Abstract: To prove up the physiological and structural effects of molybdenum on wheat seed germination and seedling growth, the wheat varieties for different uses were chosen to study the effect of the different molybdenum concentration on the activities of amylase, bud potentials, germination rate, activities of roots, structure of root tip and seedling growth. The results were as followings, low concentrations (10 mg/L) accelerated bud potential and germination rate, while high concentrations restrained them, this was corresponding to activities of amylase in wheat under the same molybdenum treatments. The activities of roots, root length, bud length, root weight and bud weight took on a trend of increase first and then decreased, root length and weight were more sensitive to molybdenum than bud. A certain molybdenum concentrations could advance volumes and quantities of meristematic cells in root tip. The different wheat varieties for different uses were different response to molybdenum as follows: ‘Yangmai 16’ with medium gluten > ‘Yangmai19’ with weak gluten > ‘Luomai8’ with strong gluten.