fluctuation of pig production.

  Expression of ER and Its Related Genes in Chicken Sex-reversed Embryos 2013, 29 (14):  16-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3487 Abstract + ( 926 )   PDF ( 582888KB )   ( 938 ) In order to analyze the genes that played an important role in sex differentiation of birds, this study was designed to detect expression profiles of estrogens and its related genes in sex-reversed chicken embryos. In the present study, after injection with formestane and 17β-estradiol, expression of ER, 3βHSD, P450c17, and p450arom were measured at the early development stages (84 h, 96 h, 120 h, 144 h, 168 h and 192 h incubation) in chicken embryos by real-time PCR. Embryos treated with formestane and 17β-estradiol were designed as test group, while embryos non-treated but sex differential comprised control group. The results showed that: expression of ER, 3βHSD, P450c17 and P450arom in control group showed normal expression trend, but when compared with test group, the difference was significant (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). For the test group, ER expression showed a downward trend, whereas, p450arom expression increased sharply. However, there was no obvious trend for the expression trend of 3βHSD and P450c17 genes. It was indicated that estrogen regulation was a complex process. Once injected with exogenous hormone, the normal regulation process would be disturbed significantly.

  Origin of Neuraminidase Gene of Swine Influenza A H1N1 Virus SW/HN/405/10 2013, 29 (14):  21-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4065 Abstract + ( 983 )   PDF ( 658679KB )   ( 823 ) To study the genetic variation and evolutionary characteristics of H1N1 Swine Influenza Virus (SIV), nasal swabs samples of pigs with influenza-like clinical symptoms were collected from Henan Province in 2010. Influenza virus was isolated by SPF embryonated eggs and identified by HA, HI test and RT-PCR methods, NA gene was amplified and genetic evolutionary analysed. The result showed that a H1N1 influenza virus was isolated and designated A/swine/Henan/405/2010(H1N1) (SW/HN/405/10). Homology analysis founded the SW/HN/405/10 showed a high sequence homology with avian-like SIV (92.1%-99.4%) and a highest homology with A/swine/Hong Kong/NS62/2005; Sequence analysis showed that amino acid residues at the enzymatically active site, glycosylation sites and disulfed bonds were strictly conserved, but the antigen sites varied. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SW/HN/405/10 was clustered in the same groups as the avian-like H1N1 SIV. These results indicated that the NA gene of SW/HN/405/10 probably was originated from avian-like H1N1 SIV and the genetic characteristics of the isolated strain showed to be comparatively stable, but some mutations appeared in the genomes which suggested that the isolated strain would continually evolve with variation in future.

  Study on the Sensitivity of the Fujian Rabbits Response to Bacterial Endotoxin 2013, 29 (14):  26-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3346 Abstract + ( 892 )   PDF ( 598021KB )   ( 664 ) To obtain the body temperature instance and sensitivity response to bacterial endotoxin of the Fujian rabbits, and to discuss whether the Fujian rabbits can be adapted to suit the use of pyrogen test. According to the standard pyrogen test from ‘Chinese Codex’, to choose Fujian rabbits with the eligible body temperature, which were administrated with three doses of endotoxin (5 Eu/mL, 10Eu/mL, 20Eu/mL) to analyze the sensitivity of these rabbits response to endotoxin. The 65.85% of the tested Fujian rabbits were up to the mustard and the body temperature of most rabbits was 38.5-39.5℃. The eligibity whereas under the Japanes White rabbit, WHBE and SPF New Zealand rabbits. The sensitivity of the Fujian rabbits reponse to bacterial endotoxin was positive correlativity to the dose of endotoxin, the big dose resulted to the high sensitivity. Through the test, it was known that most of the Fujian rabbits’ body temperature was steady, which had some sensitivity to the bacterial endotoxin. If the Fujian rabbits were fed in a standard way of laboratory animal, the quality of rabbits would more stable, and these rabbits would fit for the pyrogen test, which could broaden out the Fujian rabbits′ application field.

  Advance in the clone and expression of PPARα and PPARγ Weimin Wang 2013, 29 (14):  31-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2708 Abstract + ( 981 )   PDF ( 529600KB )   ( 789 ) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors respond to specific ligands. PPARs molecule binds to the specific ligands, then binds to peroxisome proliferator response elements (PPRE) on DNA, regulating the expression of the target gene. Since PPARs was first cloned in rats, they had been cloned in human, rodents, amphibian, and fish. PPARs played a crucial role in glucose and lipid metabolism, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Thus, PPARs had been applied to the study of diseases. This paper briefly reviewed the structure, classification, and mechanism of PPARs. The main biological functions including lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, and inflammation were summed up. Furthermore, the clone and expression of PPARα and PPARγ in mammal, fish and embryonic development were extraordinarily discussed. A brief review on the problem and the research trend of PPARs was also discussed in this paper.

  Effect of Sodium Chloride with Different Concentration on Sperm Motility of Oncorhynchus mykiss 2013, 29 (14):  37-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2988 Abstract + ( 896 )   PDF ( 564248KB )   ( 714 ) In order to extend the spermatic fast movement time and lifespan for rainbow trout, and improve the fertilization rate in the artificial propagation process, the paper study the impact of the concentration of NaCl on 3, 4 age of rainbow trout spermatic vitality by microscope observed. The results showed that the spermatic fast movement time and lifespan of 4 age rainbow trout were gradually reduced with the concentration of NaCl increasing, but the spermatic fast movement time and lifespan of 3 age rainbow trout present a kind of parabola-shaped distribution, the time have reached the longest in the concentration of NaCl 0.8%, respectively for (25.20±3.04) s, (75.91±9.87) s. In a concentration of below 0.2%, the spermatic fast movement time and lifespan of 4 age rainbow trout were significantly higher than that of 3 age rainbow trout.

  The Exploring of Paraffin Sections Manufacture Methods of Aspiorhynchus laticeps 2013, 29 (14):  41-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4091 Abstract + ( 1049 )   PDF ( 846807KB )   ( 937 ) In order to investigate the method of making Aspiorhynchus laticeps paraffin section,understanding its basic structure and summarizing the problems in the production of paraffin section, analyzed the reasons and solutions. It was a good way for using the technique of histological paraffin sectioning and Hematoxylin-eosin staining to observe the organizational structure of Aspiorhynchus laticeps. The results showed that there were two rows of gill lamellae, each side with a lot of small gill lamella, each gill filaments have small gill lamellae, afferent branchial artery and efferent branchial artery were visible after staining, the muscle slice was more clearly than gills slice of Aspiorhynchus laticeps. The presence of capillary was clear between the muscle fibrils and connective tissue of Aspiorhynchus laticeps. The nucleoli of liver cells was larger than the other nucleoli, all of the cell was closely packed. From the experiment we could got a preliminary understanding about the gill, muscle and liver of Aspiorhynchus laticeps, it was provided a reliable histological basis data for the research of Aspiorhynchus laticeps.

  Exploration and Thinking of Docking Mechanism About National Modern Agriculture Industrial Technical Systems and Local Innovation Teams 2013, 29 (14):  46-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3132 Abstract + ( 960 )   PDF ( 499088KB )   ( 767 ) The effective docking between national modern agriculture industrial technical system and local innovation team was a useful way for development of agricultural industry by sci-tech Breakthroughs of national modern agriculture industrial technical system and chief characteristics of local innovation team in Sichuan province were introduced in this paper. Effective docking between the two of advantageous and characteristic industries selection, designs of whole industrial chain, personnel recruitment, division of labor, functional positioning of comprehensive testing station and demonstration bases of industries in counties, and benefit extension were expatiated in detail. Finally, some countermeasures and suggestions about cooperation, two-way examination, reciprocal exchange, docking mechanism of effective interests were put forward. It provided reference for the construction of national modern agriculture industrial technical system and local innovation team, especially in their effective docking.

  A Production Efficiency Analysis on Flue-cured Tobacco in Henan Province Based on Data Envelopment Analysis 2013, 29 (14):  51-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3865 Abstract + ( 939 )   PDF ( 523328KB )   ( 673 ) To evaluate the production efficiency of flue-cured tobacco planting in Henan Province, an empirical analysis on flue-cured tobacco production efficiency in Henan Province was conducted based on cost-benefit data from three consecutive years using DEA method. The results showed that compared with other flue-cured tobacco-producing provinces, flue-cured tobacco production efficiency in Henan province belonged to non-DEA effective type; moreover, great differences in flue-cured tobacco production efficiency existed among flue-cured tobacco-producing counties of Henan Province. On this basis, the influencing factors for non-effective decision-making unit efficiency loss in Henan provincial flue-cured tobacco production were discussed and some suggestions were proposed, including implementing science and technology innovation project, increasing growing and purchase plan, balancing different flue-cured tobacco-growing areas development, vigorously promoting mechanization, and rational allocation of production materials and so on.

  Patial Pattern Change of Grain Productive Capacity in Rural-urban Fringe Based on the Food Security: A Case of Langfang 2013, 29 (14):  56-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0414 Abstract + ( 818 )   PDF ( 1239269KB )   ( 703 ) The paper in order to study the urban areas, the use of mathematical statistics and the combination of the gis spatial analysis methods, reveals the Langfang City rural-urban fringe areas food security changes in production patterns. The results show that: ① 1996 years -2006 years the township urban food security index was fluctuating trend, that is stable (in 1996 -1999) → diminishing (in 2000 -2004) → slow rise (in 2005 -2006 ) the trend of the maximum coefficient of 2.23 for Kyushu in 1996, is the smallest value in 2003 for 0.50 Chou Zhuang. ②Grain yield is divided into "quantity" and "quality" factor, because different stages of "quantity" and "quality" factors on grain yield in different degrees, resulting in 1996 -2,006 on Food Security in the pattern of center of gravity, from "outside" to "within the" offset of 2.39km.③Cobb-Douglas production function showed that the sown area of grain and the impact of effective irrigation area of food production capacity is an important factor, Urban fringe areas of arable land loss of reserve status of serious shortage of arable land, the future should strengthen the intensive use of arable land to explore the potential of grain production in order to ensure regional food security, promote socio-economic harmful development.

  Study on the Agricultural Output of Dongting Rim in Hunan Province Based on the Theory of Emergy 2013, 29 (14):  61-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2610 Abstract + ( 1418 )   PDF ( 709371KB )   ( 695 ) To analyze the efficiency of the agro-ecosystem of Dongting Rim in Hunan Province, this paper adopted the emergy theory to study the agricultural output of this region during 2001 to 2010. The results showed that the value of regional agricultural emergy output increased by 44.68% to 6.50 E+22 sej, but lower than the growth of non-agricultural industry output. Compared with 2001, the emergy output of planting industry was 4.10E+22 sej in 2010 which occupied 63.09% of the total agricultural emergy output and got an increase of 2.93 percentage points, while the emergy output of stock farming got a decrease of 2.87 percentage points. The growth of fishery emergy output was not in conformity with the characteristics of Dongting Rim in Hunan. From the contrast between emergy output and economic output, we could fond that the economic return ratio of planting industry and fishery industry were lower than those of forestry industry and stock farming industry, which indicated that it’s necessary to improve the economic benefits of planting industry and fishery .industry which were the traditional industries with advantages of the Dongting Rim in Hunan.

  The Relationship Between Provincial University and New Rural Construction in the Perspective of Mass Higher Education 2013, 29 (14):  69-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3917 Abstract + ( 840 )   PDF ( 560852KB )   ( 594 ) China is a nation with a large number of agriculture production, rural areas and farmers, which play a very important role in the building of a modern and well-off country. Our party and government has been a high value on it and start the strategy of new rural construction. The key element, however, to improve rural productivity is to enhance farmers’ quality (investment on human capital) from international experience, in which education, especially higher education is the only means. Provincial university is the main undertaker of mass higher education and the development of local economy and society. So provincial university shall accelerate the reform of education and teaching and innovate the management mechanism to provide human capital, science research and development in rural area. More important, it shall seek chance to solve dilemmas in new rural construction and develop with a bi-win result.

  Discussion and Assessment on Benchmark Premium of Collective Construction Land Based on the Correction Method 2013, 29 (14):  75-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2710 Abstract + ( 993 )   PDF ( 640831KB )   ( 840 ) The author defined the benchmark premium connotation of collective construction land and the price structure on the basis of comparison, the collective construction land and state-owned construction land, in accordance with the collective construction land the right to performance was not adequate, the lack of regulatory support, transaction system was flawed and the actual situation, to build the assessment of amendments to the collective construction land base premium factor. The author used the analog correction method to evaluate the benchmark land price of the collective construction land, and the use of cost differences, income differences, the risk factor was the correction factor corresponding validation. The author provided a new way to explore the scientific and quantitative benchmarks of collective construction land premium, to provide a comprehensive, scientific basis for the collective construction land.

  The Beijing Urban and Rural Integration Development Status and Problems Research 2013, 29 (14):  81-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2669 Abstract + ( 842 )   PDF ( 521086KB )   ( 712 ) Beijing has achieved remarkable results in the urban and rural integration development, but there were still many problems. This research used the literature method. System summarized the connotation of urban and rural integration, focus on the current situation of the Beijing urban and rural integration development to make qualitative analysis, and revealed the existing main problems, including the unreasonable distribution of urban and rural population, the medical and health services gap, the unbalanced industrial development, the big income gap between the residents, on that basis, putting forward to the corresponding countermeasures, like strengthen the consciousness of equality between urban and rural areas, vigorously develop the rural social undertakings, use informationization to promote the rational flow of production factors and multi-pronged increase farmers' income, in order to promote the Beijing urban and rural integration process.

  Research on the Social Security of Landless Peasants in Constructing the New Countryside: Investigation and Reflection on the Social Security of Landless Farmers in Kunshan 2013, 29 (14):  86-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3832 Abstract + ( 825 )   PDF ( 540300KB )   ( 1095 ) With the process of urbanization accelerating in China, more and more land is expropriated. As a result, large quantities of farmers become landless peasants whose lives are in urgent need for protection. In order to strengthen the social security of landless peasants and further eliminate the disadvantages of the dual urban-rural development, the integrated urban-rural social security system is put forward and into practice. Through the investigation and analysis on the social security of the leading city in the field--Kunshan, we summarized its status of social security, and summed up two shortcomings: on the one hand, there still existed the gap between the rural and urban areas in terms of the household registration system; on the other, the farmers’ self-protection ability was relatively insufficient. Basing on both problems and conforming to the reality of Kunshan, we came up with some corresponding suggestion and measures to promote the construction of the social security system of landless peasants in Kunshan City: increasing financial investment, enhancing supports to social security funds in rural areas, establishing related local regulations, setting up minimum living allowance, mapping out relevant policies to support employment, and promoting employment.

  Farmers’ Willingness to Participate in the Water User Association and Its Influencing Factor in Major Grain Producing Areas ——A Survey Based on 602 Farmers 2013, 29 (14):  92-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2958 Abstract + ( 879 )   PDF ( 562519KB )   ( 619 ) Small-scale farmland water conservancy is responsible for farm irrigation and drainage function, providing basic protection for the grain production in major grain producing areas. Guiding farmers to participate in Water Users Association is an important way of improving the operation efficiency of small-scale farmland and water conservancy facilities. In order to study the influence of Farmer Participatory Irrigation Association will specific factors, this paper adopted the Logistic model analysis method, studied Jiangxi commissariat advocate produce area 5 counties (city) 602 farmer households' participation of water users association behavior factors. The result showed that, farmer’s age, cultural degree, labor force, farmland fragmentation degree, water association founding time, water user association scale as well as Water Association established whether for farmer opinion had significant positive correlation on whether farmers participating in the Water User Association. And the paddy planting crop choice was significantly negative correlation. Finally, the paper put forward the corresponding policy suggestions.

  Discussion on the training of professional farmers 2013, 29 (14):  98-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3715 Abstract + ( 861 )   PDF ( 489737KB )   ( 1392 ) The development of Modern Agriculture must train the professional farmers. This paper introduced large-scale agricultural production and management, modern agriculture development and promoting the full employment of rural labors need to make great efforts to train professional farmers. It analyzed that training professional farmers becomes possible under the intensified national policies on strengthening agriculture, benefiting farmers and enriching rural areas, the Green Box policies of WTO and the gradually increased income of farmers. It emphasized that during the training process we should not only identify the training objects, scientific methods of training, targeted training content, flexible and diverse forms of training, advanced training means, but also improve understanding effectively, correctly handle the relationship between quality and quantity, training and using. At the same time, create a good social atmosphere, in order to accelerate the training of hundreds of millions of professional farmers.

  Effect by Exogenous Calcium on Cell Membrane and POD of Storageed Potato 2013, 29 (14):  103-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3146 Abstract + ( 764 )   PDF ( 605925KB )   ( 726 ) Take potato variety Kexin 1# as the experimental material, processing the leaching of calcium by 0.5% and 1.0% Ca(NO3)2 after picking, to analysis the effect on the cell relative membrane and POD activity. The results show that: Calcium treatment may reduce the relative conductivity and MDA content effectively, improve the POD activity, thereby to increase the storability of the potato tubers, and founded that the processing by 1.0%Ca(NO3)2 may obtain the best result.

  Remote sensing of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence: research advances and application 2013, 29 (14):  107-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0238 Abstract + ( 1619 )   PDF ( 544977KB )   ( 1593 ) Remote sensing of biophysical parameter, biochemical parameter and chlorophyll fluorescence are the three basic missions of the Terrestrial vegetation remote sensing investigation. Extensive research focuses on remote sensing of chlorophyll fluorescence for its sensitivity to the environmental stress and its potential to detect the stress earlier. This paper reviewed the spectrum characteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence, its generating mechanism and its detection methods. The type and working principle of the detector which detect the fluorescence signal in the Fraunhofer lines and the radiative transfer model that includes the flow of the signal was reviewed. When concerning its application, the detection of the environmental stress, the monitoring and assessment of pests was also reviewed. Finally, the future development trends and the prospects of remote sensing of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence was discussed.

  The effect of pretreatment on the dissolution of sugarcane bagasse in ionic liquid 2013, 29 (14):  113-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2765 Abstract + ( 1006 )   PDF ( 682471KB )   ( 721 ) The ionic liquid has strong stability and excellent solubility to cellulose. Although bagasse is abundant in cellulose, the dissolution of bagasse without any pretreatment in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride is very hard. In this study, a pretreatment method was introduced with mass fraction of 3% nitric acid and 1.5%NaOH pretreatment to remove hemicellulose and lignin. After pretreatment, the content of cellulose was 93.53%, and dissolution time reduced 5.88 times compared with the one without pretreatment. Moreover, the composition and structure of pretreated bagasse cellulose were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer and scanning electron microscope, and these changes on the effect of dissolution time was also analyzed.

  Evaluation of Urban Ecological Security Warning in the Prefecture-level City of Hebei Province Based on Principal Component Analysis 2013, 29 (14):  118-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0340 Abstract + ( 727 )   PDF ( 687684KB )   ( 558 ) In order to evaluate the potential for economic development in various regions of Hebei Province, accurately find the degree of the relative importance of the factors and their impact on the comprehensive development potential, the author through amendmenting the principal component analysis and using the quantitative evaluation method evaluates the ecological safety of the 11 cities in Hebei Province. The evaluation results showed that the Langfang City of Hebei Province scores 0.55, which was between ideal security and criticality safety. Other cities between the criticality safety and less secure by turns were as follows: Qinhuangdao City, Baoding City, Chengde City, Xingtai City, Tangshan City, Shijiazhuang City, Zhangjiakou City, Cangzhou City, Handan City, Hengshui City. After all, Hebei Province should improve the response level, for there were many unsafe factors of ecological environment, the ecological environment pressure intensity was big, and the city ecosystem state took on an imbalanced state.

  Application of PI Model in Soil Productivity Assessment in Wulanchabu City 2013, 29 (14):  124-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2880 Abstract + ( 976 )   PDF ( 638004KB )   ( 609 ) In order to find an easily usable, practical and objective model to assess soil productivity in Wulanchabu City, the author modified PI model (MPI-Ⅱ) based on the PI model and existing modified PI model (MPI). Considering the soil characteristics of study area, the calculation method of suitability index of organic matter of MPI was improved, meanwhile, CaCO3 content was added to MPI-II model as a new parameters. Firstly, the author selected soil species in study area to assess their productivity index using the MPI model and MPI-Ⅱ separately. Then, simulated results were compared with the assessed value by comprehensive assessment method which was used in the second soil survey. The results showed that: (1) the determination coefficient between the calculation value of MPI-Ⅱ model and comprehensive assessment method with R2=0.589 (P<0.01) was higher than that between the calculation value of MPI model and comprehensive assessment method with R2=0.305 (P<0.01), which meant that the calculation value of MPI-Ⅱ was more closer to the real situation in the study area; (2) Generally speaking, the calculation value of MPI-Ⅱ model was compatible with comprehensive assessment method except that 5 soils showed obvious difference between them, most probably due to the subjective of comprehensive assessment method. In conclusion, the MPI-Ⅱ model was more suitable than MPI model for the productivity assessment in Wulanchabu City.

  Analysis and Evaluation of Soil Heavy Metal Environmental Quality in Farmlands of Vegetables in Beijing 2013, 29 (14):  129-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3313 Abstract + ( 905 )   PDF ( 627500KB )   ( 767 ) In order to comprehend soil environmental quality of vegetable base in Beijing, This paper study the sampling survey on heavy metals including arsenide, mercury, lead, cadmium and chromium in soils of 43 vegetable bases. Through combination method of single factor containment index and Nemerow pollution index, the environmental quality condition of heavy metals of vegetable base in Beijing were evaluated. The results showed that, the average metal heavy content of soils investigated in this study was below the limit value in GB/T 18407.1-2001 safety and quality for agricultural product-environmental requirements for origin of non-environmental pollution vegetable, single contamination index of soil heavy metal was below 1, comprehensive contamination index was 0.257, soil was not contaminated with the soil environment quality standard class 1 at clean level, so the soil was suitable for green vegetable. At the same time, heavy metal content in most monitoring sites was higher than Beijing soil environmental background value. This showed that heavy metals were accumulated in these monitoring sites and chromium content in some vegetable base had come to vigilance level.

  Research on Phytoremediation of Soil Contaminated by Heavy Metals 2013, 29 (14):  134-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3752 Abstract + ( 1083 )   PDF ( 616093KB )   ( 1195 ) Phytoremediation is a technique using plants to remediation heavy metal contaminants from soils has become a topic problem in current research. Domestic researchers have published a number of literature review about remediation technologies of soil contaminated by heavy metals, but the comprehensive literature review that simply phytoremediation for heavy metal contaminated soil, especially plants after harvest disposal technology is very few. We reviewed the connotation, composition, the advantages and disadvantages of phytoremediation, the concept, research overview about hyperaccumulator and technique for disposal of phytoremediting plants after harvest, indicate that the plant mining technology may become the focus of further research of the scientists ,and phytoremediation technology development prospects in the future.

  Research Progress on Soil Water Holding Capacity su yang 2013, 29 (14):  140-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4022 Abstract + ( 1050 )   PDF ( 561965KB )   ( 1651 ) In order to provide a better understanding of the theoretical basis of soil improvement, The author showed the relationship with soil structure, soil clay, soil salinity,total soil porosity and different suction conditions. It introduced the methods and principles on improving water storage capacity (soil tillage and straw mulch, soil stirring, aquasorb). And then it assessed the effect of different method according to the former research. Finally, the author sumed up 3 analysis methods of soil: specific water capacity method, regression coefficients method, percentage cumulative water loss method.

  Discussion on the Differences Between Manual and Automatic Soil Moisture Observation Data 2013, 29 (14):  146-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2566 Abstract + ( 854 )   PDF ( 549673KB )   ( 635 ) In order to provide better approach for the automatic evaluation of soil moisture observation data of Jiangsu Province and to provide references for processing when there is significant deviation in the automatic soil moisture observation data, in order to improve the automatic soil moisture observation data to be more accurate and more representative. This research is based on the data of manual and automatic soil moisture observation in two waves of March and April of 2012 in Jiangsu Province, and it makes emphasis field research and analysis to the stations that have significant deviation with the soil moisture observation data. The results show that: when processing comparison observations of manual and automatic soil moisture, people should analyze whether there is exception of the average absolute error value of the soil moisture at different levels when the total average absolute error value of soil moisture is relative large. If there are exceptions at different levels, it needs to analyze whether there are exceptions in the correspondent four weight of soil water content of the manual soil moisture observation. The average absolute error value of soil moisture observation in Jiangsu Province being relative high is mainly due to soil differences, and secondly because of instrument and man-made measurement reasons. Therefore, site selection and observation with specifications are particularly important.

  Selection and Application Effect of Soil Amendments on Coastal Saline Soil 2013, 29 (14):  150-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2536 Abstract + ( 982 )   PDF ( 1541630KB )   ( 685 ) According to the exit soil problems about bad soil structure, nutrient deficiency and desalting alkalization on coastal saline soil, the experiments were carried out on improving saline soil by using soil amendments. The pot experiment was selected the best amendment by synthetically analyzing the soil salt content, soil nutrients content and growth of regrass. The field application effect showed that the amendments could prevent desalting alkalization and improve soil nutrient content, soil structure and soil fertilizer. Soil alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter were individually increased 123.8%, 171.0%, 22.0%, 37.5%. Soil bulk density was reduced 15.54%, soil porosity and soil infiltration were increased 19.66%, 127.78%. Soil microstructure was produced the transition from plane voids to complex packing voids. Using amendments was good to adjust water, fertilizer, air and heat, it was suitable soil amendment on coastal saline soil.

  The Preliminary Probe in Early Warning Mechanism of Cultivated Land Quality Based on the Standard Plot in Guangxi Area 2013, 29 (14):  155-160.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2798 Abstract + ( 804 )   PDF ( 580330KB )   ( 658 ) For exploring how to effectively apply the agricultural land grading standard plot results to monitor the cultivated land quality, the applicability of the farmland ranking standard plot results of Guangxi Province on cultivated land quality warning was analyzed, then the cultivated land quality warning mechanism was established according to the static standard plot and the dynamic standard plot respectively. These two new schemes were investigated in the northeast hilly region of Guangxi Province. The results showed that, the cultivated land quality warning mechanism could provide decision support for the quality of cultivated land protection which was established for data by the agricultural land grading standard plot results.

  Variations of Winter Wheat Growth Stages Under Climate Changes in Shandong Province 2013, 29 (14):  161-166.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1873 Abstract + ( 992 )   PDF ( 1407283KB )   ( 963 ) In order to investigate the development of winter wheat growth stages under climate changes in Shandong Province and to determine possible causes of changes. Based on data of winter wheat growth stages and meteorological data from 1981 to 2011 in Shandong Province, diversification were investigated for two periods 1981-2000 (first period) and 2001-2011 (second period). The two periods difference contour map of winter wheat growing period were drawing ,and the spatial variations maps of climate resources difference between two periods were carry out. The results showed that: the average sunshine duration of second was 63.5 hours less than the first, and the accumulated temperature increased 120.3℃, the average precipitation decreased of 9.2 mm. Compared to the two periods winter wheat growth stages, the sowing stage had been delayed about 3.3 days. The green stage, jointing stage, flowering stage and maturity stage had different degrees of advance. The developmental stages of winter wheat were closely correlated with the temperature.

  Effect of Climate Change on Early Rice Yield in Recent 41 Years of Changsha 2013, 29 (14):  167-173.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3389 Abstract + ( 1334 )   PDF ( 885630KB )   ( 779 ) In order to analyze whether the effect of climate change on rice yield of Changsha is positive effect or negative, using the data of daily temperature, precipitation and sunshine time, etc. from 4 observatories in Changsha during 1971-2011, the author took the tendency coefficient, correlation coefficient, Mann-Kendall inspection methods to analyze the Changsha double season early rice growth period of climate change and its output growth characteristics of meteorological between meteorological factors. The results show that: (1) the key meteorological factors that influenced early rice yield of Changsha were low temperature in May, the growth period highest temperature, precipitation, highest temperature in milk and heading stage, sunshine duration, growth May sunshine time, and highest temperature, the average temperature and the flood in May. (2) Low temperature intensity index Ij in May and meteorological yield had significant negative correlation, which had adverse effect on early rice yield in May; there was significant negative correlation between precipitation and meteorological output growth; too much annual rainfall worked against high yield; (3) In recent 41 years, there was significant positive relationship among rice growth period highest temperature, the average temperature in May; the highest temperature in May was very significant increase trend, the highest temperature and meteorological output growth was very significant positive correlation, May the average temperature and the tallest temperature, grouting highest temperature and meteorological culm production was a significant or significant positive correlation, raising temperature was very helpful in the early rice yield; (4) The sunshine duration and meteorological output growth was a significant positive correlation, sunshine time for early rice yield more advantageous; (5) In recent 41 years, rice yield was weak down the trend, the 1970s to the 1980s growth sharply, from 2004 to 2008 a modest growth, thanks to productivity level and early rice varieties of ascension and early rice yield was very helpful in meteorological conditions; in the mid 1980s to the mid 1990s much negative in 2009 and 3 consecutive years of negative value and meteorological conditions for early rice yield were no contribution. Climate change on early rice yield affected the total of Changsha positively effect.

  The Influence of Cloud, Wind and Humidity in the Night to the Lowest Temperature in Fuqing 2013, 29 (14):  174-178.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2628 Abstract + ( 747 )   PDF ( 620894KB )   ( 665 ) In order to nowcast the lowest temperature correctly, and then provide early freeters’ freezing injury to famers, the author analyzed the correlation between the temperature difference of annual lowest temperature and the temperature at 8:00 pm of the same night and the weather condition of that night, estimated the range of temperature dropping of that night, and finally got the lowest temperature of the next day. The analysis of data of more than 50 years of Fuqing showed that: (1) the temperature difference of annual lowest temperature and the temperature at 8:00 pm of the same night had the closet correlation with the relative humidity of the same time, so the relative humidity at 8:00 pm could be used to estimate the temperature dropping, then combined with the temperature at 8:00 pm, the lowest temperature of the next morning could be predicted. (2) By analyzing the difference of low temperature between the temperature of primary observation station and the temperature of different automated observation station installed in different towns, the lowest temperature of respective towns could be predicted. If the predicted low temperature was lower than the freezing injury index of local principle fruiters and crops, the fruit growers and farmers could be informed the freeze-proofing measures which included sprinkling irrigation and fumigation, the freezing injury caused by low temperature could be avoided or be mitigated. The study could be an additional tool for nowcasting, could enhance the ability of low temperature prediction, and provide the freezing injury mitigation basis for the fruit growers and farmers.

  The Analysis of the Heavy Rain Caused by Typhoon Occurring in Shandong Province 2013, 29 (14):  179-183.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3592 Abstract + ( 848 )   PDF ( 1247116KB )   ( 728 ) In order to further study the typhoon ‘Muifa’ effects in the process of rainstorm caused by typhoon mechanism, to have a better grasp of the rainstorm process. Based on the NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis data on 5th-8th August 2011, a study on the heavy storm in part of Shandong Province under the influence of the typhoon Muifa was conducted. The results showed that: the involvement of dry cold air had important influence on the weakening of the typhoon intensity. Dry air had some relevance with the heavy rain area, the rainstorm region lied in front of the dry air (the relative moisture was lower than 50%), where was the junction of the dry and wet air (the relative moisture was bigger than 50% between 600 hPa and 850 hPa). Meanwhile, the rainstorm region, which agreed well with the MPV1 and MPV2, was close to the negative areas of MPV1 and the positive areas of MPV2. Accordingly, there existed an isoline denseness area of MPV1 between 850 hPa and 925 hPa and MPV2 at 925 hPa.

  Change Characteristics of Evaporation and Rainfall in Songshan Nature Reserve and Their Causes 2013, 29 (14):  184-189.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3483 Abstract + ( 810 )   PDF ( 687916KB )   ( 634 ) In order to study the variation of water cycle of Songshan Nature Reserve, 41 years observational data in Songshan meteorological station from 1971 to 2011, which includes rainfall, temperature, sunshine hours and evaporation were used. The change characteristics of monthly, seasonal, yearly evaporation and rainfall and relationships between evaporation and other meteorological elements were studied. The results indicated that: the evaporation mostly occurred from April to June and the rainfall mostly occurred from July to August. The evaporation trend and the rainfall trend decreased from 1971 to 2011 with an average rate of 27 mm per 10 years and 5 mm per 10 years, respectively. The evaporation was obviously more than the rainfall under monthly, seasonal and yearly distribution. Sunshine hours and temperature were very significantly correlated with monthly evaporation and seasonal evaporation, with the order of temperature>sunshine hours. Yearly evaporation had no significant influence with sunshine hours and temperature.

  Temporal and Spatial Change of Agricultural Non-point Source Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pollution in Four Lakes Region Based on Drainage Unit in Hubei Province 2013, 29 (14):  190-195.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3434 Abstract + ( 796 )   PDF ( 1277926KB )   ( 616 ) In order to analyze the amount and form of surface pollution in Four Lakes Region on drainage units in Hubei Province, reveal the temporal and spatial change characteristics of agricultural source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, Four Lakes Region was selected as the study area, the land use in 24 drainage units selected from the area was classified based on Remote Sense image interpretation of HJ-1AB, water samples taken from the outlet of ditches in 24 drainage units in multi-period. Using GIS as a tool, spatial information was analyzed to demonstrate the temporal and spatial characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus source pollution of the study area. The results showed that: the water pollution space distribution pattern was general to be good in the upper and lower area drainage unit and bad in the middle, this basin on the land use distribution pattern. In the time variation, there was significant difference of concentration on TN, TP in different seasons, the concentration in winter and spring were higher than in summer and autumn, this concerned with the seasonal difference of rainfall and runoff.

  The Analysis on Sunshine Duration Spatial and Temporal Variations over Guangxi in Recent 50 Years 2013, 29 (14):  196-201.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3177 Abstract + ( 950 )   PDF ( 1886821KB )   ( 721 ) In order to guide the Guangxi region’s agricultural production more effectively, it needed to require further study the temporal and spatial variation of sunshine duration in Guangxi in recent years. The spatial and temporal variation characteristics of sunshine duration was analyzed by using GIS technique, climatic inclination rate and Mann-Kendall catastrophe test, based on the sunshine duration of 89 meteorological stations over Guangxi in recent 50 years. The results showed that: the Guangxi’s annual sunshine duration over Guangxi in recent 50 years had a decreasing trend, and the climate inclination rate of annual sunshine duration was -35.1 h/10 a. The sunshine duration in 1963 was the largest (1905.6 h), and the sunshine duration in 1997 was the least (1225.1 h), the sunshine duration in 1963 was more 680.5 h than the one in 1997. The abrupt change of annual sunshine duration occurred in 1975, and the sunshine duration reached a significant decreasing period which continued until 1997, then the sunshine duration had an increasing trend. The sunshine duration in different areas and period had differences with trend and range. Interdecadal change characteristic showed that: the sunshine duration had a decreasing trend from 1990s to 2000s and it had an increasing trend in most areas among other periods in recent 50 years. Interdecadal change of the sunshine duration had a regularity of change average every decade in eastern part of Guangxi areas and a few places among Xilin.

  Thoughts about the Intellectual Property Management in the Agricultural Research Institution 2013, 29 (14):  202-206.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2571 Abstract + ( 810 )   PDF ( 628363KB )   ( 657 ) As property right of intellectual achievements, the intellectual property right (IPR) is very meaningful for promoting the progress of science and technology innovation in agriculture. Agricultural research institution is the subject of agricultural knowledge innovation, producing large number of achievements of intellectual property right. However, how to protection, use these achievements to make them play a better role is a thought-provoking question for agricultural researchers. The paper expounded the management effect about IPR in agricultural research institutions; analyzed existing problems, and gave five management proposals: reinforce the strategic consciousness on IPR; perfect the management system; strengthen whole process management of scientific research project in IPR; establish IPR evaluation system; and innovate IPR transformation mechanism, To comprehensive improve IPR of agricultural research institution management ability .

  Media Analysis on Remote Training of Fujian Rural Practical Technology Based on Farmers' Perspective 2013, 29 (14):  207-211.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0420 Abstract + ( 905 )   PDF ( 523065KB )   ( 648 ) Remote training of rural practical technology is an agricultural science-and-technology information communication using network technology. Its key target is to change farmers’ technical perceptions and behavior and should be explored from the point of view of the media and farmers. First of all, the paper summarized the media-communication status, including the role of a tool and a significant impact factor of agricultural science-and-technology information communication. Secondly, the paper analyzed the media-communication dilemma from the perspective of cognition-affection-conation which is the base of behavior. Finally, the paper proposed the media-communication suggestion such as promoting effective cognition, enhancing affection identity, building true conation.

  The Connotations and Subject Orientation of Specified Horse Industrial Development in Xinjiang 2013, 29 (14):  212-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2763 Abstract + ( 936 )   PDF ( 665911KB )   ( 1569 ) Xinjiang is the main province where produces horses. In this paper, the current situation of horse industrial development was researched, focal point was presented, and new developing way of horse industry was explored. This project analyzed the developing status and characters of horse industry by using statistical method; the main horse producing places, processing enterprise and horse-riding club in Xinjiang were visited and investigated typically to understand the problems, demand structure and possible developing direction in horse industrial development. The developing countermeasures were put forward according to the result of connotations and orientation of horse industry.