Abstract: To provide basic data for application of local compost, we study the different of microorganism and conditions between the compost and natural leaf’s litters. We analyzed the sample temperature, pH value and small animal and bacterial diversity. The results showed that, artificial compost temperature in the medium was 50-60℃, stage of basic and leaves the soil temperature, closed to ambient temperature; artificial compost end-stage pH value in 8.0-8.2, which was weakly alkaline, not mature compost was in metaphase artificial compost at pH 5.5-6.0, a weak acid, leaves the pH value of soil in 6.5-7.5, a neutral; artificial compost contained in the medium of insects were killed, in the end was more rich, more than deciduous soil; stage artificial compost bacteria was 8.53×108 cfu/g, metaphase artificial compost bacteria was 4.6×108 cfu/g, leaf litter of bacteria was 1.82×108 cfu/g. There were different kinds of soil microbial characteristics significantly affected by human activity.