Current issue

• 2013 Vol.29 No.15 Published:25 May 2013

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  Progress in the Studies of Capparis masaikai Lévl and Sweet Protein MabinlinⅡ 2013, 29 (15):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3243 Abstract + ( 1046 )   PDF ( 521416KB )   ( 855 ) Capparis masaikai Lévl. was a kind of peculiar wild plant in China, rich in sweet protein mabinin in seeds. In five homologs of the mabinlin family, mabinlinⅡ possesses many advanced properties, such as being around 400-fold sweeter than sucrose on weight basis, the most heat stable and acid resistant among seven types of plant sweet proteins. Thus it would be a novel natural sweetener in food industry and had broad market prospect. The research status of Capparis masaikai Lévl had been emphatically outlined in this article. The active structure of mabinlinⅡ had been analyzed and the research progress of mabinlinⅡ in the genetic engineering has been summarized. This article would provide valuable reference for further studies on the growth of Capparis masaikai Lévl and the external expression of mabinlinⅡ.

  The advance on the role of hydrogen sulfide as a new gas singnal molecule in plant growth and development 2013, 29 (15):  5-9.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3822 Abstract + ( 1231 )   PDF ( 527310KB )   ( 1025 ) H2S was considered as the third gas signaling molecule and invoved in many plant physiological processes. This article summarized the sources of hydrogen sulfide, advancement of H2S in regulating seed germination, root and leaf development, stoma closure, photosynthesis, substance metabolism, senescence of flowers, and the effect of relieving abiotic stress, such as salt, high temperature, osmosis, drought, heavy metals and so on. Meanwhile, this article also provided a possible mechanism of H2S regulating plant growth and development, and the future development in this field was prospected.

  Analysis of Climate Risk for Seed Production of Super Hybrid Rice in Suining County 2013, 29 (15):  10-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0293 Abstract + ( 932 )   PDF ( 616184KB )   ( 831 ) To clear the climatic risk of super hybrid rice seed production in Suining County, the climate risk of this process was analyzed according to the climatic risk grade index of hybrid rice seed production by using 1:250000 topographic data and 40 years climatological data. The spatial analysis method of geographical information system was also applied in the Fine-Grid calculation and the analysis of climate risk of hybrid rice in Suining County. The results showed that: when the critical sterility temperature point was 23.0℃ or 23.5℃, the minimum risk period of fertility sensitive stage was from July 11th to July 31st and the climate risk was 2.5% and 5% respectively. The comprehensive hazard index of the flowering period in Suining County was below 2.5 from June to August, the higher seed production could be obtained when the flowering period was before 14th September. The non-risk seed production area distributed in the coastal plain of Yuan river tributary valley in mid-south when the critical sterility temperature point was 22.0℃, the safer seed production area distributed in the river vally in south-central Suining and east-northern towns like Hongyan, when the temperature was either 22.5 or 23℃, and the high risk area of seed production was in the most parts of the whole county when the temperature was 23.5℃. For the rice male sterile line which the period was 80 days from seeding to heading day, the higher seed production would be obtained if the seeding date was 4th May or 25th May when the critical sterility temperature was 22.0℃, and if the seeding date was 4th May when the temperature was 22.5℃ or 23℃, not only the higher seed production, but also the lowest climate risk for fertility conversion of male sterile line could be obtained.

  Effect of Regulation on Soil Temperature and Humidity of Dryland Winter Wheat with Row Spacing Reduced and Straw Mulching 2013, 29 (15):  15-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2823 Abstract + ( 876 )   PDF ( 769337KB )   ( 805 ) In order to determine the impact on soil temperature, humidity and yield of straw mulching on different time and different covering amount in the case of row spacing reduced, by Shrinked row of the planting, covered with corn straw pole. Used split-plot design, two main areas were: A1 (covered after winter) and A2 (covered before winter), the deputy district was four different amount of coverage and not covered. The results showed that, in 0-15 cm soil temperature-sensitive layer, the covered before winter warmed was obviously than after winter, the ground temperature curve of the amount of different levels coverage was the same basically during the entire growth period; the changed trend of the 0-40 cm soil moisture in the reproductive was same basically, the soil moisture before winter coverage averaged 0.54% than after winter; the dry matter accumulation of the amount of processing after winter mulched was significantly higher than that each treatment coverage before winter at heading -grain filling stage, the dry matter accumulation of each treatment of coverage before winter was higher than after winter at maturity; the biggest difference of yield performance were A2B3 (3669.12 kg/hm2) and A1B2 (3654.79 kg/hm2). Description that the coverage of 6000 kg/hm2 before winter was significantly for increasing yield. Therefore, using entire pole coverage of the corn, indenting densification, forming the mode of different broadcast pieces and zone width of cover cropping patterns, warming soil moisture, water-saving increase, improving the utilization of the water is an effective way of wheat yield stable.

  Analysis on the Precipitation Suitability Trend and Cumulative Frequency of Winter Wheat in East Hebei Province 2013, 29 (15):  21-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2750 Abstract + ( 735 )   PDF ( 582950KB )   ( 746 ) In order to determine the satisfication degree of the precipitation during the growing period of winter wheat, the author made use of the model about climatic suitability and calculation of cumulative frequency, according to the daily precipitation data in the period form 1980 to 2010 in Tangshan. The winter wheat precipitation suitability degree and its spatial-temporal distribution, cumulative frequency in each key development period of water requirement were calculated and analyzed. The results indicated: the spatial variation of the precipitation suitability degree on each key development period of water requirement of winter wheat had not significant difference, but the temporal was bigger variation. The coefficient of variation was 0.79, 0.72, 0.65, respectively in the regreening-elongation stage, elongation-heading stage, filling stage. Precipitation suitability trend of winter wheat had not significant difference, and the change rate was 0.002. Cumulative frequency about precipitation suitability degree in 0.8 following at each key development period of water requirement was 83%-87%, there was high risk for cultivation. Precipitation became the limited factor of the growth of winter wheat.

  Study on Senescence of Spring Maize after Anthesis under Different Cultivation Patterns 2013, 29 (15):  26-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2186 Abstract + ( 1549 )   PDF ( 584394KB )   ( 780 ) Study on senescence of spring maize after anthesis under different cultivation patterns to show the different yield and reveal the quality of patterns, which provided a theoretical basis for defer decrepitude. The ‘Jinshan 27’ was grown under farmer cultivation (NH), high yield (GC) and higher yield (ZGC) condition to study the senescence of Spring Maize after anthesis under different cultivation patterns to assess the indexes of root cap senescence and structure features. The senescence rate of leaf was NH>GC>ZGC at different leaf position, ear leaf senescence rate less than in the third leaf above ear and the third leaf under ear. The activity of SOD and POD of leaves were ZGC>GC>NH, the enzyme activity of ZGC to the peak value than NH and GC late 10 days. MDA content was NH>GC>ZGC, but it differences in different stage. The root vigor was ZGC>GC>NH and the differences of three cultivation patterns was increase with the increase of soil depth; the root vigor decreased in growing and the decreased rate was NH>GC>ZGC. The ZGC pattern has higher planting density (90000 plants/ hm2), it is effective delay the senescence after anthesis under the reasonable nutrient condition and subsoiling, the activity of SOD and POD of leaves stronger and it has lower MDA content. The same time subsoiling and postponing nitrogen application can improve the root vigor, ensure the nutrients supplying after decreased the density, which was beneficial to obtain maize high-yield.

  Screening of drought resistance indexes of peanut in the seedling stage based on support vector machine 2013, 29 (15):  31-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3244 Abstract + ( 971 )   PDF ( 604031KB )   ( 712 ) For screening out an index of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) drought resistance and breeding new varieties of peanut that has high drought resistance capability, conventional linear selection method can not reflect nonlinear characteristics of drought resistance on peanut and the index conformity degree screened by it is limited. In this study, a kind of nonlinear feature selection model based on support vector machine has been set up, characterization factors were assessed individually by SVM cross validation, characterization factors which had adverse effects on model were eliminated by the minimum MSE. Taking 29 peanut varieties as examples, 5 characteristic indexes, including length of main stem, No. of branches, shoot dry weight, leaf dry weight and specific leaf area, were obtained by analyzing and screening 13 configuration features and 13 physiological features in the seedling stage. Leave-one-out accuracy of nonlinear and linear feature selection model based on these characteristic indexes is higher than that of linear feature selection model. The experimental results showed the accuracy of characterization factors screened by nonlinear feature selection. Finally, test of SVM regression significance analysis based on F-test and analysis of one-factor importance validated the importance of indexes reserved. Nonlinear prediction model based on these indexes reserved could provide effective guidance for drought resistance and breeding of peanut.

  Preliminary Development of Liquichip Detection Technique for Rapid Detection of Potato Virus A 2013, 29 (15):  37-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2980 Abstract + ( 1024 )   PDF ( 596116KB )   ( 788 ) To develop liquichip method for detecting Potato virus A (PVA), the nucleotide sequence of PVA was analyzed by using the software Primer Premier 5.0, and specific probe labeled with biotin was prepared and coupled with fluorescence-coded microspheres, which was used for hybridization reaction to RT-PCR products of PVA. Liquichip detection method for PVA was established by using Bio-Rad Liquichip to detect fluorescence signal in the reaction system. The specificity of this method was evaluated by applying the proposed method to detect four viruses infecting potato, TBRV, Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), Potato virus A (PVA) and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). The results demonstrated better specificity to PVA and no reaction with other three viruses. The sensitivity of the method was 1 pg/μL of total RNA, which was equal to the conventional RT-PCR gel electrophoresis method.The successful detection of PVA in potato samples suggested the feasibility of this procedure for routine testing

  Technical Efficiency of Different Farmer Sizes Based on Stochastic Frontier Production Function and its Influencing Factors 2013, 29 (15):  42-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0186 Abstract + ( 817 )   PDF ( 644169KB )   ( 937 ) sing Translog Stochastic Frontier Production Function Model and a large set of first-hand household level survey data from graingrowers in Shaanxi Province, this paper makes an attempt at both theoretical and empirical analysis on the production technical efficiency of different farmer sizes.Then,Using Tobit Model,this paper makes a regression analysis on exogenous variable that affect technical efficiency. The results show that medium scale of farmers'production efficiency is higher than the small-scale farmers and a large-scale farmers', under the existing technology conditions, the farmer's technical efficiency have a bigger promotion space; In the influence factors, labor age, family non-agricultural income, agricultural income and non-agricultural income ratio, farmers planting land , rentland and scale ,all of these factors have a significant influence on food production technical efficiency; Yet,labor education degree and rentland ratio have no significant effect on efficiency.At last,the paper draws a research conclusion and puts forward some policy suggestions.

  Effects of Cotton Straw to Field and Organic-inorganic Mixed Fertilizer Application on Cotton Growth and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in Cotton Budding Stage 2013, 29 (15):  50-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3013 Abstract + ( 824 )   PDF ( 579067KB )   ( 820 ) In order to explore the impact of different fertilization methods on the growth of cotton in the Yellow River Delta coastal saline area. The field experiment was conducted to study the effects of three applications of fertilizers (conventional fertilization, conventional fertilization + cotton straw to field, organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers + cotton straw to field) and three level of cotton straw applied amount (10 t/hm2, 15 t/hm2, 20 t/hm2) on agricultural characters, dry matter accumulation, leaf SPAD values and nitrogen utilization efficiency during cotton budding stage in coastal saline-alkali land of the Yellow River Delta. The results showed that the cotton height, branch number and stem dry weight (except for root length) in both treatments of cotton straw to field and organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers + cotton straw to field were increased greatly, compared with conventional fertilization. In additional, the number of cotton bud was inversed in all treatments of cotton straw to field but the 10 t/hm2 cotton straw application treatment. The middle and high cotton straw application (15 t/hm2 and 20 t/hm2) to field in treatments of cotton straw to field and organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers + cotton straw to field increased cotton dry weight and promoted the nitrogen transferring to leaves and buds. The nitrogen utilization efficiency reached to 16.77%-23.39% in treatment of organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers + cotton straw to field, which was significant different to conventional fertilization treatment (P<0.05). The positive correlations of cotton leaf SPAD values and nitrogen content in cotton leaf and nitrogen utilization efficiency were observed in cotton budding stage and the correlation coefficients were 0.6088 and 0.5879, respectively.

  Effect of Chitosan on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Cotton 2013, 29 (15):  56-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3644 Abstract + ( 1007 )   PDF ( 637195KB )   ( 768 ) The effect of chitosan on seed germination and seedling growth. Treating the cotton seed with 0.5 g/L, 1 g/L, 1.5 g/L, 2 g/L, 2.5 g/L, 3 g/L of chitosan. The results showed that, when the concentration of chitosan reached 1.5 g/L, the germination rate increased by 16.56%, in the same time the seedling emergence time of cotton was 0.8 day earlier than the control group, and the emergence rate, plant height, fresh weight had increased by 15.53%, 11.85% and 9.63%, and the content of amylase, chlorophyll content, proline content, catalase activity had increased by 13.79%, 4.94%, 13.28% and 7.21%. Appropriate concentration of chitosan could promote seed germination and seedling growth of cotton and the promoting effect of the seed treated by 1.5 g/L was the highest. Above discussed in the paper providing a new insight into the application effects of chitosan in agriculture.

  Effect of soil extracts with different pH values on the germination and seedling growth of alfalfa 2013, 29 (15):  60-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4170 Abstract + ( 1112 )   PDF ( 642225KB )   ( 799 ) The effect of soil extracts with different pH values on the germination and seedling growth of 18 alfalfa varieties was investigated .The germination was inhibited under low or high pH of soil extracts. but when pH values were 6.17、8.76、9.20, the seeds had germinated could be promoted growth to some extent. The germination rate and ratio of seedling height to root length were regarded as two suitable acid and alkali resistance indexes, but the fresh weight was not. The proportion of germination in the substrate with pH values from6.43 to 8.44 was higher than 60%,and the seedling could grow normally. The critical pH was 5.06 or 9.17,and limiting pH was 2.71 or 10.26 through regression equation. Based on measured values, the 18 alfalfa varieties could be divided into 4 groups by AVERAGE cluster analysis. The results showed that Zhongmu No.1,Gongnong No.2 and Hopeland were most acid and alkali resistance.

  Optimization of Culture Conditions for Phosphate-solubilizing Bacteria Bacillus megaterium in Submerged Fermentation 2013, 29 (15):  68-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2633 Abstract + ( 1363 )   PDF ( 667359KB )   ( 1114 ) To obtain high density bacterial fertilizer of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, culture conditions for a strain of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria Bacillus megaterium isolated from soil were optimized, and OD600 of the broth was used as a standard to judge the number of viable cells. Firstly, single factor experiments were used to research the effects of different factors of inoculation amount, medium volume, culture temperature, initial pH, incubation time, and rotate speed on submerged fermentation and the best values of single factors were obtained. Then orthogonal experiment of L9(34) was used to optimize the optimal culture conditions. After that, growth curve of the strain was described. The results showed that the optimal culture conditions were: temperature of 30℃, initial pH of 8.0, medium volume of 20 mL/250 mL flask, inoculation amount of 3%, rotate speed of 250 r/min, and incubation time of 22 h; under the optimal culture conditions, the number of viable cells of Bacillus megaterium reached above 3.2×109 cfu/mL. The period between 2 hours to 8 hours after inoculation was logarithmic phase for cell growth, then cell growth was in the stable stage, and after 22 hours, decline phase started. The results could provide basic data for production of phosphate-solubilizing bacterial fertilizer for agricultural application.

  The Study on Antifungal Activity, Screening and identification of actinomycete K2 Strain from Soil 2013, 29 (15):  73-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3150 Abstract + ( 983 )   PDF ( 596481KB )   ( 836 ) Screening antifungal actinomycetes are the foundation of agricultural antibiotics exploitation. The antifungal activity of 8 strains actinomycetes were studied by flat confrontation, one strain named K2 was got by mycelim growth rate, its antimicrobial spectrum was studied and strains identification with mycelim growth rate. The result of mycelium growth rate showed that K2 had a broad spectrum inhibitory activity to all the tested 10 plant pathogenic fungi. Among these, activity against Fusarium oxysporum was the highest with inhibition rate of 57.38%. The results based on morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical characterization and 16S rDNA sequence analysis of strain K2 showed that it was possibly Streptomyces. The K2 strain displayed a broad spectrum inhibitory activity, which had great potential for controlling plant pathogens.

  Effects of Long-term Fertilization on Enzyme Activities and Soil Fertility for Black Farmlands under Different Soil Matter Levels 2013, 29 (15):  78-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0318 Abstract + ( 1131 )   PDF ( 631974KB )   ( 853 ) 【OBJECTIVE】The research investigated the effects of long-term fertilization on enzyme activities and soil fertility for the black farmlands under different soil matter levels.【METHOD】In this study, the research objects are black soils under five different organic matter levels (Lishu(SOM1.7), Dehui(SOM3), Helen(SOM5), Nenjing(SOM6), Bei'an(SOM11)), it analyzed the soil enzyme activities such as urease, phosphatase, protease, invertase and the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus.【RESUITS】The results showed that, the application of chemical fertilizers can increase the nutrient content and soil enzyme activities of black soil. Bei'an (SOM11) increase in maximum, reached significant difference level between it and other four soils (p<0.05). The results of correlation analysis showed that soil urease, phosphatase, protease, invertase and soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen are significantly related, soil urease, invertase can reflect the quality change trend of the soil under different organic matter levels after long-term fertilization.

  Effects of Different Fertilization Systems on the Activities of Urease and Catalase in Saline Soil 2013, 29 (15):  84-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2755 Abstract + ( 955 )   PDF ( 605592KB )   ( 882 ) By localized experiments, this paper studied the effects of different fertilization systems (organic compound fertilizer, biological fertilizer, organic fertilizer, stable manure and fertilizer) on activities of urease and catalase in soil, and also studied on the correlation between soil enzyme activities and soil nutrient factors, which is going to improve the fertility of saline soil and the activity of urease and catalase in saline soil. The results showed that, all these five kinds of fertility betterment could improve the urease activities obviously, and it presented a trend of first rise and then drop, the effect of organic compound fertilizer on urease activities was the most significant, increased 1.6 fold compared to the control group. Biological fertilizer and organic fertilizer increased 1.335 fold and 1.322 fold compared to the control group. Though the effects of all treatments on catalase activities were not obvious, but were all somewhat increased. Through the study on the correlation between soil enzyme activities and soil nutrient factors, we drew a conclusion that available P content and total N content had most important influence on urease activities, correlation coefficient reached 0.8737 and 0.8451, correlation coefficient between catalase activities and organic content, available N content was respectively 0.796 and 0.754.

  Effects of Compound Intercropping on Nutrition and Organic Matter of Coastal Saline Soil 2013, 29 (15):  89-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2381 Abstract + ( 925 )   PDF ( 473104KB )   ( 748 ) In order to investigate the effects of compound intercropping on soil improvement of coastal saline, woody plants (Elaeagnus angustifolia L. and Pyrus betulaefolia Bge.) and herbaceous plants (Carthamus tinctorius L. and Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) were used as experimental materials, and four intercropping planting treatments (T1, T2, T3 and T4) were designed. The contents of hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapidly available phosphorous, rapidly available potassium and organic matter were measured according to relative national standards. The results showed that: the four treatments could increase the contents of nutrition and organic matter in 0-10 cm, 10-30 cm and 30-50 cm soil layers, respectively, but different treatments had different effects on the increasing percentages of nutrition and organic matter. In three soil layers of 0-10 cm, 10-30 cm and 30-50 cm, the intercropping planting treatments which had the most high increasing percentage for hydrolyzable nitrogen content were T2 (92.1%), T2 (199.8%) and T2 (370.5%), for rapidly available phosphorous were T4 (69.1%), T1 (558.9%) and T1 (245.7%), for rapidly available potassium were T1 (144.9%), T2 (119.5%) and T1 (132.0%), for organic matter were T2 (82.5%), T2 (212.3%) and T1 (180.6%). According to comprehensive analysis, T1 and T2 treatments had better effects than others on soil improvement of coastal saline, and could be effective modes in the improvement of coastal saline soil.

  The Relationship Between Changes of Leaf Color and Nitrogen Content After Rice Heading Stage with Yield or Sensory Taste 2013, 29 (15):  93-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3257 Abstract + ( 825 )   PDF ( 538897KB )   ( 608 ) In order to explore the changing rules of leaf color and nitrogen content after ear heading, analysis their relationships with yield, characteristic and sensory taste, use 13 rice varieties (lines) that participate regional test as the material to conduct the test under conventional conditions in 2011. From period of ear heading to mature, use SPAD502 and CCN600 AGRIEXPERT to measure the leaf color and nitrogen content every 10 days; Each repeat of each varieties (lines) is harvested separately, then survey production and take samples from repeat Ⅰ to determine palatability characteristic (amylose and protein content) with Autoanalyzer 3 made in Germany; The sensory test is conducted at last，panel is composed of 16 teachers and students, completed in 2 days. The result showed that, the leaf color value and nitrogen content decreased gradually after heading stage, drop most especially just before mature time. There was no significant correlation among production, amylose content, protein content and sensory comprehensive evaluation. The leaf color value and nitrogen content had significant positive correlation with grain protein content, but no significant correlation with yield, amylose content and sensory comprehensive evaluation. Therefore, according to the leaf color value or nitrogen content, low protein content varieties (lines) could be selected.

  Effects of Different Sowing Practices on the Yield of Winter Wheat in Hebei Province 2013, 29 (15):  98-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4006 Abstract + ( 772 )   PDF ( 611066KB )   ( 820 ) Maize straw returning to the field plus rotary tillage before sowing winter wheat was the main model of winter wheat planting in Hebei Province. This planting model created unfavourable growing condition to the seedings of winter wheat. Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different sowing practices on the yield of winter in Gaocheng City in Hebei Province. Three treatments were set up: no irrigation before sowing (CK), irrigation before sowing, no irrigation before sowing with rolling after sowing. The yield of the three treatments was in the order of irrigation before sowing > no irrigation before sowing with rolling after sowing > no irrigation before sowing. The yield under irrigation before sowing and no irrigation before sowing with rolling after sowing treatments were significant increased by 6.9% and 6.0% compared that of CK (P<0.01). No irrigation before sowing with rolling after sowing treatment could save the irrigation of pre-sowing and it could be extended as a water-saving practices in this region.

  Yield Comparison of 10 Maize Lines (Variety) and Correlation Degree Analysis for the Main Agronomic Characters 2013, 29 (15):  103-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2544 Abstract + ( 936 )   PDF ( 478926KB )   ( 776 ) Through the yields comparison and the correlation degree analysis for the main agronomic characters with yield in Southeast region, the results were: line 2011QS04 and line 2011QS05 could be production test, because they were significantly better than the other 8 lines, correlation degree analysis showed that the importance of the agronomic characters was: 100-seed weight > ear length > row grains > leaves > tassel branch > ear stalk length/ear position internode length > ear diameter > bald > ear position height > ear rows > plant height. So we should select the varieties (strains) of 100-seed weight bigger, ear length longer, more row grains and more leaves.

  The Effect of Praying EM Fertilizer on Growth and Yield at Seeding Stage of Maize 2013, 29 (15):  108-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3640 Abstract + ( 813 )   PDF ( 505223KB )   ( 798 ) In order to investigate the effects of EM fertilizer on the maize (Zea mays L.) growth and yield, and furthermore to solve the using problems of the corn seed coated in double growing area effectively, the usage of EM fertilizer amount and water volume on four-leaf maize were studied in the south of Shanxi Province. The results showed that, spraying EM fertilizer during seedling stage on summer maize could enhance the growth and development, improved the agronomic traits, the yield components obviously and increased the yield significantly. Compared with spraying of 540 kg water, the 45 kg/hm2 EM fertilizer +540 kg/hm2 H2O treatment could increase significantly on the area of leaf (8.29%), the seeds per ear (15.14%) and highly significant on the ear length (8.57%), the yield by 18.5%. Compared with spraying of 1080 kg water, The 60 kg/hm2 EM fertilizer +1080 kg/hm2 H2O treatment could increase the high of plant, the stem diameter, the internode number, the height of ear, the area of leaf highly significant. The 45 kg/hm2 EM+1080 kg/hm2 H2O treatment could increase the length of ear, the ear diameter, seeds per ear, the weight per ear, the ear number of per hectare, the yield highly significant. The yield could increase 35.8%, which was the best.

  Effect of Three Growth Regulators on Photosynthetic Physiology, Yield and Quality of Peanut 2013, 29 (15):  112-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1954 Abstract + ( 1002 )   PDF ( 589596KB )   ( 909 ) Objective to research the photosynthetic physiology, yield and quality changes of peanut under chemical regulation. In this experiment, it was a comparative study on chemical regulation of mepiquat chloride, chlormequat chloride and paclobutrazol. The results showed that, three plant growth regulators decreased plant height and transpiration rate of leaf, increased stem diameter, the number of effective branch and pods, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate in peanut leaf, finally achieved the aim of increasing the yield of peanut and improving the quality of peanut. In comparison, the chemical regulation of paclobutrazol on increasing chlorophyll content, yield and crude protein content and decreasing the transpiration rate of peanut were best, and yield and crude protein content of paclobutrazol treatment were 9.0% and 7.8% more than control. The net photosynthetic rate in peanut leaves of mepiquat chloride treatments was the highest, it was 25% more than controlled. The chlormequat chloride was best for improving the linoleic acid content of peanut seed, its linoleic acid content was 6.4% more than control. In conclusion, the chemical regulating effect of paclobutrazol on pod yield, quality and photosynthetic physiology of peanut was the best, followed by the mepiquat chloride.

  Effects of Different Cultivation Models on Characteristics of Growth, Yield and Quality for Winter-planting Potato 2013, 29 (15):  117-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3026 Abstract + ( 932 )   PDF ( 617019KB )   ( 871 ) In the experiment, potato variety ‘Netherlands No.7’ was used to study the difference in the characteristics of growth and development, yield and quality of winter-planting potato of the variety in seven cultivation models. The results showed that compared with the control, these models with covering could make potato emergence earlier more than 5 days, the growth period shortened by 8 days to 22 days, leaf growth promoted, the tuber number and yield improved by 29.04% to 67.68%. As far as yield was concerned, the tillage with straw covering and plastic film mulching was the best, then followed by the black plastic mulching, the tillage with straw covering and soil covering, the tillage with straw covering and black plastic film mulching, plastic film mulching, straw covering. Moreover, all treatments had significant influence on the dry matter of tuber, reducing sugar, the content of soluble starch and commercial potato rate. Different cultivation models have merits and demerits respectively, so in order to get high yield, relevant cultivation model should be employed to various environmental conditions.

  The Different of Microorganism and Conditions Between the Compost and Natural Leaf Litter 2013, 29 (15):  123-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3294 Abstract + ( 917 )   PDF ( 540344KB )   ( 803 ) To provide basic data for application of local compost, we study the different of microorganism and conditions between the compost and natural leaf’s litters. We analyzed the sample temperature, pH value and small animal and bacterial diversity. The results showed that, artificial compost temperature in the medium was 50-60℃, stage of basic and leaves the soil temperature, closed to ambient temperature; artificial compost end-stage pH value in 8.0-8.2, which was weakly alkaline, not mature compost was in metaphase artificial compost at pH 5.5-6.0, a weak acid, leaves the pH value of soil in 6.5-7.5, a neutral; artificial compost contained in the medium of insects were killed, in the end was more rich, more than deciduous soil; stage artificial compost bacteria was 8.53×108 cfu/g, metaphase artificial compost bacteria was 4.6×108 cfu/g, leaf litter of bacteria was 1.82×108 cfu/g. There were different kinds of soil microbial characteristics significantly affected by human activity.

  Research Advances of Real-time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR in Plant Gene Expression 2013, 29 (15):  127-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2632 Abstract + ( 1142 )   PDF ( 544159KB )   ( 1278 ) In recent years, the real-time transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been widely used to molecular diagnostics, pathological analysis and food safety test as a new methodology of nucleic acid sequences quantitative analysis. Although the RT-PCR was a quantitative accurate, highly sensitive and high-throughput technology, its study on plant gene expression was relatively few. The article summarized the applications of RT-PCR in analysis of gene integrated expression, gene families expression, gene differential expression and transgenic expression. Based on case studies, the influencing factors of gene expression detection were analyzed by including reverse transcription and housekeeping gene selection. However, the technology still needed to be improved due to its reproducibility, sensitivity and normalization flaws. With the development of molecular biotechnology, the RT-PCR will play a more extensive role in plant genetics and breeding, plant pathological quarantine and molecular evolution.

  Overview of Apolipoprotein B RNA Editing Mechanism 2013, 29 (15):  135-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3666 Abstract + ( 1395 )   PDF ( 517426KB )   ( 1006 ) Apolipoprotein B (apoB), an essential structural component of lipoproteins responsible for lipid transportation, circulates in two forms in human, apoB-100 and apoB-48. The generation of apoB-48 is due to the apoB-100 mRNA editing. ApoB-48-containing lipoproteins cannot be converted into the atherogenic low dendity lipoproteins. ApoB RNA editing involves precise deamination of a single nucleotide by a coordinated protein, which is regulated by many elements. Accurate components in the editosome and their role remain unclear. Understanding of the mechanism responsible for apoB mRNA editing will provide the theoretical basis for lipoprotein-related diseases.

  The feature analysis of the promoter sequences in tissue specific expression genes in rice and Arabidopsis 2013, 29 (15):  142-148.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2920 Abstract + ( 1166 )   PDF ( 469902KB )   ( 1042 ) Using the UniGene database for Arabidopsis and rice information, root, leaf, flower, seed 4 kinds of tissue specific expression genes and tissue non-expression of genes were got. The promoter sequences were downloaded in the database of TAIR and RAP-DB. The promoter sequences of tissue specific expression of genes and tissue non-expression of genes were analysed by Bioinformatics software MEME, forecast the cis-acting element for regulation of tissue-specific expression genes. Next,every cis-acting element was tested in tissue specific expression genes and tissue non-expression of genes by FIMO. Most likely “CCACACA” is the Cis-acting element that control the expression in leaf of Arabidopsis thaliana. The research strategy can provide the references for understanding the mechanism of gene regulation.

  Identification and Bioinformatics Analysis of the EeDREB2 in Elytrigia elongate 2013, 29 (15):  149-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2837 Abstract + ( 1059 )   PDF ( 870257KB )   ( 815 ) In order to reveal the structure and functional characteristics of EeDREB2, and provide important candidate genes for transgenic wheat, the cDNA of EeDREB2 was cloned in Elytrigia elongate. The results showed that the cDNA of EeDREB2 was 1035 bp and encoded 344 amino acids, encoding a hydrophilic amino acid with 20 phosphorylation site. The iso-electric point and the molecular weight was 4.85 and 37485.49 Da. Subcellular localization predicted EeDREB2 gene located in the nucleus. Gene expression profile analysis found that EeDREB2 gene expressed in roots, stem, leaf, flowers, seeds, and was more highly expressed in leaf. The homology analysis showed that EeDREB2 shared high homology to TaDREB4B. The cloning of the EeDREB2 gene provided effective resources to resistance research of transgenic wheat.

  Cloning and Expression analysis of DsMAPK from Dunaliella salina 2013, 29 (15):  157-163.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3573 Abstract + ( 1225 )   PDF ( 829170KB )   ( 829 ) Dunaliella salina Mitogen-activated protein kinase gene (GenBank Accession No. JQ782412)（named DsMAPK）was cloned by RT-PCR and RACE technology for further bioinformatics analysis. The result shows that the full length of cDNA for DsMAPK is 1861bp, which contains 67 bp 5′UTR, 387bp 3′UTR and 1407bp open reading frame, coding 468 amino acids. The protein is a hydrophilic protein without signal peptide. According to our analysis, the protein belongs to a non-transmembrane protein category and is located in cytoplasm. Secondary structure prediction indicates that the protein consists of 25.2% a-helix, 12.4% strands and 62.4% random coils. Protein Drthology shows that the protein has a closest genetic relationship with those of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Volvox carteri f. nagariensis. By using real-time quantitative PCR ,we monitored the expression value of DsMAPK .The results show that the expression level of DsMAPK mRNA has significantly risen under high salt stress(including 3 mol/L NaCl), and it achieved the highest level after 1h dispose of 3 mol/L NaCl, which is 5 times larger than that of under 1.5 mol/L NaCl untreated condition(P<0.01). The research laid a foundation for further study of the function and working mechanism of DsMAPK.

  Construction and transiently-expressed validation of the GFP expression vector for optimization of plant transformation system 2013, 29 (15):  164-168.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3803 Abstract + ( 1326 )   PDF ( 795181KB )   ( 2390 ) Abstract: Expression vectors are important materials in establishment of plant transformation system. In this study, we constructed a GFP expression vector pGWB14-GFP through Gateway cloning technology. Then we transiently transformed this vector into Onion peels and wheat leaves by gene gun method and GFP expression was detected by epi-fluorescence microscope. The results showed that GFP can function as usual in cells of both onion and wheat, suggesting this vector can be used in the transformations of both dicot and monocot plants. This vector cotains GFP expression cassette and selection markers for kanamycin, and can be used in both dicot and monocot plants. With these advantages, this vector would become a powerful tool for the establishment of plant transformation system.

  Study on Utilizing Corn Stalk to Cultivate Conidiophore of Trichoderma spp. 2013, 29 (15):  169-172.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1933 Abstract + ( 1002 )   PDF ( 591105KB )   ( 1040 ) In order to research the Feasibility of Utilizing Corn Stalk, which was affluent but cheap, to process Conidial preparation of Trichoderma, fineness of corn stalk, moisture content, supplement of nutrient carbon sources and inorganic salts and stiring on the spore production were studied. The result showed that the fineness of corn stalk was 40-10 mesh, initial moisture was 60%-70%, and the spore production could reach 1.27×1010 spores per gram dry matter. Initial inoculum on the sporulation of Trichoderma had little impact. Add carbon sources and inorganic salts, the greatest spore production could reach 2.0×1010 spores per gram dry matter. But stiring was not conducive to sporulation. This showed that utilizing corn stalk to process conidial preparation of Trichoderma was feasible, efficiency, non-pollution, and it had important reference value to produce and promote Trichoderma agent.

  Research on Weed Eco-economic Threshold in No-tillage Summer Corn Field 2013, 29 (15):  173-176.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2776 Abstract + ( 958 )   PDF ( 523668KB )   ( 836 ) The experiment was conducted to determine the weed eco-economic threshold in no-tillage summer corn field. Field plots were random complete block design. Weed species and density were setup using additive method. Weed eco-economic threshold was calculated by the relationship between the weed density and yield loss rate. The results showed that, yield loss rate (y) correlated positively with weed density (x). The fitted curve models were optimized by goodness of fit >0.90 and minimal residual sum of squares. Exponential model (y=46.4359-18.518e-x/21.9215-28.5039e-x/126.5527, R2=0.9609) was the optimum equation to fit for the relationship. Average eco-economic threshold in the field was 2.27 plants per m2. Permitted minimum weed density of the no-tillage summer corn field could be calculated by the model and instructed the weed integrative management.

  Studies on the herbicidal activity of leave extracts of Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg. 2013, 29 (15):  177-182.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2038 Abstract + ( 968 )   PDF ( 601165KB )   ( 743 ) The studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of the methanol, ethanol and distilled water extracts from the leaves of Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg. on the growth of Lagopsis supine (Steph.) IK.-Gal. and Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. seedlings by the method of grinded plant tissue powders mixed with agar (PPA) at 0.625g?L-1 concentration. The results showed that the inhibitory activity of ethanol extracts was the highest, and its optimum extractive concentration was 100%. The leaves extracts obtained with 100% ethanol solution all displayed certain inhibitory activities on seedlings growth of E. crusgalli and L. supine at different concentrations and the EC50 on radicle/hypocotyl of L. supine and seminal root/coleoptile of E. crusgalli were 0.159g?L-1/0.595g?L-1and 0.489g?L-1/3.43g?L-1, respectively. Then, the extracts was further sequentially partitioned with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and buthanol, respectively. Among obtained four fractions including water fraction, the petroleum ether fraction showed the highest inhibitory activities on the seedlings growth of lettuce, wheat, L. supine and E. crusgalli at 2g?L-1concentration. The results provide the evidence for further separation of herbicidal active compounds from C. grandiflora leaves and development of the botanical herbicides.

  Pesticide Activity and Molecular Biology Identification of 11 Strains of Endophytic Fungi from Oriental Arborvitae 2013, 29 (15):  183-187.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3674 Abstract + ( 976 )   PDF ( 665038KB )   ( 759 ) The antifungal and herbicidal activity of 11 strains of endophytic fungi ( J46, J77, J80, J85, J86, J94, Y51, Y52, Y57, Y125, Y127 ) from Oriental Arborvitae against the mycelium growth of 12 kinds of plant pathogenic fungi and seed germination of Amranthus retroflexus were tested respectively. The results showed that the inhibition rate of 10 strains of endophytic fungi were more than 50% at least to one pathogenic fungus. There were 5 strains of endophytic fungi ( Y52, J94, Y127, J77 and J46) whose inhibition rate against Valsa mali were more than 70%, and 4 strains of endophytic fungi (J94, Y52, J77 and J46) whose inhibition rate against Botrytis cinerea were more than 70%. The endophytic fungi displayed strong inhibition to the radicle of A. retroflexus, in which inhibition rate of 8 strains were more than 70%. ITS sequence was determined to classify the 8 strains of endophytic fungi with good antifungal or herbicidal activity, and it showed that they were all Alternaria alternaria.

  Effect of metal icon Cr、Co、Pb on SOD、POD、MDA in Lemna minor L. 2013, 29 (15):  188-194.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3656 Abstract + ( 1058 )   PDF ( 870366KB )   ( 1192 ) To study the effect of metal icon Cr、Co、Pb on SOD、POD、MDA in Lemna minor, we culture Lemna minor in Aqua NO.104 nitrogenous medium by adding metal icon Cr、Co、Pb in different concentration course, respectively. After six days cultivation, we detect the change of the SOD、POD、MDA content. The results showed that under the single stress the SOD、POD、MDA can vary regularly. The Lemna minor can effectively resist the damage of these metal icons through theire own defense system in very low concentration, however, when the Cr6+、Co2+、Pb2+ concentration is more than 1.5mmol/L、0.8mmol/L、0.5mmol/L, Lemna minor cannot repair the damage caused by it.

  The Application of Topramezone on Sweet Corn 2013, 29 (15):  195-198.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3463 Abstract + ( 1228 )   PDF ( 489135KB )   ( 841 ) In order to study the effects of topramezone on common weed control in corn and the sensitivity of different sweet corn cultivars to topramezone, 16 kinds of sweet corn cultivars were treated by 25.00 g/hm2 topramezone at 4-6 leaf stage, the effect of weed control and the inhibition rate of plant height were calculated. The results showed that, topramezone provided a control of 90% on common weeds; effects of topramezone on sweet corn seedling growth could have some phytotoxicity injury, the inhibition rate of plant height to ‘Zhongtian No.8’ and ‘Zhengtian 68’ were 24.83% and 23.01% at 10 days after application, they are more sensitive than other; the sugar content of sweet corn has no correlation with sensitivity to topramezone.

  Synthesis and Pesticidal Activity of 8 Derivatives of 4-Methyl-Coumarin 2013, 29 (15):  199-203.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3010 Abstract + ( 1021 )   PDF ( 561292KB )   ( 784 ) Abstract: Eight derivatives of 4-methyl-coumarin were synthesized, and their pesticidal activities were determined in this paper. First, 4-methyl-7-hydroxy-coumarin was prepared from ethyl acetoacetate and resorcinol by Pechmann reaction. Then 4 kinds of 4-methyl-7-acyloxy-coumarins were obtained by acylation of 4-methyl-7-hydroxy-coumarin with different chlorides. Finally, 4 kinds of 4-methyl-7-acyloxy-coumarin occurred Fries rearrangement to give 4-methyl-7-hydroxy-8-acyl-coumarin catalyzed by anhydrous AlCl3. The antifungal and herbicidal activities were determined by methods of mycelium growth rate and seed germination respectively. The results indicated that six derivatives of 4-methyl-coumarin had certain antifungal activity against all the 4 kinds of plant pathogens tested. The antifungal activity of 4-methyl-7-hydroxy-8-benzoyl-coumarin was the best of the six chemicals, with EC50 of 62.40 and 69.22 mg/L against Valsa mali and Coniothyrium diplodiella respectively. Followed was 4-methyl-7-hydroxy-8-o-fluorobenzoyl-coumarin. Herbicidal activities of the synthesized compounds against the root and stem development of Amaranthus retroflexus and Lactuca sativa seedlings were weak.

  Study on Different Rice Palatability Characteristics 2013, 29 (15):  204-208.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3768 Abstract + ( 1075 )   PDF ( 614848KB )   ( 843 ) The aim was to explore the characteristics of quality of high palatability varieties, to establish an user-friendly eating evaluation methods. Through the sensory evaluation of rice palatability, starch RVA profiles, taste, viscosity and hardness, study on rice quality and excellent taste elements study rice quality and quality and eating elements. The results indicated that, the evaluation and selection of high-quality and eating varieties rice taste assessed the taste value determination and comprehensive evaluation. ‘Jigeng 509’ that natural storage for one year taste characteristics was poor, ‘Jindao102’ and ‘Jindao291’ taste characteristic was good. Quality and palatability rice was divided into Koshihikari type (Ⅰ type), Jindao102 type (Ⅱ type) and Jindao291 type (Ⅲ type). To cultivate ‘China Koshihikari rice’, ‘Jindao102’ and other types and many people need multiple-varieties, is the urgent task of confronting the breeders.

  Essential Oil Composition of Four Hybrid Germplasms of White Pepper(Piper nigrum L.) 2013, 29 (15):  209-215.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2605 Abstract + ( 1001 )   PDF ( 958357KB )   ( 728 ) The essential oil composition of four hybrid germplasms of white pepper(Piper nigrum L.) were analysis by GC-MS method. The results showed that different hybrid germplasms had great influence on the constituents and their contents of the white pepper essential oil. The main constituents of four kinds of white pepper essential oil were 3-carene, limonene, caryophyllene, α- caryophyllene, β-pinene,β-Myrcene , δ-elemene and α -pinene. (+)-Cyclosativene , calarene andβ-terpinene were detected only in white pepper essential oil of hybrid No.8;α-terpinene, β –thujene and α-selinene were detected only in white pepper essential oil of hybrid No. 2,6 and 7.

  Preliminary Research on Developing the Organic Industry Under the New Organic Product Standard and the Requirements of Regarding Law and Regulations 2013, 29 (15):  216-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2538 Abstract + ( 1059 )   PDF ( 514494KB )   ( 895 ) In order to prefect the organic product certification regulation, and further improvement of organic production, processing and marketing, Certification and accreditation administration of the People's republic of China, shorted as CNCA, revised the Organic Product national standard and the Implement rule on Organic Product Certification, and published the Organic Product Certification catalogue. Under the new situation of the new standard, law and regulation, how to develop the organic industry is the common concern of the organic operator, it is also the problem that must be solved immediately. In this paper, the author introduced the key updates of the new organic product and regulations, and provided suggestions for the organic operators. These suggestions are, 1) close attention of the organic operator leaders, 2) education and training on the staff, 3) proper organic agriculture production module, 4) communication to certification body, local Quality Supervision and local Inspection Department and industrial and commercial administration department.