Abstract: To evaluate the production efficiency of flue-cured tobacco planting in Henan Province, an empirical analysis on flue-cured tobacco production efficiency in Henan Province was conducted based on cost-benefit data from three consecutive years using DEA method. The results showed that compared with other flue-cured tobacco-producing provinces, flue-cured tobacco production efficiency in Henan province belonged to non-DEA effective type; moreover, great differences in flue-cured tobacco production efficiency existed among flue-cured tobacco-producing counties of Henan Province. On this basis, the influencing factors for non-effective decision-making unit efficiency loss in Henan provincial flue-cured tobacco production were discussed and some suggestions were proposed, including implementing science and technology innovation project, increasing growing and purchase plan, balancing different flue-cured tobacco-growing areas development, vigorously promoting mechanization, and rational allocation of production materials and so on.